“Ubisi akuyona into embi!”

Jean-Michel Lecerf, yiziphi izinzuzo ezifakazelwe zokudla okunomsoco zobisi?

Inzuzo yokuqala ukwakheka kobisi ngendlela engavamile ngokwamaprotheni. Ziphakathi kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi eziphelele futhi zihlanganisa kokubili amaprotheni asheshayo futhi ahamba kancane. Ikakhulukazi, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi iphrotheni ehlukanisiwe nobisi yenza kube nokwenzeka ukwandisa kakhulu izinga le-plasma lama-amino acid athile, ikakhulukazi i-leucine egazini, ukuvimbela ukuguga kwemisipha.

Okulandelayo, amafutha obisi aqukethe izinhlobo ezihlukene kakhulu zama-fatty acids. Lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke amafutha obisi ayathakazelisa, kodwa amanye ama-fatty acids amancane anemiphumela engavamile emisebenzini eminingi.

Okokugcina, ubisi wukudla okuqukethe ukwehlukahlukana okukhulu kwama-micronutrients ngenani nangobuningi, okuhlanganisa ne-calcium, kodwa futhi ne-iodine, i-phosphorus, i-selenium, i-magnesium ... Mayelana namavithamini, umnikelo wobisi unamandla ngoba uzohlinzeka phakathi kuka-10 no- U-20% wokudla okunconyiwe.

Ingabe ucwaningo luye lwakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi ukuphuza ubisi kunenzuzo empilweni?

Ngempela, ukudla okunomsoco kungenye into, kodwa impilo ingenye. Ngokukhula, ucwaningo luchaza izinzuzo zezempilo ezingavamile ngezindlela ezingalindelekile. Okokuqala, kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kobisi kanye nokuvimbela i-metabolic syndrome kanye nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Izifundo ziningi kakhulu futhi ubudlelwano bembangela nomphumela kungenzeka kakhulu. Siyazi lokhu ngenxa yama-fatty acids athile akhethekile atholakala emafutheni obisi kuphela. Khona-ke, ucwaningo luvame ukuzuza obisini engozini yenhliziyo futhi ikakhulukazi ekuhlaselweni kwenhliziyo kokuqala. Kungase kuhlobane ne-calcium kodwa akukho okungaqiniseki. Kuphinde kube nomthelela omuhle wobisi esisindweni ngenxa yezizathu zokusutha nokusutha, ukwehla okucacile nokuqinisekisiwe komdlavuza we-colorectal kanye nesithakazelo esiqondile sobisi ekuvimbeleni i-sarcopenia ehlobene neminyaka kanye nokungondleki kahle.

Kuthiwani ngesixhumanisi okuthiwa sihlobene ne-osteoporosis?

Mayelana nokuqhekeka, kukhona ukuntuleka kwezifundo zokungenelela ezisemthethweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi ucwaningo lokubheka lubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi labo abadla ubisi basengozini encane kunalabo abangaludli. Inqobo nje uma ungadli kakhulu, ngokocwaningo lwakamuva lwe-BMJ (ingozi yokushona kusenesikhathi icishe iphindwe kabili kwabesifazane abaphuza izingilazi zobisi ezi-3 ngosuku noma ngaphezulu ngokwalolu cwaningo, inothi lomhleli). Ucwaningo lokungenelela olwenziwa ekuxinekeni kwamaminerali amathambo lukhombisa umphumela omuhle, kodwa kunezifundo ezimbalwa kakhulu ezitholakalayo ngokuphuka kanye ne-osteoporosis ukuze kusungulwe isixhumanisi esiqondile.

Ngokuphambene, uke wezwa ngezifundo ezibonisa ukuxhumana phakathi kobisi nezimo ezithile?

Kukhona izifundo ezimbalwa ezithinta ubisi ekuveleni komdlavuza wendlala yesinye. I-WCRF (World Cancer Research Fund International), nokho, isanda kukhipha umbono othakazelisa kakhulu lapho umthwalo wobisi uhlelwe kabusha ngokuthi “ubufakazi obulinganiselwe”. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kusabuyekezwa. Ucwaningo lokuhlola lubonisa ukuthi uma kukhona isixhumanisi, kungenxa yokudla okuphezulu kakhulu, kwe-oda lika-1,5 kuya ku-2 wamalitha obisi ngosuku. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo ezilwaneni lubonisa ukuthi umthamo ophezulu we-calcium uhlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe futhi, ngokuphambene, imikhiqizo yobisi ihlotshaniswa nokuncipha. Ngakho-ke ukuqapha kuwukweluleka ukuthi ungadli imikhiqizo yobisi eningi kakhulu, okusho ukuthi okungenani ilitha elilodwa noma amabili, noma okufanayo. Kubonakala kunengqondo.

Ubisi luvame ukusolwa ngokuthi luqukethe izinto ezikhulayo ezingadala umdlavuza. Kuyini ngempela?

Kwaba khona ngempela ukungqubuzana okuphelele okwakuyisihloko sokudluliselwa ku-ANSES ngalezi zici zokukhula. Njengoba kunje, abukho ubudlelwane obumisiwe bembangela nomphumela. Nokho, kusobala ukuthi umuntu akufanele adle amaprotheni amaningi.

Kunezici zokukhula egazini ezikhuthaza izici ezifana ne-estrogen. Futhi itholakala emikhiqizweni yobisi. Lezi zici zimunca kahle kakhulu enganeni, futhi zisebenza kahle kakhulu ngoba zikhona obisini lwabesifazane futhi zisetshenziselwa ukukhulisa ingane. Kodwa, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kunama-enzyme abangela ukuthi lezi zici zokukhula ziyeke ukumuncwa. Futhi noma kunjalo, ukufudumeza kwe-UHT kucisha ngokuphelele. Eqinisweni, ngakho-ke, akuwona ama-hormone okukhula obisini anesibopho samazinga ama-hormone okukhula ajikeleza egazini, kungenye into. Ngamaprotheni. Amaprotheni enza isibindi senze izici zokukhula ezitholakala ekuhambeni kwegazi. Amaprotheni amaningi kakhulu ngakho-ke izici eziningi zokukhula azifiseleki: lokhu kunomthelela ebukhulu obukhulu bezingane, kodwa futhi nokukhuluphala futhi mhlawumbe, ngokweqile, kumphumela wokukhuthaza isimila. Izingane zisebenzisa amaprotheni amaningi izikhathi ezi-4 uma ziqhathaniswa nokudla okunconyiwe!

Kodwa ubisi akuwona kuphela obhekene nalesi simo: wonke amaprotheni, kuhlanganise nalawo atholakala ezitshalweni analo mphumela.

Ingabe uyaqonda ukuthi sifulathela ubisi bese sikhetha eminye imikhiqizo efana neziphuzo zemifino?

Ekondlekeni, bayanda abantu abaya emkhankasweni wokulwa nokudla, ama-Ayatollah. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungase kukhathaze ochwepheshe abathile bezempilo abangenawo amandla okudla okunempilo futhi abangenakho ukuqina kwesayensi. Uma ungusosayensi, uvulelekile kukho konke: une-hypothesis futhi uzama ukuthola ukuthi kuyiqiniso yini. Kodwa-ke, abaphikisi bobisi abahambi ngale ndlela, bathi ubisi luyingozi futhi bazame konke ukulubonisa.

Izazi eziningana zokudla okunomsoco zibika ukuthi abanye abantu bazizwa bengcono kakhulu ngemva kokuyeka ukudla ubisi. Ukuchaza kanjani?

Ngiyayazi le nto njengoba ngiphinde ngibe ngudokotela futhi cishe sengibone iziguli ezingama-50 kuye kwezingu-000 emsebenzini wami. Kunezimo eziningana. Okokuqala, ubisi lungaba nesibopho sezinkinga ezifana nokungabekezelelani kwe-lactose. Lokhu kubangela izinkinga, hhayi ezinkulu kodwa ezicasulayo, ezihlala zixhunyaniswa nenani kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wobisi osetshenzisiwe. Ukungezwani komzimba namaprotheni obisi lwenkomo nakho kungenzeka. Kulezi zimo, ukumisa ubisi empeleni kuzodala ukunyamalala kwezinkinga ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwalo.

Kwezinye izigaba zabantu, umuzwa wenhlalakahle ngemva kokuyeka ubisi ungase uhlotshaniswe noshintsho emikhubeni yokudla. Le miphumela ayihlobene ngempela nokudla okuthile, kodwa noshintsho. Uma ushintsha imikhuba yakho, isibonelo, uma uzilile, uzozizwa izinto ezahlukene ngomzimba wakho. Kodwa ingabe le miphumela izosimama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi? Ingabe kuthiwa zibangelwa ubisi? Umphumela we-placebo akufanele futhi unganakwa, okuwumphumela omkhulu womuthi. Ucwaningo lwabantu abangakwazi ukubekezelela i-lactose lubonise ukuthi izimpawu zabo ziba ngcono uma benikezwa ubisi olungenayo i-lactose noma i-lactose kodwa ngaphandle kokubatshela ukuthi yimuphi umkhiqizo abawuphuzayo.

Abagxeki bobisi bathi indawo yokwamukela ubisi izoba nomthelela ku-PNNS (Program National Nutrition Santé). Uchaza kanjani ukuthi iziphathimandla zincoma imikhiqizo yobisi emi-3 kuya kwemi-4 ngosuku kuyilapho i-WHO incoma kuphela ama-400 kuya ku-500 mg we-calcium ngosuku (ingilazi yobisi inikeza cishe ama-300 mg)?

Abasenga bayawenza umsebenzi wabo kodwa akubona abayalela iPNNS izincomo. Akumangalisi ukuthi izikhungo zobisi zifuna ukuthengisa imikhiqizo yazo. Ukuthi bafuna ukuthonya, mhlawumbe. Kodwa ekugcineni, ososayensi abanqumayo. Kungangishaqisa ukuthi i-PNNS njenge-ANSES ihola imikhiqizo yobisi. Ku-WHO, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uqinisile. Izincomo ze-WHO azinayo nhlobo inhloso efanayo naleyo yezinhlangano zokuphepha kwezempilo noma i-PNNS ehlinzeka ngokudla okunconyiwe. Eqinisweni, kuningi ukungezwani. I-WHO ithatha ngokuthi iqondiswe kubo bonke abantu emhlabeni nokuthi inhloso okungenani iwukufinyelela umkhawulo wabantu abasemazingeni aphansi kakhulu. Uma unezibalo zabantu ezidla ama-300 noma ama-400 mg we-calcium ngosuku, uma ubatshela ukuthi umgomo ngu-500 mg, lokho ubuncane. Lezi izincomo eziyisisekelo zokuphepha, uma ubheka lokho okutuswa yi-WHO ngamakhalori, amafutha, akufani futhi. Tadisha izincomo mayelana ne-calcium kuzo zonke izikhungo zokuphepha kokudla emazweni amaningi ase-Asia noma aseNtshonalanga, cishe sihlala sisezingeni elifanayo, okungukuthi cishe u-800 no-900 mg we-calcium enconywayo. Ekugcineni, kumbalwa noma akukho ukuphikisana. Inhloso ye-WHO ukulwa nokungondleki.

Ucabangani ngalo mbono wokuthi ubisi kwandisa ingozi yesifo esingelapheki?

Akushiwo ngaphandle ukuthi ubisi kwandisa ingozi yezifo zamathumbu, isifo samathambo, izifo ezivuthayo… Kuyinkolelo-mbono engenzeka, akukho lutho okufanele lukhishwe. Abanye benza lesi simangalo ngenxa yokwanda kokungena kwamathumbu. Inkinga wukuthi alukho ucwaningo olugunyaza lokho. Kuyacasula impela. Uma kukhona abacwaningi ababona lesi sigameko, kungani bengazishicileli? Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma sibheka izifundo esezivele zivele, asikuboni nhlobo lokhu njengoba kukhombisa ukuthi ubisi lungaba nomphumela wokulwa nokuvuvukala. Ngakho-ke uchaza kanjani ukuthi ubisi lomtholampilo luba yi-pro-inflammatory? Kunzima ukukuqonda… Ezinye zeziguli zami zalumisa ubisi, zaba nokuthuthuka okuthile, kwathi ngemva kwesikhashana, konke kwabuya.

Angiluvikeli ubisi, kodwa angihambisani nombono wokuthi ubisi ludluliswa njengokudla okubi futhi kufanele senze ngaphandle kwalo. Lokhu kuyinhlekisa futhi kungaba yingozi ikakhulukazi ekumbozweni kokuthatha okunconyiwe. Ihlala ibuyela entweni efanayo, ukudla kakhulu noma yikuphi ukudla akukuhle.

Buyela ekhasini lokuqala lenhlolovo enkulu yobisi

Abavikeli bayo

UJean-Michel Lecerf

Inhloko yoMnyango Wezokudla e-Institut Pasteur de Lille

“Ubisi akuyona into embi!”

Phinda ufunde ingxoxo

UMarie-Claude Bertiere

Umqondisi womnyango we-CNIEL kanye nesazi sokudla

“Ukungabi namikhiqizo yobisi kuholela ekuntuleni okungaphezu kwe-calcium”

Funda ingxoxo

Abahlambalazi bakhe

UMarion Kaplan

I-bio-nutritionist ekhethekile kwezokwelapha amandla

"Alukho ubisi ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu"

Funda ingxoxo

UHerve Berbille

Unjiniyela ku-agrifood futhi uthweswe iziqu ku-ethno-pharmacology.

"Zimbalwa izinzuzo nezingozi eziningi!"

Funda ingxoxo