Bambalwa kithi abake bezwa ngesitshalo saseParaguay holly. Mhlawumbe ngoba ikhula eNingizimu Melika kuphela, ezindaweni zase-Argentina naseParaguay. Kodwa yilesi sitshalo esingenasizotha nesingenasici esinikeza abantu umngane womshado - noma i-yerbu mate - isiphuzo esinikezwa amaNdiya unkulunkulu onamehlo aluhlaza uPaya Sharume. I-Mate emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka yasiza kuqala amaNdiya aphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima ze-selva, kwase kuba abelusi-gaucho. Manje izakhamizi zama-megacities ziya ngokuya ziphendukela ezimpahleni zayo eziyingqayizivele, impilo yazo efana ne-squirrel egijima esondweni. Umlingani uvuselela futhi ufudumale, upholisa futhi unondle, futhi amasiko okuphuza afana nomkhuba wangempela - ongaqondakali futhi othakazelisayo, njengeNingizimu Melika ngokwayo.
I-Mate ibhekwa ngokufanelekile njengesiphuzo esidala kunazo zonke emhlabeni: ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesikhombisa BC, amaNdiya aseNingizimu Melika ayesihlonipha njengesipho esivela konkulunkulu. Kunenganekwane yamaNdiya aseParaguay mayelana necansi: ngandlela-thile unkulunkulu onamehlo aluhlaza uPaya Sharume wanquma ukwehla esuka eNtabeni Yezwe aye eMhlabeni ukuze abone ukuthi abantu baphila kanjani. Yena nedlanzana labahamba naye bahamba isikhathi eside benqamula i-selva, bengenakudla namanzi, kwaze kwaba, ekugcineni, babona iqhugwane elinesizungu. Lalihlala ikhehla nendodakazi yalo enhle ngendlela emangalisayo. Ikhehla labingelela izivakashi ngomusa, laphakela inkukhu yalo okuwukuphela kwalo isidlo sakusihlwa lase lilungiselela indawo yokulala. Ngakusasa ekuseni, uPaya Sharume wabuza ikhehla ukuthi kungani behlala ngasese. Phela, intombazane yobuhle obunjalo obungavamile idinga umkhwenyana ocebile. Laphendula ikhehla lathi ubuhle bendodakazi yalo ngobukankulunkulu. Emangele, uPaya Sharume wanquma ukubonga abaphethe izihambi: wafundisa ikhehla ukulima, walidlulisela ulwazi lokuphulukisa, wabe esephendula indodakazi yakhe enhle yaba isitshalo esizosiza abantu - hhayi ngobuhle bayo, kodwa ngosizo. izakhiwo.
Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, ukubuyiswa kwezwekazi laseYurophu kwaqala, futhi izindela zamaJesuit zaseSpain zafunda ngalo mat. Kwakuvela kubo ukuthi isiphuzo sathatha igama laso elingokomlando elithi "umlingani", kodwa leli gama lisho ithanga elomisiwe - mati, lapho "itiye laseParaguay" lidakwa khona. AmaNdiya angamaGuarani ngokwawo ayeyibiza ngokuthi “yerba”, okusho ukuthi “utshani”.
AmaJesuit ayebheka isiko lokuphuza umngane womshado embuthanweni njengesiko likaSathane, futhi isiphuzo ngokwaso sasibhekwa njengomuthi oklanyelwe ukuthakatha nokubhubhisa, ngakho isiko lokuphuza umngane womshado laqedwa ngonya. Ngakho, UPadre Diego de Torres wathi amaNdiya aphuza umlingani ukuze ahlanganise ukusebenzelana kwawo nodeveli.
Kodwa-ke, ngandlela thile, umngane womshado njengelukuluku waqala ukungena eYurophu kakade ngaphansi kwegama elithi "itiye lamaJesuit".
Umama waphinde wakhunjulwa phakathi XIX ikhulu leminyaka ngemva kochungechunge lwezinguquko zenkululeko eNingizimu Melika: njengophawu lobuzwe, wathatha indawo yokuhlonishwa etafuleni hhayi nje yabantu abavamile, kodwa futhi nombuso omusha we-aristocracy wase-Argentina naseParaguay. Imfashini ye-salon yokuphuza umngane womshado yazalwa: ukunambitheka kwesiphuzo ku-calabash ngesivalo esivaliwe kwakusho isimo sengqondo sentokazi encane kumuntu ohloniphekile. Umngane omnandi noju kwakusho ubungane, umngane obabayo wayesho ukungabi nandaba, umngane womshado onama-molasses wakhuluma ngokulangazelela kwezithandani.
Kuma-gaucho alula kanye nabelusi abavela eNingizimu Melika selva, umngane womshado ubelokhu engaphezu nje kokuphuza. Wayekwazi ukuqeda ukoma kwakhe phakathi nokushisa kwasemini, efudumele ebusuku, ondle ngamandla ohambo olude olusha lwezinkomo. Ngokwesiko, ama-gauchos aphuza umlingani obabayo, owenziwe ngokuqinile - uphawu lwendoda yangempela, i-laconic futhi ejwayele ukuphila kokuhambahamba. Njengoba kuphawulwe abanye abacwaningi bamasiko aseNingizimu Melika, kungcono ukuthi i-gaucho ivuke amahora amabili ngaphambi kwesikhathi ebesilindelekile, uma nje iphuza umngane wayo kancane.
Kunamasiko amaningi okuphuza, wonke lawo ngokwemvelo ngokwesifunda.
E-Argentina, umphakeli oyinhloko wesiphuzo namuhla, i-matepita umcimbi womndeni ohloselwe kuphela umbuthano omncane wabantu.
Futhi uma umenywe kumngane womshado wakusihlwa e-Argentina, qiniseka ukuthi bayakwethemba futhi bakubheka njengothandekayo. Kuyinto evamile ukwenza ihlaya etafuleni, ukwabelana ngezindaba, umlingani udlala indima yesici esihlanganisayo, ngoba ujeke wethanga udluliswa nxazonke. Umnikazi wendlu ngokwakhe uphisa umngane womshado futhi awunikeze kuqala ilungu elihlonishwa kakhulu lomndeni.
EParaguay, ukuphuzela umlingani wokuqala kuyindaba ehluke ngokuphelele: lowo oyithatha kuqala uthathwa njengesiwula. Wonke umuntu okhona esiphuzweni somngane womshado uyakuphika ngenkuthalo lokhu, nokho, lowo “onesiphetho” esinjalo uyohlale emkhafulela ehlombe, ethi: “Angisiyena isiwula, kodwa lowo ongamnaki.”
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaBrazilians aphisa umngane womshado etsheni elikhulu, futhi lowo othela umngane womshado ubizwa ngokuthi “cebador”, okungukuthi, “stoker”, yizilaleli. Isitokofela siqinisekisa ukuthi kuhlala kunezinkuni namalahle esitofini, futhi sinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi izihambeli zihlala ziphuza ku-bombilla.
Kuphela kuma-30s XX ekhulwini kumata waphinde wadonsela ukunaka hhayi kuphela ezweni lakubo. Ososayensi baseYurophu babenesithakazelo eqinisweni lokuthi ama-gaucho ase-Argentina ngesikhathi sokushayela izinkomo isikhathi eside angachitha usuku esehlweni, ngaphandle kokuphumula, ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo, esebenzisa kuphela ukumnika kwe-holly yaseParaguay. Phakathi nocwaningo olwenziwa yi-Pasteur Institute eParis, kwavela ukuthi impahla eluhlaza yesitshalo se-selva esingabonakali iqukethe cishe zonke izakhamzimba namavithamini umuntu awadinga nsuku zonke! Amaqabunga e-holly aseParaguay aqukethe uvithamini A, amavithamini B, amavithamini C, E, P, i-potassium, i-manganese, i-sodium, insimbi kanye nama-trace elements asebenzayo angaba ngu-196! Yile “cocktail” eyenza umngane womshado abe ithuluzi elibalulekile ekulweni nokukhathala okungapheli, ukucindezeleka, kanye ne-neurosis: ivuselela futhi ikhulule ukukhathazeka ngesikhathi esifanayo. I-Mate iyadingeka kubantu abanezinkinga zokucindezela: inyusa ingcindezi ephansi, futhi yehlisa ingcindezi ephezulu. Bese-ke, i-mate isiphuzo esimnandi kakhulu esinama-sweetish futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo amanothi e-tart.
Iyiphi indlela efanele yokupheka umlingani? Ngokwesiko, kuphekwe emkhunjini we-gourd omisiwe - amaNdiya aseNingizimu Melikaambize kodwa kuwe. E-Russia, igama elithi "kalabas" noma "calabash" (kusuka kwelesiSpanishi elithi "ithanga") selithathe izimpande. Yithanga, elinezimbotshana zesakhiwo, elinikeza umata lokho kunambitheka okuyingqayizivele nokubonakalayo.
Kodwa ngaphambi komlingani wokuqala, i-calabash idinga ukuvuselelwa: ngenxa yalokhu, i-mate ithululelwa kuyo (cishe ingxenye yomkhiqizo owomile nge-calabash ngayinye), ithululwe ngamanzi futhi ishiywe izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze ama-tannins aqukethwe ku-mat "asebenze" ngesakhiwo esinezimbotshana se-gourd futhi asihlanze ngamaphunga amaningi. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, ithanga liyahlanzwa futhi lomiswe. Ngokuvamile, ukunakekelwa okufanele kuyadingeka ku-calabash: ngemuva kwe-matepita ngayinye, kufanele ihlanzwe kahle futhi yomiswe.
Esinye isici esidingekayo se-matepiya efanele i-bombilla - ishubhu le-strainer lapho isiphuzo siphuzwa kancane kancane. Ngokwesiko, yenziwe ngesiliva, ebulala amagciwane ngokuphelele. Njengoba kunikezwe isiko laseNingizimu Melika lokuphuza umlingani emkhunjini owodwa embuthanweni, lokhu kuyadingeka. Induku icwiliswa esitsheni esinesiphuzo, iphendukele kophuzile. Ukuyisusa noma ukuyikhipha akwamukelekile.
Futhi, yiqiniso, umuntu akanakuhluleka ukusho i-pave - isitsha esikhethekile esine-spout encane lapho ngifudumeza khona amanzi kumlingani. Amanzi, kanye nokulungiswa kwawo okufanele, kuyizici ezibalulekile zesiphuzo esihle. Amanzi kufanele alethwe emathumba, bese eyeka ukupholisa ku-70-80 degrees. Yiqiniso, ezweni lanamuhla, kuya ngokuya kungavamile ukuthola iwashi lokuphuza umngane womshado, kodwa umngane womshado angabuye aphuzwe emshinini wokunyathelisa ovamile waseFrance. Yiqiniso, "i-zest" yokuphuza izonyamalala, kodwa lokhu ngeke kuthinte izakhiwo ezizuzisayo zomkhiqizo. I-Mate - itiye lama-Inca namaJesuit, i-cocktail yemvelo eyingqayizivele enikeza abantu i-Paraguay holly - isitshalo esingenasizotha esikhula endaweni yase-Argentina eshiswe ilanga; isiphuzo sama-gaucho anesibindi kanye nama-senorita ase-Argentina abukekayo angatholakala kakhulu etafuleni lomhlali wedolobha elikhulu. Yiqiniso, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwempilo yesimanje, lapho yonke into ixakile futhi akucaci ukuthi kuphi futhi kungani bephuthuma, asikho ngaso sonke isikhathi isikhathi nethuba lokuphuza umama wangempela. Nokho, labo abaye bajabulela i-calabash ne-bombilla mate ngeke besakwazi ukuphuza umngane womshado olungiselelwe emshinini wokunyathelisa waseFrance. Kuwuhlobo oluthile lokuhlambalaza. U-Snobbery, usho. Kungenzeka. Kodwa yeka ukuthi kuhle kanjani, uphuza umngane womshado ngebhomu, zicabange uyigaucho enesibindi, ebuka kude le selva enokhahlo. PS