I-Osteosarcoma ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wamathambo. Ivamise ukuphatha izingane, intsha kanye nabantu abadala. Ikakhulukazi enolaka, i-osteosarcoma idinga ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokuhlinzwa.

Incazelo ye-osteosarcoma

I-Osteosarcoma umdlavuza wezicubu zethambo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi inolaka ikakhulukazi, ikakhulukazi engcupheni ye-metastases. Lawa umdlavuza wesibili: amaseli esimila esiyinhloko athuthela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lapho i-osteosarcoma itholakala, ama-metastase abonakala ku-10-20% yamacala.

Ama-osteosarcoma angakhula ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zohlaka lwamathambo. Nokho, kuvame kakhulu ukuzibona ekugcineni kwamathambo eduze kwamalunga. Ama-osteosarcoma ngokuvamile avela emadolweni ekugcineni okuphansi kwe-femur noma ekupheleni kwe-tibia. Ziye zabonwa nasezinqulwini, emahlombe, okhalweni, kuma-vertebrae, ogebhezini nasemhlathini.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-osteosarcoma

Umdlavuza ungahlukaniswa ngokwemingcele eminingi, futhi ikakhulukazi ngokwezinga lawo. Sikhuluma ngesiteji ngolimi lwezokwelapha. Izinga lomdlavuza wamathambo lihlolwa ngezigaba ezine. Lapho isigaba siphakeme, umdlavuza ususabalele kuwo wonke umzimba. Izigaba 1 kuya ku-3 zihambisana namafomu enziwe endawo. Isiteji sesi-4 siveza amafomu e-metastatic: amaseli omdlavuza athuthele kwezinye izicubu emzimbeni.

Qaphela: ukulinganiswa komdlavuza wamathambo akusetshenziswanga kwizicubu zomgogodla nasesinqeni.

Izimbangela ze-osteosarcoma

Njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza, ama-osteosarcoma anemvelaphi engakaqondwa ngokugcwele.

Kuze kube manje, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-osteosarcoma kungenzeka ngenxa noma kuthakazelelwe yi:

• i-retinoblastoma yamazwe amabili, uhlobo lomdlavuza wamehlo;
• Isifo sikaPaget, isifo samathambo esiyingozi;
• I-Li-Fraumeni syndrome, isimo esingavamile esibeka phambili izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimila.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-osteosarcoma

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lungasoleka ezimweni ezishiwo ngenhla, noma lapho kubhekwa izimpawu ezithile zomtholampilo. Ukuxilongwa kwe-osteosarcoma kungaqinisekiswa futhi kujulwe yilokhu:

• ukuhlolwa kwezithombe zezokwelapha ezifana nama-x-ray, ama-CT scan, imaging resonance magnetic (MRI) kanye ne-bone scintigraphy;
• i-biopsy ehlanganisa ukuthatha ucezu lwethishu ukuze luhlaziywe, ikakhulukazi uma kusolwa umdlavuza.

Lezi zivivinyo zingasetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwe-osteosarcoma, ukukala izinga layo kanye nokuhlola ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwama-metastase.

Abantu abathintekayo yi-osteosarcoma

I-Osteosarcoma ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wamathambo. Kuhlala kuyisifo esingavamile esithinta isilinganiso samacala angu-3 esigidini ngasinye unyaka ngamunye.

EFrance, kutholakala amacala ayi-100 kuye kwayi-150 unyaka ngamunye. Iningi labo yintsha kanye nabantu abadala.

Ama-osteosarcoma avame ukubonakala phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 nengama-25, futhi ikakhulukazi kubafana. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza wamathambo lungenzeka noma kunjalo nakweminye iminyaka, ikakhulukazi kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-60 nengama-70.

Ubuhlungu be-Bone

Ubuhlungu bamathambo imvamisa kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala somdlavuza wamathambo. Ubuhlungu bungase bube unomphela noma budlule, buqine kakhulu, bube sendaweni noma busakazeke.

Ukuvuvukala kwasendaweni

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-osteosarcoma kungaholela ekubonakaleni kwesigaxa noma isisindo esiphuphumayo esicutshini esithintekile.

Ukuphuka kwe-Pathological

Ithambo liba buthaka uma kwenzeka i-osteosarcoma. Ezimweni ezimbalwa, ukuphuka kwe-pathological kungenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo noma kulandela ukuhlukumezeka okuncane.

I-chemotherapy yokuqala

Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza. Isekelwe kumakhemikhali akwazi ukuphikisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Endabeni ye-osteosarcoma, i-chemotherapy inganciphisa futhi inciphise i-tumor foci ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa

Ngemuva kwe-chemotherapy yokuqala, ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa ukuze kususwe sonke isimila.

I-chemotherapy yangemva kokuhlinzwa

Lokhu kwelashwa kwesibili nge-chemotherapy kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunciphisa ingozi yokuphinda.

immunotherapy

Lena indlela entsha yokwelapha umdlavuza. Kungaba umphelelisi noma enye indlela yokwelapha eshiwo ngenhla. Ucwaningo oluningi luyaqhubeka. Umgomo we-immunotherapy ukukhuthaza izivikeli mzimba zokulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Imvelaphi ye-osteosarcoma ayikaqondwa kahle. Ngokuvamile, ukuvimbela umdlavuza okwamanje kusekelwe ekugcineni impilo enempilo.

Kubuye kunconywe ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokungabaza okuncane. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kukhuthaza ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo futhi kunciphise ubungozi bezinkinga.