Ithole (kusuka ku-Old French soft, soft) yindawo enenyama etholakala engxenyeni engemuva yomlenze, phakathi kwengemuva ledolo neqakala.

Isimo kanye nesakhiwo. Inkonyane ikweleta ukuma nokwakheka kwayo emisipheni eyihlanganisayo futhi evela engxenyeni engemuva nengaphandle yomlenze.

Imisipha. Itholakala endaweni engemuva, i-triceps sural muscle yenza inkonyane libe nokuma. Umsipha we-sural triceps wakhiwe ngamaxhaka amathathu: i-lateral gastrocnemius, i-medial gastrocnemius kanye ne-solar muscle, etholakala ngaphansi kwe-gastrocnemius emibili. (1) I-sural triceps inqamula ku-Achilles tendon. Imisipha emibili yekhompatimenti yangaphandle nayo yakha ithole: i-lateral fibular yinde kanye ne-lateral fibular short.

I-Vascularization ne-innervation. I-triceps ye-sural muscle ayinakwenzeka yi-tibial nerve (2). Imisipha yekhompatimenti yangaphandle ayinakuvinjelwa yi-surficial peroneal nerve. (3) Yonke i-vascularized by the posterior tibial and fibular arteries.

I-Plantar flexion. Imisipha yethole ihileleke ekuguqukeni kwe-plantar kweqakala. (2)

I-Eversion yonyawo. Imisipha yengxenye yangaphandle inesibopho sokushintshwa konyawo, okusho ukunyakaza okuletha ubuso be-plantar ngaphandle.

Ukuqiniswa konyawo. Indima yemisipha yengxenye yangaphandle iwukuzinzisa unyawo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi se-plantar flexion. (4)

AmaTendinopathies. Baqoka wonke ama-pathologies angenzeka kuma-tendon. Ngokuyinhloko zibonakaliswa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuzikhandla. Izimbangela zalezi pathologies zingahlukahluka. Umsuka ungaba ngaphakathi kanye nokuthambekela kofuzo, njengokuvela ngaphandle, ngokwesibonelo, kube nezikhundla ezimbi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwezemidlalo (5).

Ubuhlungu bemisipha ngaphandle kwezilonda

• Inkontileka. Kungukuncipha okungazibandakanyi, okubuhlungu nokuhlala unomphela kwemisipha.
• I-cramp. Ihambisana nokuncipha okungazibandakanyi, okubuhlungu nokwesikhashana kwemisipha.

Ukulimala kwemisipha. Ithole lingaba indawo yokulimala kwemisipha, ehambisana nobuhlungu.

• Ukunwebeka. Isigaba sokuqala sokulimala kwemisipha, ukunwebeka kufana nokwelula imisipha okubangelwa ama-microtear futhi okuholele ekuhlelweni kwemisipha.
• Ukuwohloka. Isigaba sesibili sokulimala kwemisipha, ukonakala kufana nokuqhuma kwemicu yemisipha.

MADUZE UBUYA. Isigaba sokugcina sokulimala kwemisipha, sihambisana nokuqhekeka okuphelele komsipha.

I-Varicose veins. Le pathology ihambisana nokuvuleka okungavamile kwemithambo. Ngokuthinta inethiwekhi ye-venous engaphezulu yemilenze engezansi, imithambo ye-varicose ibonakala ebusweni bethole. Zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nobuhlungu kanye nobunzima obuzwakala emilenzeni.

Izidakamizwa zokwelapha. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholakele, ukwelashwa okuhlukile kungabekwa ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala.

Ukwelashwa okuyizimpawu. Esimweni se-varicose veins, ukucindezela kwe-elastic kungase kunqunywe ukunciphisa ukuvuleka kwemithambo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Endovascular. Lokhu ukwelashwa okwenziwa ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.

Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-pathology olutholakele, kungahlinzwa.

Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba. Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezithile zokuzivocavoca, kungabekwa njenge-physiotherapy noma i-physiotherapy.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuze kugcinwe futhi kuhlolwe izimpawu ezibonwa yisiguli.

Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe zezokwelapha. Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, i-CT, noma i-MRI kungasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa noma ukuqhubekisela phambili ukuxilongwa.

I-Doppler ultrasound. Le ultrasound ethize yenza kube nokwenzeka ukubona ukugeleza kwegazi. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuxilonga imithambo ye-varicose.