Okuqukethwe
I-toxocariasis ye-Ocular isilonda sesitho sombono ngokufuduka kwezibungu ze-helminth worms i-Toxocara canis. Ibutho lemvelo le-toxocara lingabameleli bomndeni wezinja (izinja, izimpisi, izimpungushe), ngokuvamile amakati abathwali bezibungu. Izibungu azifuni ukungena emzimbeni womuntu, futhi ukutheleleka kwenzeka kaningi ngengozi. Ayikwazi ukuthuthuka ibe i-toxocara yomuntu omdala emzimbeni womuntu.
Ukulimala kwamehlo yizibungu ze-toxocara kubonakala kuyaqabukela, akukho ngaphezu kwe-9% yazo zonke izimo ze-toxocariasis ezilotshwe kubantu.
I-toxocariasis ye-Ocular iqala kaningi lapho inani elincane lezibungu lingena emzimbeni womuntu. Asikho isibungu esingaphezu kwesisodwa esitholakala kakhulu esweni. Iningi lamacala ngabantu asebekhulile, nakuba izingane nazo zisengozini yokuhlaselwa.
Zonke izimo ze-ocular toxocariasis zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili ayisisekelo:
I-endophthalmitis engapheli ene-exudation;
I-granulomas eyodwa.
Amacala okuqala e-ocular toxocariasis awachazwanga kudala, kuma-50s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli zangeniswa kodokotela bamehlo ngokuxilongwa kwe-retinoblastoma nesifo sika-Coates. Nokho, kamuva bathola izibungu ze-nematode nama-capsules e-hyaline.
Izinkinga ze-ocular toxocariasis
Izimbangela ze-ocular toxocariasis zitholakala ekungeneni kwesibungu emzimbeni womuntu nasekufudukeleni kwaso esitho sombono. Ukutheleleka nge-toxocara kwenzeka ngomzila we-fecal-oral.
Imithombo engaba khona yokuhlasela:
Umhlabathi oqukethe amaqanda e-helminth. Ingangeniswa emgudwini wesisu somuntu uma imithetho yokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu ingalandelwa, ngokudla amajikijolo angacutshungulwanga kahle, imifino, izithelo.
Ngezinye izifo ezingokwengqondo, isibonelo, lapho abantu bedla umhlaba ukuze badle.
Amaqanda e-Toxocara athwalwa yizinja, kuhlanganise nemidlwane. Ngaphezu kokutholakala endle, amaqanda avame ukunamathela eboyeni bawo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthintana nezilwane kungaba yingozi, ikakhulukazi uma izandla zingagezwanga kahle ngensipho namanzi ngemva kokuthintana.
Amaqanda e-Toxocara athwalwa amaphela. Ziyawadla, emva kwalokho akhiphe ukudla kwabantu okunamaqanda aphilayo.
Eqenjini lezingozi zokutheleleka nge-toxocariasis ye-ocular kukhona odokotela bezilwane, abasebenzi bezikhungo zokwamukela izilwane, izingane ezineminyaka engu-3 kuya ku-5 ubudala, abazingeli, izakhamuzi zasehlobo, abalimi kanye nabanye abalimi.
Emzimbeni wenja, i-toxocara ifuduka ngokuvumelana nesimiso: i-gastrointestinal tract> portal vein> isibindi> i-atrium yangakwesokudla> amaphaphu> uqhoqhoqho> umphimbo> isisu> amathumbu, lapho i-toxocara igcina iphenduka umuntu ovuthiwe ngokobulili. Emzimbeni womuntu, azikho izimo zokuthi isibungu siqedele umjikelezo wokuphila. Ngakho-ke, i-toxocara ifuduka emzimbeni womuntu ize iyeke kwesinye noma kwesinye isitho ngaphansi kwethonya lokuzivikela komzimba, okungeke kuvumele ukuthi iqhubekele phambili. Ngemuva kwalokho, isibungu sesibungu sidala i-capsule eminyene nxazonke futhi singasebenzi isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, esithweni lapho kuma khona, ukuvuvukala okungapheli kuqala. Kulokhu, sikhuluma ngamehlo.
Izimpawu ze-ocular toxocariasis
Izimpawu ze-ocular toxocariasis kubantu zingabandakanya okulandelayo:
Ukuwohloka okubukhali kombono, kuze kufike ekulahlekelweni kwayo ingxenye noma okuphelele. Ezimweni eziningi, iso elilodwa kuphela elithintekayo.
Ukuphuma kwenhlamvu yeso ukusuka emzileni.
I-hyperemia enzima ye-conjunctiva.
Ububomvu bamajwabu amehlo, ukuvuvuka kwawo.
Ubuhlungu obukhulu emehlweni omlingiswa oqhumayo.
I-Strabismus.
Ukubona okufiphele.
Lapho isitho sombono sonakaliswa izibungu zezibungu, umuntu une-granulomas engxenyeni engemuva yeso, i-uevitis engapheli, i-endophthalmitis, i-keratitis, i-optic neuritis, izibungu ezifudukayo emzimbeni we-vitreous.
Ebuntwaneni, i-toxocariasis ye-ocular ibonakala ikakhulukazi ku-strabismus; lapho isibungu sinyakaza, isiguli siba ne-scotoma efudukayo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-toxocariasis ye-ocular
Ukwelashwa kwe-ocular toxocariasis ezinganeni nakubantu abadala kuncishiswa ekuqokweni kwemijovo ye-subconjunctival yesidakamizwa se-steroid i-Depo-Medrol. Lesi sidakamizwa se-glucocorticosteroid sikuvumela ukuthi ususe ukuvuvukala ebholeni leso futhi uqede isibungu sesibungu. Nokho, insika yokwelashwa ngokuvamile ukuhlinzwa. Nge-retinal detachment, ukulungiswa kwe-laser kuboniswa.
Ngokokuqala ngqá, intombazane eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala yelashelwa ngempumelelo i-ocular toxocariasis emuva ngo-1968. Yathola imijovo ye-subconjunctival ye-Depo-Medrol. Nokho, kwezinye izimo, umphumela walesi sidakamizwa awukho. Ngakho-ke, odokotela batusa ukusebenzisa uhlelo olufanayo lokwelapha i-toxocariasis yamehlo njengokuqeda ukuhlasela kwe-visceral parasitic. Okusho ukuthi, iziguli zinqunyelwe uhlobo olujwayelekile lwe-anthelmintic oluhlanganisa ukwelashwa okuhlangene.
Ukuze kukhishwe isiguli i-toxocariasis, iMintezol (Thiabendazole), i-Vermox (Mebendazole) ne-Ditrazine (i-Diethylcarbamazine) inqunywe. Umthamo ubalwa kuye ngesisindo somzimba womuntu.
Kukhona nolwazi mayelana nokukhululwa ngempumelelo kweziguli ku-ocular toxocariasis kusetshenziswa i-photo- kanye ne-laser coagulation. Lezi zinqubo zivumela ukubhubhisa i-toxocary granulomas (ulwelwesi lapho izibungu zitholakala khona).
Ngokuqondene ne-prognosis yokululama, kuncike ekuqineni kokuphazamiseka okubangelwa isibungu se-parasite kanye nesikhathi sokuhlasela.