Thei-infarction ye-myocardial kuhambisana nokubhujiswa kwengxenye yemisipha yenhliziyo ebizwa i-myocardium. Kwenzeka uma, isibonelo, a ihlwili kuvimbela igazi ukuba lijikeleze ngendlela evamile ngomthambo wenhliziyo, umthambo onikeza igazi enhliziyweni. Lona wakamuva ube unganiselwa kahle bese kulimala imisipha yenhliziyo.

I-myocardial infarction, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi isifo senhliziyo noma i-acute coronary syndrome, iyabulala cishe ku-10% wamacala. Ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala, kubalulekile ukuvimbela usizo. Usizo lokuqala luzonikezwa ku-ambulensi bese kudingeka ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Khona-ke, ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside kuzonikezwa, ikakhulukazi ukugwema ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo entsha noma ukubonakala kwezinkinga zenhliziyo. Lokhu kunakekelwa kwe-post-infarction kuzobandakanya ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa, ukuvuselelwa kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi noma izinguquko zokuphila.

I-myocardial infarction ibangelwa umthambo ovalekile, okuholela ekungeneni kahle kwe-oxygen yenhliziyo, futhi ngenxa yalokho ekubhujisweni kwengxenye ye-myocardium. Encishwe umoya-mpilo, amangqamuzana alo msipha ayafa: sikhuluma ngawo i-necrosis. I-myocardium ifinyela kancane, ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo kubonakala bese, uma kungekho okwenziwayo, inhliziyo iyayeka ukushaya. Ukuze ugweme lo mphumela obulalayo, kuyadingeka ukuvula umthambo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kodwa umthambo ungavaleka kanjani? Abanamacala ama-atheroma plaque. Ikakhulukazi yenziwe cholesterol, lawa ma-plaque angakha ezingeni lezindonga zemithambo yegazi, ngakho-ke emithanjeni ye-coronary, ehlinzeka ngenhliziyo. Uma i-atheromatous plaque iqhuma futhi yakha ihlule, ingabangela i-myocardial infarction.

Izimpawu ze-infarction ye-myocardial ziyisici esihle: ubuhlungu esifubeni, ukuphefumula, ukujuluka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile, ukungakhululeki esandleni noma engalweni, njll.

Nokho akhona infarct uthule. Umuntu onaso akabi nazo izimpawu. Ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo okuthule kungase kungabonakali kodwa kutholakale ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okufana ne-EKG. Lokhu kuhlasela kwenhliziyo okuthulile kuvame ukukhathaza kakhulu abantu abanesifo sikashukela.

khumbula : Inhliziyo iyiphampu esabalalisa igazi kuzo zonke izitho zomzimba. I-myocardium inesibopho sokunisela umzimba ngegazi ngakho-ke umoya-mpilo. 

Ukuvama

Kukhona eFrance cishe i-100.000 myocardial infarction ngonyaka. Bangaphezu kuka-5% abathintekile bazofa lingakapheli ihora, cishe u-15% ngonyaka olandelayo. Leli zinga lokufa lehle kakhulu eminyakeni eyi-10, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusabela kwe-SAMU kanye nokusungulwa kwezinsizakalo zokungenelela zenhliziyo. Izibalo zase-US zikhuluma ngamacala onyaka angama-8000.00 kanye nokusinda okungama-90 kuye kwangama-95% ezigulini ezilaliswe esibhedlela ngemuva kwe-myocardial infarction.

kwesifo

Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ngokuvamile ziyisici futhi zivumela udokotela ukuba enze ukuxilongwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kuxilongwa kuzoqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene nokuhlolwa okufana ne-electrocardiogram. I-ECG izovumela ukubonwa kweumsebenzi kagesi kwenhliziyo futhi ngaleyo ndlela, ukuthola i-anomaly. Izoveza ukuthi isifo senhliziyo sesiqalile noma siyenzeka. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuzothola ukuba khona kwama-enzyme enhliziyo egazini aveza umonakalo engxenyeni yenhliziyo. I-x-ray ingase idingeke, ikakhulukazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amaphaphu awathinteki. I-coronary angiography, i-x-ray evumela ukubonakala kwemithambo yenhliziyo, ingakwazi futhi ukubona ukwehla kobubanzi bale mithambo kanye nokuba khona kwe-atheromatous plaque.

Izimbangela

Ukuba khona i-atheroma plaque, eyakhiwa ngokuyinhloko i-cholesterol, ingase ichaze ukubukeka kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Lolu qwembe lungavimba umthambo wenhliziyo futhi luvimbele inhliziyo ukuba inikezwe igazi elifanele.

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yolunye uhlobo ama-spasms ezingeni le-coronary artery. Khona-ke ukugeleza kwegazi kuyaphazamiseka. Lesi sifo singabangelwa isidakamizwa esifana ne-cocaine. Ingase futhi ibonakale ngemva kokukhala komthambo wenhliziyo noma lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuncipha kakhulu, uma kwenzeka umfutho wegazi uphansi kakhulu ngokwesibonelo, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-hypovolemic shock.

Izinkinga

Izinkinga zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu bendawo yesisipha senhliziyo ithintwa ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo. Uma indawo inkulu, kuba bucayi kakhulu izinkinga. Umuntu angase abe nakho i-arrhythmia, okusho ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma ngisho nezinkinga ngeyodwa yamavalvu enhliziyo, i-valve okungenzeka ukuthi ilimele ngesikhathi sokuhlasela. Ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo nakho kungaba nzima ngokushaywa unhlangothi. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okusha nakho kungenzeka.

Ingozi yezinkinga izohlolwa kusetshenziswa izivivinyo ezintsha: i-ECG, i-ultrasound, i-coronary angiography, i-scintigraphy (ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo) noma ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa nakho kuzobekwa.