• I-Chloroquine iwumuthi oshibhile futhi osetshenziswa kakhulu umalaleveva. Kodwa-ke, ezifundeni eziningi, ikakhulukazi e-Afrika, izimuncagazi sezimelana nemithi ejwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imithi esetshenziswayo ayisasebenzi ekwelapheni lesi sifo;
• Imithi ethile, esekelwe ku-artemisinin, isetshenziswa emithanjeni futhi ikhethekile ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu.

I-antimalarial yemvelo ethembisayo.

artemisinin, into ehlukaniswe nemugwort yemvelo (Isikhumbuzo se-Artemisia) isetshenziselwe izifo ezihlukahlukene emithini yaseShayina iminyaka engu-2000. Abacwaningi baseShayina baqala ukuba nesithakazelo kuyo phakathi neMpi YaseVietnam njengoba amasosha amaningi aseVietnam abulawa umalaleveva ngemva kokuhlala emaxhaphozini amanzi amile egcwele omiyane. Kodwa-ke, lesi sitshalo saziwa ezindaweni ezithile zaseShayina futhi sisetshenziswa ngendlela yetiye lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala ze-malaria. Udokotela waseShayina kanye nesazi semvelo u-Li Shizhen wathola ukusebenza kwayo ekubulaleni I-Plasmodium falsiparum, ngekhulu le-1972. Ku-XNUMX, uProfesa Youyou Tu we-artemisinin, into esebenzayo yesitshalo.

Ngeminyaka yawo-1990, lapho sibona ukukhula kokumelana nezimuncagazi emithini evamile njenge-chloroquine, i-artemisinin yanikeza ithemba elisha ekulweni nesifo. Igolide, I-artemisinin yenza buthaka i-parasite kodwa ayilibulali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isetshenziswa kuqala iyodwa, bese ihlanganiswa neminye imithi elwa nomalaleveva. Ngeshwa, ukumelana kuyakhula futhi kusukela ngo-2009⁴, kukhona ukwanda kokumelana kwe P. falciparum i-artemisinin ezingxenyeni zase-Asia. Umzabalazo oqhubekayo wokuvuselela.

Bona izindaba ezimbili kuwebhusayithi ye-Passeport Santé eziphathelene ne-artemisinin:

https://www.passeportsante.net/fr/Actualites/Nouvelles/Fiche.aspx?doc=2003082800

https://www.passeportsante.net/fr/Actualites/Nouvelles/Fiche.aspx?doc=2004122000

Ukumelana nezidakamizwa ze-antimalarial.

Ukuvela kokungazweli emishanguzweni yizinambuzane zikamalaleveva kuyinto ekhathazayo. Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi umalaleveva ubangela inani elikhulu lokufa, kodwa ukwelashwa okungasebenzi kungaba nemiphumela ebalulekile ekuqedweni kwesikhathi eside kwalesi sifo.

Ukwelashwa okungakhethwanga kahle noma okuphazanyisiwe kuvimbela amagciwane ekuqedeni ngokuphelele emzimbeni womuntu onegciwane. Izimuncagazi ezisindayo, ezingazweli kangako emuthini, ziyazalana. Ngezinqubo zofuzo ezishesha kakhulu, izinhlobo zezizukulwane ezilandelayo ziyakwazi ukumelana nomuthi.

Kwenzeka okufanayo phakathi nezinhlelo zokulawulwa kwezidakamizwa eziningi ezindaweni ezitholakala kakhulu. Imithamo esetshenziswayo ivamise ukuba mincane kakhulu ukuthi ingabulala i-parasite okuthi kamuva ibe nokungazweli.

Umalaleveva, lapho umgomo?

Awukho umuthi wokugomela umalaleveva okwamanje ogunyazwe ukusetshenziswa abantu. Amagciwane kamalaleveva yisidalwa esinomjikelezo wokuphila onzima futhi ama-antigen aso ahlala eshintsha. Imisebenzi eminingi yocwaningo okwamanje iyaqhubeka ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele. Phakathi kwalokhu, okuthuthuke kakhulu kusesigabeni sezivivinyo zemitholampilo (isigaba sesi-3) sokwenziwa komuthi wokugomela. P. falciparum (Umuthi wokugomela i-RTS, S / AS01) uqondise kubantwana emavikini angu-6-14². Imiphumela kulindeleke ukuthi ikhishwe ngo-2014.