I-Matsutake (i-Tricholoma matsutake)

Okuhlelekile:
  • Isigaba: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
  • Ukuhlukaniswa iziqephu: I-Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
  • Ikilasi: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
  • Isigaba esingaphansi: I-Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
  • I-oda: I-Agaricales (i-Agaric noma i-Lamellar)
  • Umndeni: Tricholomataceae (Tricholomovye noma Ryadovkovye)
  • Uhlobo: Tricholoma (Tricholoma noma Ryadovka)
  • Uhlobo: I-Tricholoma matsutake (Matsutake)
  • I-Tricholoma nauseosum;
  • Indawo yezikhali enesicanucanu;
  • I-Armillaria matsutake.

I-Matsutake (i-Tricholoma matsutake) isithombe nencazelo

I-Matsutake (i-Tricholoma matsutake) isikhunta esiyingxenye yohlobo lwe-Tricholome.

Incazelo yangaphandle yesikhunta

I-Matsutake (i-Tricholoma matsutake) inomzimba othela izithelo onekepisi nesiqu. Inyama yayo imhlophe ngombala, ibonakala ngephunga elimnandi elibabayo, elifana nephunga lesinamoni. Ikepisi linombala onsundu, futhi kumakhowe avuthiwe navuthwe ngokweqile, indawo yawo engaphezulu iyaqhekeka kanye namakhowe amhlophe alunguza kule mifantu. Ngokuya kobubanzi balo, i-cap yaleli khowe likhulu impela, linomumo oyindilinga-convex, i-tubercle yobubanzi obukhulu ibonakala kahle kuyo. Ingaphezulu le-cap yomile, ekuqaleni imhlophe-noma i-brownish, ibushelelezi. Kamuva, kuzovela izikali ezinama-fibrous. Imiphetho yesigqoko samakhowe ifakwe kancane; imicu kanye neveli elisele kuvame ukubonakala kuzo.

I-hymenophore ye-fruiting body imelelwa uhlobo lwe-lamellar. Amapuleti abonakala ngokhilimu noma umbala omhlophe, oshintsha ube nsundu ngokucindezela okunamandla kuwo noma ukulimala. I-pulp yamakhowe iminyene kakhulu futhi iminyene, ikhipha iphunga le-pear-sinamoni, inambitha ithambile, ishiya i-aftertaste ebabayo.

Umlenze wamakhowe uminyene impela futhi uminyene, ubude bawo bungasuka ku-9 kuye ku-25 cm, kanti ukujiya buyi-1.5-3 cm. Inwebeka ifinyelele esisekelweni ngendlela yeklabhu. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngokuphambene nalokho, kunganciphisa. Ibonakala ngombala omhlophe omhlophe kanye nendandatho yefibrous ensundu engalingani. I-powdery coating iyabonakala ngaphezu kwayo, futhi ingxenye engezansi yomlenze wamakhowe imbozwe ngezikali ze-walnut-brown fibrous.

Umlenze ubonakala ngombala onsundu omnyama nobude obukhulu. Kunzima kakhulu ukuyikhipha emhlabathini.

I-Matsutake (i-Tricholoma matsutake) isithombe nencazeloIndawo yokuhlala nesikhathi sokuthela izithelo

Ikhowe leMatsutake, igama lalo elihunyushwe lisuselwa kuJapan njengekhowe likaphayini, likhula ikakhulukazi e-Asia, eChina naseJapan, eNyakatho Melika naseNyakatho Yurophu. Imila eduze kwezihlahla, ivame ukucasha ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile. Isici esiphawulekayo sekhowe le-matsutake yi-symbiosis yalo nezimpande zezihlahla ezinamandla ezikhula ezindaweni ezithile. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, eNyakatho Melika, isikhunta siyi-symbiosis ngephayini noma i-fir, futhi eJapane - ngephayini ebomvu. Ithanda ukukhula emhlabathini ongavundile futhi owomile, yenza amakoloni ohlobo lwendandatho. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi njengoba lolu hlobo lwamakhowe luvuthwa, inhlabathi engaphansi kwe-mycelium ngesizathu esithile iphenduka ibe mhlophe. Uma ngokuzumayo ukuvunda komhlabathi kukhuphuka, indawo enjalo iba engafanele ukukhula okuqhubekayo kweMatsutake (Tricholoma matsutake). Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka uma inani lamagatsha awelayo namaqabunga amadala landa.

Fruiting matsutake begins in September, and continues until October. On the territory of the Federation, this type of fungus is common in the Southern Urals, the Urals, the Far East and Primorye, Eastern and Southern Siberia.

I-Matsutake (i-Tricholoma matsutake) iwuhlobo lwe-mycorrhizal lwe-oki nophayini, olutholakala emahlathini e-oki-pine kanye nekaphayini. Imizimba ye-fruiting ye-fungus itholakala kuphela ngamaqembu.

Ukudleka

Ikhowe leMatsutake (i-Tricholoma matsutake) liyadliwa, futhi ungalisebenzisa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo, kokubili liluhlaza futhi libilisiwe, liyisitshulu noma elithosiwe. Ikhowe libonakala ngokuthandeka okuphezulu, kwesinye isikhathi liyafakwa emanzini anosawoti noma lifakwe usawoti, kodwa kaningi lidliwa lilisha. Ingomiswa. I-pulp yomzimba othelayo iyanwebeka, futhi ukunambitheka kucacile, njengephunga (i-matsutake iphunga njenge-resin). Yaziswa kakhulu ngama-gourmets. I-Matsutake ingamiswa.

Izinhlobo ezifanayo, izici ezihlukile kuzo

Ngo-1999, ososayensi baseSweden, uDanell kanye noBergius, benza ucwaningo olwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukunquma ukuthi ikhowe laseSweden i-Tricholoma nauseosum, phambilini eyayibhekwa njengenhlobo efanayo ne-matsutake yaseJapane, empeleni iyinhlobo efanayo yamakhowe. Imiphumela esemthethweni ye-DNA yokuqhathanisa ivumele ukwandisa kakhulu inani lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwalolu hlobo lwamakhowe kusuka eScandinavia kuya eJapane. Futhi isizathu esiyinhloko sesidingo esinjalo somkhiqizo kwakuwukunambitheka kwawo okumnandi kanye nephunga elimnandi lamakhowe.

shiya impendulo