Intende yesandla yenza indawo etholakala ebusweni bangaphakathi besandla futhi ivumela ukubamba.

Isikhundla. Intende yesandla ingaphakathi kwesandla, phakathi kwesihlakala neminwe (1).

Ukwakheka kwamathambo. Intende yesandla yakhiwe i-pastern, eyakhiwe ngamathambo amade amahlanu abekwe ekunwetshweni komunwe ngamunye (2).

Ukwakheka kwezicubu. Intende yesandla yakhiwe (1):

• imigqa;
• imisipha yangaphakathi yesandla, okuyizinto eziphakeme ze-nar kanye ne-hypothenar, i-lumbricals, i-interossei, kanye nemisipha ye-adductor yesithupha;
• imisipha evela emisipha yengxenye yangaphambili yengalo;
• i-palmar aponeurosis.

Imvilophu. Intende yesandla imbozwe indawo ewugqinsi yesikhumba. Lesi sakamuva asinaboya futhi sinezindlala zomjuluko eziningi. Iphinde imakwe ngemibimbi emithathu ejulile ebizwa ngokuthi "i-palmar flexion folds".

I-Innervation kanye ne-vascularization. Intende yesandla ivalwe yizinzwa ezimaphakathi ne-ulnar (3). Ukunikezwa kwegazi kunikezwa imithambo ye-radial kanye ne-ulnar.

Indima yolwazi. Intende yesandla inokuzwela okunamandla okuvumela ukuthola ulwazi oluningi lwangaphandle (4).

Indima yokwenza. Intende yesandla ivumela ukubamba, okwakha isethi yemisebenzi evumela ukubamba (4).

Ezinye izindima. Intende yesandla iyasetshenziswa nasekukhulumeni noma ekudliseni (4).

Izinkinga ezahlukene zingavela entendeni yesandla. Izimbangela zabo zihlukahlukene futhi zingaba ngethambo, uvalo, imisipha noma imvelaphi ye-articular.

Izifo zamathambo. Uhlaka lwamathambo entendeni yesandla lungaphuka kodwa futhi lungahlushwa izimo ezithile zamathambo. Isibonelo, i-osteoporosis ukulahlekelwa ukuminyana kwamathambo okuvame ukutholakala kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-60. Igqamisa ubuthakathaka bamathambo futhi ikhuthaza nezikweletu (5).

Izifo zemizwa. Izifo ezihlukahlukene zezinzwa zingathinta intende yesandla, isibonelo i-carpal tunnel syndrome ibhekisela ezinkingeni ezihlobene nokucindezelwa kwenzwa ephakathi ezingeni lomhubhe we-carpal, ngokunembile kakhulu ezingeni lesihlakala. Kubonakala njengokuncinza kweminwe nokulahleka kwamandla emisipha, ikakhulukazi entendeni yesandla (6).

I-pathologies ye-muscular and tendon. Intende yesandla ingathinteka yizifo zemisipha, ezaziwa njengezifo zomsebenzi futhi ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokucindezela ngokweqile, okuphindaphindayo noma okungazelelwe kwilungu lomzimba.

Ama-pathologies ahlangene. Intende yesandla ingaba isihlalo sezimo ezihlangene ezifana nesifo samathambo, ukuhlanganisa izinhlungu ezihambisana namalunga, imisipha, imisipha noma amathambo. I-osteoarthritis iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo samathambo futhi ibonakala ngokuguga nokudabuka koqwanga oluvikela amathambo asemalungeni. Amalunga esundu nawo angathinteka ukuvuvukala esimweni sesifo samathambo (7).

Ukuvimbela ukushaqeka nobuhlungu entendeni yesandla. Ukuze unqande ukuqhekeka nokuphazamiseka kwemisipha, ukuvimbela ngokugqoka ukuvikela noma ukufunda ukuthinta okufanelekile kubalulekile.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Symptomatic. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukungakhululeki, ophathwayo angagqoka i-splint ebusuku. Lokhu kunconywa, isibonelo, esimweni se-carpal tunnel syndrome.

Ukwelashwa kwamathambo. Ngokuya ngohlobo lokuqhekeka, ukufakwa kwe-plaster noma i-resin kuzokwenziwa ukuze kuvinjwe intende yesandla.

Imithi yokwelashwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholakele, ukwelashwa okuhlukile kunqunyelwe ukulawula noma ukuqinisa izicubu zamathambo. Imithi ethile ingase futhi inikezwe ukusiza ukucindezela inzwa.

Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholakele kanye nokuvela kwayo, ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kwenziwa ukuze kugcinwe futhi kuhlolwe izimpawu zezinzwa nezemoto ezibonwa yisiguli entendeni yesandla.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kuvame ukwengezwa nge-x-ray. Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bazosebenzisa i-MRI noma i-CT scan ukuze bahlole futhi babone izilonda. I-scintigraphy noma i-bone densitometry ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ama-pathologies amathambo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Electrophysiological. I-electromyogram yenza sikwazi ukutadisha umsebenzi kagesi wezinzwa futhi sikhombe izilonda ezingaba khona.