Ukuqonda indawo yasekhaya kanye nokuphatha isikhala somzimba womuntu siqu - ikhaya lenyama lomphefumulo - hamba ezindleleni ezifanayo zengane encane futhi, njengomthetho, kanyekanye.
Okokuqala, bobabili bangaphansi kwemithetho evamile, njengoba beyizinhlangothi ezimbili zenqubo efanayo ehlotshaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani bengane.
Okwesibili, ingane ifunda indawo ezungezile ngokusebenzisa ukunyakaza okusebenzayo kuyo, iphila futhi ilinganise ngokoqobo ngomzimba wayo, okuyinto lapha iba into efana nedivayisi yokulinganisa, umbusi wesikali. Akuyona ize ukuthi izilinganiso zasendulo zobude zisekelwe ebukhulu bezingxenye ngazinye zomzimba womuntu - ubukhulu bomunwe, ubude besundu nonyawo, ibanga ukusuka esandleni ukuya endololwaneni, ubude besandla. Isinyathelo, njll. Okusho ukuthi, ngokuhlangenwe nakho, ingane izitholela yona ukuthi umzimba wayo uyimojula yendawo yonke, maqondana lapho kuhlolwa khona imingcele yendawo yangaphandle: lapho engingafinyelela khona, lapho ngingagxuma khona, lapho ngingakwazi khona. khuphuka, ukuthi ngingafinyelela kude kangakanani. Phakathi konyaka nemibili, ingane inyakaza, ishesha futhi iphikelele emisebenzini yayo yocwaningo endlini kangangokuthi umama, engahlali naye, ngezinye izikhathi ngokudabukisayo ukhumbula leso sikhathi esibusisekile lapho ingane yakhe ilala ngokuthula embhedeni wayo.
Ukusebenzelana nezinto, ingane iphila amabanga phakathi kwazo, ubukhulu kanye nokuma kwazo, ubunzima nokuminyana, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ifunda imingcele yomzimba womzimba wayo, izwa ubunye nokungaguquguquki kwayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, isithombe somzimba wakhe siqu sakhiwe kuye - okungaguquki okudingekayo ohlelweni lwezixhumanisi zendawo. Ukuntuleka kombono wobukhulu bomzimba wakhe kubonakala ngokushesha endleleni, isibonelo, ingane izama ukungena egebeni elincane kakhulu kuye phakathi kombhede nephansi, noma ukukhasa phakathi kwemilenze isihlalo esincane. Uma ingane encane izama yonke into esikhumbeni sayo futhi ifunda ngokugxilisa amaqhubu, khona-ke indoda endala izovele ibone ukuthi ngingakhuphuka kuphi nokuthi ingaphi - futhi isekelwe emibonweni ye-muscular-motor ngaye kanye nemingcele yakhe, egcinwe ngaphakathi. inkumbulo yakhe, uzothatha isinqumo - ngizokhuphuka noma ngihlehle. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingane ithole ulwazi ekusebenzelaneni okuhlukahlukene komzimba nezinto ezisesikhaleni se-three-dimensional yendlu. Ngenxa yokungaguquguquki kwayo, le ndawo ingakwazi ukuqondiswa ingane kancane kancane - umzimba wayo uhlala kuwo ngokuphindaphindiwe okuningi. Ngomntwana, kubalulekile hhayi nje ukwanelisa isifiso sokunyakaza, kodwa ukuzazi yena kanye nemvelo ngokunyakaza, okuba yindlela yokuqoqa ulwazi. Ngaphandle kwesizathu, eminyakeni emibili yokuqala yokuphila, ingane inobuhlakani, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sezingane esikhulu kunazo zonke sekhulu lesi-XNUMX, uJean Piaget, ayibiza nge-sensorimotor, okungukuthi, ukuzwa, ukwazi konke ngokunyakaza komzimba wakhe kanye nokukhohlisa. izinto. Kuhle uma abazali besabela kulesi sidingo se-motor-cognitive yengane, bemnika ithuba lokuyanelisa ekhaya: ukukhasa kukhaphethi naphansi, ukugibela ngaphansi nangaphansi kwezinto ezihlukahlukene, futhi wengeze amadivaysi akhethekile ku-terrier yefulethi. , njengekhona lejimu elinodonga lwesi-Swedish, izindandatho, njll.
Njengoba ingane "ithola isipho sokukhuluma", isikhala esimzungezile kanye nesikhala somzimba wakhe siqu sinemininingwane, sigcwele izinto ezihlukene ezinamagama azo. Lapho umuntu omdala etshela ingane amagama ezinto nezitho zomzimba wengane ngokwakhe, lokhu kushintsha kakhulu isimo sokuba khona kwazo zonke izinto eziqanjwe ngaye. Okunegama kuba khona kakhulu. Igama alivumeli umbono wamanje wengqondo ukuba usakazeke futhi unyamalale, njengokungathi, limisa ukugeleza kwemibono, lilungise ubukhona bazo enkumbulweni, lisize ingane ukuthi iwathole futhi iwabone futhi endaweni yezwe elizungezile noma endaweni yakhe. umzimba wakhe: “Iphi ikhala likaMasha? Ziphi izinwele? Ngikhombise lapho ikhabethe likhona. Likuphi iwindi? Uphi umbhede wemoto?
Izinto eziningi ziqanjwa emhlabeni - izinhlamvu ezihlukile esiteji sokuphila, umhlaba uba ngocebile futhi ugcwele enganeni. Ukuze ingane isheshe iqale ukuzulazula esikhaleni somzimba wayo, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuthintana kwayo, izingxenye ezinekhono, ezizwakalayo - izandla nekhanda - i-folk pedagogy inikeze imidlalo eminingi efana nalena: "I-Magpie-crow, iphalishi eliphekiwe, izingane ezondliwe: wanikeza lokhu, lokhu kwanikeza ... ”- ngokufaka iminwe, njll. Nokho, ukutholakala kwezitho zomzimba ezingabonakali, ezingazweli, ezingashiwongo ngamagama kuyaqhubeka iminyaka eminingi yokuphila kwakamuva kwengane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi umuntu omdala.
Ngakho-ke, u-OL Nekrasova-Karateeva, okwathi ngawo-1960 no-70 ephethe iSt. Yiqiniso, wayazi kahle kakhulu mayelana nokuba khona okusemthethweni kwentamo ngaphambili, kodwa kuphela isidingo sokubonisa intamo ngobuhlalu, okungukuthi, ukuyichaza usebenzisa ulimi lokudweba, kanye nengxoxo ngalokhu nothisha, wamholela ekutholakaleni. Kwamjabulisa kakhulu umfana waze wacela ukuphuma futhi, ephuthuma kugogo wakhe owayemlindile ephaseji, ngenjabulo wathi: “Gogo, kuvele ukuthi nginentamo, bheka! Ngibonise eyakho!
Ungamangali kulesi siqephu uma, kuvela ukuthi, abantu abadala abaningi, bechaza ubuso babo, baphambanisa umhlathi ongezansi ne-cheekbone, abazi ukuthi iqakala likuphi nokuthi izitho zangasese zibizwa ngokuthini.
Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umuntu omdala acebise isilulumagama somntwana ngaso sonke isikhathi, eqamba izinto ezimzungezile, enikeza izincazelo ezinemininingwane, eqokomisa izici ezibalulekile futhi ngaleyo ndlela egcwalisa indawo yomhlaba evulela ingane izinto ezihlukahlukene nezinengqondo. . Khona-ke endlini yakhe ngeke esaphambanisa i-armchair nesihlalo, uzohlukanisa i-sideboard ne-chest of drawer, hhayi ngoba basezindaweni ezahlukene, kodwa ngoba uzokwazi izici zabo.
Ngemva kwesigaba sokuqamba (ukuqokwa), isinyathelo esilandelayo ekuthuthukisweni okungokomfanekiso kwemvelo ukuqwashisa ngobudlelwane bendawo phakathi kwezinto: ngaphezulu - kancane, eduze - kude, ngaphezulu - ngezansi, ngaphakathi - ngaphandle, ngaphambili - ngemuva. Iqhubeka njengoba inkulumo eyinhloko yezandiso zendawo — «ku», «ku», «ngaphansi», «phezulu», «kuya», «kusuka» - futhi ingane isungula ukuxhumana kwayo nezinhlelo zezimoto zezenzo ezihambisanayo: gqoka Itafula, phambi kwetafula, ngaphansi kwetafula, njll indawo yakhiwe, kancane kancane iba uhlelo oluvumelanayo lwendawo yengane. Kukhona kakade izixhumanisi eziyisisekelo ngaphakathi kuyo, futhi iqala ukugcwalisa izincazelo ezingokomfanekiso. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kwakheka isithombe sezwe emidwebeni yezingane eneZulu nomhlaba, Phezulu nangaphansi, lapho kwenzeka khona izenzakalo zokuphila. Sesike sakhuluma ngalokhu esahlukweni 1.
Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokulinganisa kwengane yendawo yendawo-inhloso yendlu yakhe endizeni ye-intrapsychic ibonakala ngokuthi ingane yakha isithombe sesakhiwo sendawo etholakala kuyo. Leli izinga lezinqubo ze-psychic, futhi kumuntu obukele ongenalwazi kungase kungabonakali nhlobo, naphezu kokubaluleka kwayo okuyingqayizivele njengesisekelo seminye imicimbi eminingi.
Kodwa-ke, ubuhlobo bomntwana endlini abukhawulelwe kulokhu, ngoba, okokuqala, ngokomzwelo nangokomuntu siqu. Ezweni lakubo, umntwana ungowokuzalwa, walethwa khona ngabazali bakhe. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo yizwe elikhulu, eliyinkimbinkimbi, elihlelwe abantu abadala abaphethe, bagcwalise ngokwabo, badale umoya okhethekile kulo, bangene kulo ngobudlelwane babo, behlelwe ekukhethweni kwezinto, indlela ezihlelwe ngayo. , kuyo yonke inhlangano yendawo yangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuyilawula, okungukuthi, ukwazi, ukuzwa, ukuqonda, ukufunda ukuba kuyo yedwa kanye nabantu, ukunquma indawo yomuntu, ukwenza lapho ngokuzimela, futhi ngisho nangokwengeziwe ukuyiphatha, kuwumsebenzi wesikhathi eside wengane, okuyinto ixazulula kancane kancane. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, uzofunda ubuciko obunzima bokuhlala ekhaya, ethola izici ezintsha zempilo yasekhaya eminyakeni ngayinye.
Kumntwana ononyaka owodwa, kubalulekile ukukhasa, ukukhuphuka, ukufinyelela umgomo ohlosiwe. Umntwana oneminyaka emibili noma emithathu uthola izinto eziningi, amagama azo, ukusetshenziswa kwazo, ukufinyeleleka kwazo kanye nokwenqatshelwa. Phakathi neminyaka emibili kuya kwemihlanu, kancane kancane ingane ithuthukisa ikhono lokubona ngeso lengqondo ingqondo nokuphupha.
Lesi isenzakalo esisha ngokwekhwalithi empilweni yengqondo yengane, esizoguqula izici eziningi zempilo yakhe.
Ngaphambilini, ingane yayiyisiboshwa sesimo esithile lapho yayikhona. Wathonywa kuphela yilokho akubona ngokuqondile, akuzwa, nakuzwa. Umgomo oyinhloko wokuphila kwakhe okungokomoya wawukhona futhi manje, isimiso somsebenzi - ukusabela kokuvuselela.
Manje uthola ukuthi usezuze ikhono elisha lokuphinda kabili umhlaba ngokwethula izithombe ezicatshangelwayo esikrinini se-psychic yangaphakathi. Lokhu kumnika ithuba lokuhlala ngesikhathi esisodwa emhlabeni obonakalayo wangaphandle (lapha futhi manje) nasezweni lengqondo lemicabango yakhe (lapho futhi), evela ezenzakalweni zangempela nezinto.
Impahla emangalisayo yesimo sengqondo somntwana phakathi nalesi sikhathi (kanye neminyaka embalwa kamuva) ukuthi izinto eziningi ezibalulekile ezizungeze ingane ekuphileni kwansuku zonke zivezwa emaphusheni akhe njengamaqhawe ezenzakalo eziningi. Izimo ezimangalisayo zidlala eduze kwabo, baba abahlanganyeli ochungechungeni olungajwayelekile, oludalwa yingane nsuku zonke.
Umama akasoli ngisho nokuthi, ebuka isobho esitsheni, ingane ibona umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi nge-algae nemikhumbi ecwile, futhi yenza ama-grooves ephalishi ngesipuni, ucabanga ukuthi lezi ziyimihosha phakathi kwezintaba lapho amaqhawe. yendaba yakhe yenza indlela yabo.
Ngezinye izikhathi ekuseni abazali abazi ukuthi ubani ohlezi phambi kwabo ngesimo somntwana wabo siqu: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indodakazi yabo uNastya, noma u-Chanterelle, owelula kahle umsila wakhe ompunga futhi udinga ukudla kwasekuseni kuphela lokho okudliwa yizimpungushe. Ukuze ungangeni enkingeni, kuyasiza kubantu abadala abampofu ukubuza ingane kusengaphambili ukuthi babhekene nobani namuhla.
Leli khono elisha lokucabanga linikeza ingane amazinga amasha ngokuphelele enkululeko. Imvumela ukuba asebenze ngokweqile futhi azimele emhlabeni omangalisayo wangaphakathi we-psyche, oqala ukwakha enganeni. Isikrini senhlakanipho sangaphakathi okwenzeka kuso izenzakalo ezicatshangelwayo siyefana nesikrini sekhompyutha. Eqinisweni, ungabiza kalula noma yisiphi isithombe kuso (kungaba yikhono!), Siguqule ngendlela othanda ngayo, izehlakalo ezikhona ezingenakwenzeka ngempela, yenza isenzo senzeke ngokushesha njengoba singenzeki emhlabeni wangempela. ngokuhamba kwesikhathi okuvamile. Ingane iwazi kahle wonke lamakhono kancane kancane. Kodwa ukuvela kwekhono elinjalo le-psychic kubaluleke kakhulu kubuntu bakhe. Phela, wonke la mathuba amangalisayo umntwana aqala ukuwasebenzisa ngokulangazela anikeza umuzwa wamandla akhe, amandla, nokuphatha izimo ezicatshangelwayo. Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu ekhonweni lengane okwamanje lokulawula izinto nezenzakalo emhlabeni wangempela ongokoqobo, lapho izinto zingamlaleli kancane.
Ngendlela, uma ungathuthukisi othintana nengane ngezinto zangempela nabantu, ungamkhuthazi ukuba enze «emhlabeni», anganikeza ubunzima bokuphila. Kuleli zwe elingokoqobo elingokwenyama elimelana nathi, alihlali lilalela izifiso zethu, futhi lidinga amakhono, ngezinye izikhathi kubalulekile ukuba umuntu acindezele isilingo sokucwila emanzini futhi acashe ezweni elikhohlisayo lefantasy, lapho konke kulula.
Amathoyizi ayikilasi lezinto ezikhethekile ezingokwengqondo zengane. Ngokwemvelo yazo, zenzelwe ukuhlanganisa, "injongo" imicabango yezingane. Ngokuvamile, ukucabanga kwezingane kubonakala nge-animism - ukuthambekela kokunikeza izinto ezingaphili ngomphefumulo, amandla angaphakathi kanye nekhono lokuphila okuzimele okufihliwe. Lesi sigameko sizobhekana naso kwesinye sezahluko ezilandelayo, lapho sizokhuluma khona ngobuqaba bezingane ebudlelwaneni nezwe langaphandle.
Yilolu chungechunge lwengqondo yengane ehlala ithintwa amathoyizi azihambelayo: izinkukhu eziwumshini ezikwazi ukucofa, onodoli abavala amehlo bathi “umama”, amawundlu ahambayo, njll. Enganeni ethakathiwe (futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nomuntu omdala. ), amathoyizi anjalo ahlala ezwakala, ngoba emphefumulweni wakhe uyazi ngaphakathi ukuthi kufanele kube njalo - bayaphila, kodwa bayakufihla. Emini, amathoyizi agcwalisa ngokugcwele intando yabanikazi bawo, kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile ezikhethekile, ikakhulukazi ebusuku, imfihlo iyacaca. Amathoyizi ashiywe wona aqala ukuphila ngokwawo, egcwele izinkanuko nezifiso, impilo esebenzayo. Lesi sihloko esijabulisayo, esixhunywe nezimfihlo zokuba khona kwezwe elihlosiwe, sibaluleke kakhulu kangangokuthi sesiphenduke enye yezindlela zendabuko zezincwadi zezingane. I-nightlife yamathoyizi isenkabeni ye-E.-T.-A.'s The Nutcracker. Hoffmann, «Isikhukhukazi Esimnyama» ka-A. Pogorelsky nezinye izincwadi eziningi, futhi kusukela emisebenzini yabalobi besimanje - odumile «Uhambo Lomcibisholo Oluhlaza» ngu-J. Rodari. Umdwebi waseRussia u-Alexander Benois, ku-ABC yakhe edumile ka-1904, wakhetha yona kanye le ngqikithi ukuze afanekisele incwadi ethi "I", ebonisa ukugqwayiza okungaqondakali komphakathi wamathoyizi wasebusuku.
Kuvele ukuthi cishe zonke izingane zivame ukuphupha ngekhaya lazo futhi cishe yonke ingane inezintandokazi «izinto zokuzindla», egxile kuzo egxila emaphusheni ayo. Ukulala, othile ubheka indawo ophahleni efana nekhanda likamalume onentshebe, othile - iphethini elisesithombeni sangemuva, okukhumbuza izilwane ezihlekisayo, futhi ucabanga okuthile ngabo. Enye intombazane yathi kunesikhumba senyamazane esilenga phezu kombhede wayo, futhi njalo kusihlwa, ilele embhedeni, yayiphulula inyamazane yayo bese iqamba enye indaba mayelana nezigigaba zayo.
Ngaphakathi kwegumbi, ifulethi noma indlu, ingane izikhomba izindawo ezizithandayo lapho idlala khona, amaphupho, lapho ehlala khona. Uma usesimweni esibi, ungacasha ngaphansi kwe-hanger ngenqwaba yamajazi, ufihle lapho emhlabeni wonke futhi uhlale njengendlu. Noma khasa ngaphansi kwetafula ngendwangu yetafula ende bese ucindezela umhlane wakho kurediyetha efudumele.
Ungabheka isithakazelo efasiteleni elincane kusukela ephasishi lefulethi elidala, elibheke ezitebhisini ezingemuva - yini engabonwa lapho? - futhi ucabange ukuthi yini engabonwa lapho uma kungazelelwe ...
Kunezindawo ezesabekayo efulethini ingane ezama ukuzigwema. Lapha, ngokwesibonelo, kunomnyango omncane onsundu endaweni ewudonga ekhishini, abantu abadala babeka ukudla lapho, endaweni epholile, kodwa enganeni eneminyaka emihlanu lokhu kungase kube indawo embi kakhulu: ubumnyama buphuma ngemuva komnyango. , kubonakala sengathi kukhona ukwehluleka komunye umhlaba lapho okuthile okubi kungase kuvele khona. Ngokwakhe, ingane ngeke isondele emnyango onjalo futhi ngeke iwuvule noma yini.
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu zokuphupha kwezingane ihlobene nokungathuthuki kahle kokuzazi enganeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngokuvamile akakwazi ukuhlukanisa ukuthi yini engokoqobo nokuthi yini ahlangabezane nayo kanye nemicabango yakhe egubuzele le nto, yanamathela kukho. Ngokuvamile, le nkinga nakubantu abadala. Kodwa ezinganeni, ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kweqiniso kanye nefantasy kungaba namandla kakhulu futhi kunikeza ingane ubunzima obuningi.
Ekhaya, ingane ingaphila ngesikhathi esisodwa ezintweni ezingokoqobo ezimbili ezihlukene - emhlabeni ojwayelekile wezinto ezizungezile, lapho abantu abadala belawula futhi bavikele ingane, kanye nasemhlabeni ongokomfanekiso obekwe phezu kwempilo yansuku zonke. Naye ungokoqobo enganeni, kodwa akabonakali kwabanye abantu. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ayitholakali kubantu abadala. Nakuba izinto ezifanayo zingaba kuyo yomibili imihlaba ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa zibe nezimo ezihlukene lapho. Kubonakala sengathi ijazi elimnyama nje elilengayo, kodwa ubukeka - njengokungathi othile uyesaba.
Kulo mhlaba, abantu abadala bazoyivikela ingane, kulowo mhlaba abakwazi ukusiza, njengoba bengangeni khona. Ngakho-ke, uma kuba scary kulelo zwe, udinga ukugijima ngokushesha kuleli, futhi ngisho ukumemeza kakhulu: "Mama!" Ngezinye izikhathi umntwana ngokwakhe akazi ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi indawo ezoshintsha futhi izowela endaweni ecatshangelwayo yomunye umhlaba - lokhu kwenzeka ngokungalindelekile futhi ngokuphazima kweso. Yiqiniso, lokhu kwenzeka kaningi lapho abantu abadala bengekho, lapho bengagcini ingane eqinisweni lansuku zonke ngobukhona babo, ingxoxo.
Ezinganeni eziningi, ukungabikho kwabazali ekhaya kuwumzuzu onzima. Bazizwa belahliwe, bengenakuzivikela, futhi amakamelo ajwayelekile nezinto ezingenabo abantu abadala, njengokungathi, baqala ukuphila ukuphila kwabo okukhethekile, bahluke. Lokhu kwenzeka ebusuku, ebumnyameni, lapho izinhlangothi ezimnyama, ezifihliwe zokuphila kwamakhethini kanye nezingubo zokugqoka, izingubo ku-hanger nezinto ezingavamile, ezingabonakali ingane engazange ibone ngaphambili.
Uma umama eye esitolo, ezinye izingane ziyesaba ukuhamba esihlalweni ngisho nasemini aze afike. Ezinye izingane zesaba ikakhulukazi izithombe namaphosta abantu. Intombazane eneminyaka eyishumi nanye ubudala yatshela abangani bayo ukuthi yayisaba kanjani iphosta likaMichael Jackson elalilenga ngaphakathi komnyango wegumbi lakhe. Uma umama ephuma endlini, futhi intombazane yayingenaso isikhathi sokuphuma kuleli gumbi, yayikwazi ukuhlala igoqe kusofa kuze kufike unina. Entombazaneni kwabonakala sengathi uMichael Jackson wayesezokwehla kuphosta ayiklinywe. Abangane bakhe banqekuzisa amakhanda ngozwela - ukukhathazeka kwakhe kwakuqondakala futhi kusondele. Intombazane ayizange ilokothe ukususa iphosta noma ivule uvalo kubazali bayo - kwaba yibona abayilengise. Babemthanda ngempela uMichael Jackson, futhi intombazane "yayinkulu futhi akufanele yesabe."
Ingane izizwa ingenakuzivikela uma, njengoba kubonakala kuye, ingathandwa ngokwanele, ivame ukulahlwa futhi inqatshelwe, ishiywe yodwa isikhathi eside, nabantu abangahleliwe noma abangajabulisi, ishiywe yodwa efulethini lapho kukhona omakhelwane abayingozi.
Ngisho nomuntu omdala onokwesaba kobuntwana okuphikelelayo kwalolu hlobo ngezinye izikhathi wesaba kakhulu ukuba yedwa ekhaya kunokuhamba yedwa emgwaqeni omnyama.
Noma yikuphi ubuthakathaka benkambu yokuvikela yabazali, okufanele imboze ingane ngokuthembekile, kubangela ukukhathazeka kuye kanye nomuzwa wokuthi ingozi ezayo izodabula kalula igobolondo elincanyana lendlu ebonakalayo futhi ifinyelele kuye. Kuvela ukuthi enganeni, ukuba khona kwabazali abanothando kubonakala kuyisiphephelo esinamandla kunayo yonke iminyango enezingidi.
Njengoba isihloko sokuvikeleka kwekhaya kanye nemicabango ethusayo ibalulekile cishe kuzo zonke izingane zeminyaka ethile, zibonakala ezinganekwaneni zezingane, ezindabeni zendabuko ezesabekayo ezidluliselwa ngomlomo ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane zezingane.
Enye yezindaba ezisakazeke kakhulu kulo lonke elaseRussia isitshela ukuthi umndeni othile onabantwana uhlala kanjani ekamelweni lapho kunendawo esolisayo ophahleni, odongeni noma phansi - obomvu, omnyama noma ophuzi. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholwa uma uthuthela efulethini elisha, kwesinye isikhathi ilungu lomndeni liyigqoka ngephutha - isibonelo, umama onguthisha waconsa uyinki obomvu phansi. Ngokuvamile amaqhawe endaba esabekayo azama ukukhuhla noma ukugeza leli bala, kodwa bayehluleka. Ebusuku, lapho wonke amalungu omndeni elala, ibala lembula ingqikithi yalo embi. Phakathi kwamabili, iqala ukukhula kancane kancane, ibe nkulu, njenge-hatch. Khona-ke ibala liyavuleka, kusukela lapho isandla esikhulu esibomvu, esimnyama noma esiphuzi (ngokombala webala) siphuma, okuyinto, ngokulandelana, kusukela ebusuku kuya ebusuku, ithatha wonke amalungu omndeni ebala. Kodwa omunye wabo, ngokuvamile oyingane, usakwazi “ukulandela” isandla bese egijima ayobikela amaphoyisa. Ngobusuku bokugcina, amaphoyisa ayaqamekela, acashe ngaphansi kwemibhede, abeke unodoli esikhundleni somntwana. Abuye ahlale ngaphansi kombhede. Lapho isandla sibamba lo nodoli phakathi kwamabili, amaphoyisa agxuma aphume, amthathe agijimele ekamelweni eliphezulu, lapho ethola khona umthakathi, umphangi noma inhloli. Nguye owadonsa isandla somlingo noma wadonsa isandla sakhe esiwumshini ngenjini ukuze adonsele amalungu omndeni ekamelweni eliphezulu, lapho abulawa khona noma adliwa nguye (yena). Kwezinye izimo, amaphoyisa ngokushesha adubula isigebengu, futhi amalungu omndeni avele aphile.
Kuyingozi ukungavali iminyango namafasitela, okwenza indlu ifinyeleleke emandleni amabi, isibonelo ngendlela yeshidi elimnyama elindiza edolobheni. Kunjalo ngezingane ezikhohlwayo noma ezihlubukayo ezishiya iminyango namafasitela kuvuliwe ngokudelela umyalo kanina noma izwi emsakazweni elizixwayisa ngengozi ezayo.
Ingane, iqhawe lendaba ethusayo, ingazizwa iphephile kuphela uma zingekho izimbobo endlini yayo - ngisho nezingase zibe khona, ngendlela yebala - ezingavuleka njengendlela yokungena ezweni elingaphandle, eligcwele izingozi.
Kubonakala kuyingozi ukuthi izingane zingenise endlini zivela ngaphandle izinto zangaphandle ezingaziwa ezweni lasekhaya. Amashwa amaqhawe elinye itulo elaziwayo lezindaba ezithusayo aqala lapho omunye wamalungu omndeni ethenga futhi engenisa into entsha endlini: amakhethini amnyama, upiyano olumhlophe, isithombe sowesifazane onezimbali ezibomvu, noma umfanekiso we-ballerina emhlophe. Ebusuku, lapho wonke umuntu elele, isandla se-ballerina sizofinyelela futhi sihlabe ngenaliti enobuthi ekugcineni komunwe wakhe, owesifazane ovela esithombeni uzofuna ukwenza okufanayo, amakhethini amnyama azoklinya, futhi umthakathi uzokhasa. ophiyano olumhlophe.
Yiqiniso, lezi ezesabekayo zenzeka ezindabeni ezesabekayo kuphela uma abazali bengasekho - e-cinema, ukuvakashela, ukusebenza ebusuku noma ukulala, okuvimba ngokulinganayo izingane zabo ukuvikelwa futhi zivule ukufinyelela okubi.
Yini ebuntwaneni bokuqala okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu kwengane kancane kancane kuba yindaba yokuqaphela okuhlangene kwengane. Lokhu kwaziswa kwenziwa yizingane ezisezimweni zeqembu zokuxoxa izindaba ezesabekayo, ezigxilwe emibhalweni yezinganekwane zezingane futhi zidluliselwe ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo zezingane, zibe isikrini sokuqagela kwabo okusha komuntu siqu.
Izingane zaseRussia zivame ukuxoxela izindaba ezinjalo zendabuko ezesabekayo komunye nomunye phakathi kweminyaka engu-6-7 kanye ne-11-12, nakuba ukwesaba okubonakala ngokomfanekiso kuzo kuvele ngaphambili kakhulu. Kulezi zindaba, ukufaneleka kwasebuntwaneni kokuvikela ikhaya kuyaqhubeka nokugcinwa - isikhala esivaliwe nhlangothi zonke ngaphandle kokuvuleka ezweni eliyingozi elingaphandle, indlu ebukeka njengesikhwama noma isibeletho sikamama.
Emidwebeni yezingane ezineminyaka emithathu noma emine ubudala, umuntu angathola ngokuvamile izithombe ezinjalo ezilula zendlu. Omunye wabo ungabonakala ku-Fig. 3-2.
Kuyo, ikati lihlala njengasesibelethweni. Kusukela phezulu - okungukuthi, ukuze kucace ukuthi lena yindlu. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wendlu ukuvikela iKitten, eyasala yodwa, nonina wahamba. Ngakho-ke, awekho amafasitela noma iminyango endlini - izimbobo eziyingozi lapho into engaziwa ingangena khona ngaphakathi. Uma kwenzeka nje, iKitten inomvikeli: eduze kwayo kuyafana, kodwa indlu encane kakhulu efanayo - lena yindlu yenja lapho kuhlala khona Inja yeKitten. Isithombe seNja asizange singene endaweni encane kangaka, ngakho intombazane yayisimaka ngesigaxa esimnyama. Imininingwane engokoqobo - imibuthano eseduze nezindlu izitsha zeKitten kanye neNja. Manje sesingayibona kalula indlu yeGundane kwesokudla, ekhonjiwe, enezindlebe eziyindilinga nomsila omude. Igundane liyinto ethakaselwa yikati. Njengoba kuzozingelwa uMagundwane, wenzelwe indlu enkulu, evalwe ngapha nangapha, naleyo aphephile kuyo. Kwesokunxele kukhona omunye umlingiswa othakazelisayo - I-Teenage Kitten. Usevele wamkhulu, futhi usengaba yedwa emgwaqeni.
Yebo, iqhawe lokugcina lesithombe ngumlobi ngokwakhe, intombazane uSasha. Wazikhethela indawo engcono kakhulu - phakathi kwezulu nomhlaba, ngaphezu kwazo zonke izenzakalo, futhi wahlala lapho ngokukhululeka, ethatha indawo eningi, lapho izinhlamvu zeGama lakhe zabekwa khona. Izinhlamvu ziphendulwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, umuntu useneminyaka emine ubudala! Kodwa ingane isivele ikwazi ukuguqula ubukhona bayo endaweni yezwe ayidalile, ukumisa isikhundla sayo esikhethekile njengenkosi lapho. Indlela yokwethula "I" yomuntu - ukubhala iGama - isengqondweni yengane ngalesi sikhathi uhlobo oluphakeme kakhulu lokuphumelela kwamasiko.
Uma siqhathanisa umbono womngcele wendlu esikweni lamasiko nezengqondo lezingane kanye nesiko labantu abadala, khona-ke singabona ukufana okungangabazeki ekuqondeni amafasitela neminyango njengezindawo zokuxhumana nezwe langaphandle ukuthi ziyingozi ikakhulukazi kumuntu ohlala endlini. Ngempela, ngokwesiko lesintu kwakukholelwa ukuthi kwakusemngceleni wemihlaba emibili lapho amandla amnyama ayegxile khona - amnyama, asabekayo, angajwayelekile kumuntu. Ngakho-ke, isiko lendabuko lanaka ngokukhethekile ukuvikelwa komlingo kwamafasitela neminyango - ukuvuleka emkhathini ongaphandle. Indima yokuvikelwa okunjalo, ehlanganiswe amafomu ezakhiwo, yadlalwa, ikakhulukazi, ngamaphethini amapulatifomu, amabhubesi esangweni, njll.
Kepha ukwazi kwezingane, kunezinye izindawo ezingase zibe khona zegobolondo elivikelayo lendlu endaweni yomunye umhlaba. "Izimbobo" ezinjalo ezikhona zengane ziphakama lapho kukhona ukwephulwa kwendawo ye-homogeneity yezindawo eziheha ukunaka kwakhe: amabala, iminyango engalindelekile, lapho ingane ibona njengamavesi afihliwe kwezinye izikhala. Njengoba ucwaningo lwethu luye lwabonisa, ngokuvamile izingane zesaba ama-closets, ama-pantries, izindawo zomlilo, i-mezzanines, iminyango ehlukahlukene ezindongeni, amafasitela amancane angavamile, izithombe, amabala kanye nemifantu ekhaya. Izingane zethuswa izimbobo zendlu yangasese, futhi ngisho nangokwengeziwe "izibuko" zokhuni zezindlu zangasese zasemakhaya. Ingane isabela ngendlela efanayo kwezinye izinto ezivaliwe ezinomthamo ngaphakathi futhi zingaba isitsha somunye umhlaba namandla alo amnyama: amakhabethe, lapho amabhokisi omngcwabo ahamba ngamasondo eshiya izindaba ezesabekayo; amapotimende lapho kuhlala khona ama-gnome; indawo engaphansi kombhede lapho abazali abafa ngezinye izikhathi bacela khona izingane zabo ukuba zizibeke ngemva kokufa, noma ingaphakathi lepiyano elimhlophe lapho umthakathi ehlala ngaphansi kwesivalo. Ezindabeni ezesabekayo zezingane, kwenzeka nokuthi isigelekeqe siphume ebhokisini elisha sithathe iqhawekazi elimpofu nalo. Ukungalingani kwangempela kwezikhala zalezi zinto akubalulekile lapha, ngoba izehlakalo zendaba yezingane zenzeka emhlabeni wezimo zengqondo, lapho, njengasephusheni, imithetho yemvelo yezwe elibonakalayo ingasebenzi. Esikhaleni semilingo, ngokwesibonelo, njengoba kuvame ukubonakala ezindabeni ezesabekayo zezingane, into ethile iyakhula noma incipha ngosayizi ngokuya ngenani lokunaka okuqondiswe kuleyo nto.
Ngakho-ke, ngemicabango esabekayo yengane ngayinye, i-motif yokukhishwa kwengane noma ukuwa emhlabeni weNdlu ingena kwesinye Isikhala ngokuvuleka okuthile komlingo kuyisici. Le motif ibonakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene emikhiqizweni yobuciko obuhlangene bezingane - imibhalo yezinganekwane zezingane. Kodwa futhi itholakala kabanzi ezincwadini zezingane. Isibonelo, njengendaba emayelana nengane eshiya ngaphakathi kwesithombe esilenga odongeni lwegumbi layo (i-analogue ingaphakathi kwesibuko; masikhumbule u-Alice Engilazini Ebukekayo). Njengoba wazi, noma ubani olimazayo, ukhuluma ngakho. Engeza kulokhu — futhi uyilalele ngentshisekelo.
Ukwesaba ukuwela kwelinye izwe, elivezwe ngendlela engokomfanekiso kule mibhalo yemibhalo, kunezizathu zangempela kumqondo wezingane. Siyakhumbula ukuthi lena inkinga yobuntwana yokuhlanganiswa kwemihlaba emibili emcabangweni wengane: izwe elibonakalayo kanye nezwe lezehlakalo zengqondo ezivezwa kulo njengesikrini. Isizathu esihlobene neminyaka yale nkinga (asiyicabangi i-pathology) ukuntuleka kokuzilawula ngokwengqondo, izindlela ezingahlelekile zokuzazi, ukususwa, ngendlela yakudala - ukuhluzeka, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi nezinye futhi ubhekane nesimo. Ngakho-ke, isidalwa esinempilo nesivamile esibuyisela ingane eqinisweni ngokuvamile singumuntu omdala.
Ngalo mqondo, njengesibonelo sombhalo, sizoba nesithakazelo esahlukweni esithi "Usuku Olunzima" encwadini edumile ye-Englishwoman PL Travers "Mary Poppins".
Ngalolo suku olubi, uJane - iqhawekazi elincane lencwadi - akazange ahambe kahle nhlobo. Wakhafulela wonke umuntu ekhaya kangangokuthi umfowabo owaba isisulu sakhe, weluleka uJane ukuba ahambe ekhaya ukuze kube khona ozomthatha. UJane wasala yedwa ekhaya ngenxa yezono zakhe. Futhi njengoba ayevutha ngolaka ngomkhaya wakhe, wahehwa abafana abathathu ukuba angene enkampanini yabo, bepende esitsheni esidala esasilenga odongeni lwekamelo. Qaphela ukuthi ukuhamba kukaJane otshanini obuluhlaza kubafana kwenziwe lula ngamaphuzu amabili abalulekile: Ukungafuni kukaJane ukuba sezweni lasekhaya kanye nokuqhekeka phakathi kwesitsha, okwakhiwe ngenxa yokushaywa ngengozi kwentombazane. Okusho ukuthi, izwe lakubo laqhekeka futhi umhlaba wokudla waqhekeka, ngenxa yalokho kwakhiwa igebe lapho uJane engena kwenye indawo. Abafana bamema uJane ukuba ashiye utshani anqamule ehlathini aye enqabeni endala lapho kwakuhlala khona ukhokho wabo. Futhi lapho kuqhubeka isikhathi eside, kwaba kubi nakakhulu. Kwagcina kumkhanyele ukuthi uyayengwa, bangamdedeli aphindele emuva, akukho lapho aphindela khona, kwazise kwase kunesinye isikhathi sakudala. Maqondana naye, emhlabeni wangempela, abazali bakhe babengakazalwa, futhi iNdlu yakhe Inombolo Yeshumi Nesikhombisa eCherry Lane yayingakakhiwa.
UJane wamemeza kakhulu: “Mary Poppins! Usizo! UMary Poppins!» Futhi, naphezu kokumelana nabakhileyo esitsheni, izandla eziqinile, ngenhlanhla kwaba yizandla zikaMary Poppins, zamkhipha lapho.
“O, nguwe! Kububula uJane. "Bengithi awungizwanga!" Ngacabanga ukuthi kuzodingeka ngihlale lapho unomphela! Bengicabanga…
“Abanye abantu,” kusho uMary Poppins, emehlisa ngobumnene phansi, “bacabanga kakhulu. Ngokungangabazeki. Ngicela, usule ubuso bakho.
Wanikeza uJane iduku lakhe futhi waqala ukulungisa isidlo sakusihlwa.
Ngakho-ke, uMary Poppins uye wafeza umsebenzi wakhe wokuba umuntu omdala, wabuyisela intombazane eqinisweni, Futhi manje uJane usevele ejabulela induduzo, imfudumalo nokuthula okuvela ezintweni zasendlini ezijwayelekile. Isipiliyoni sokwethuka siya kude, kude.
Kodwa incwadi kaTravers ibingeke ibe yintandokazi ezizukulwaneni eziningi zezingane emhlabeni jikelele ukube yayiphele ngendlela eyisimanga. Exoxela umfowabo indaba yohambo lwakhe kusihlwa ngalobo busuku, uJane waphinda wabheka esitsheni futhi wathola kunezimpawu ezibonakalayo zokuthi bobabili yena noMary Poppins babekade bekhona ngempela kulowo mhlaba. Otshanini obuluhlaza besitsha kwakulele isikhafu sikaMary esiwisiwe esinombhalo wakhe wokuqala, futhi idolo lomunye wabafana abadwetshiwe lalilokhu liboshwe ngeduku likaJane. Okusho ukuthi, kuseyiqiniso ukuthi imihlaba emibili iyaphilisana — Lokho nalokhu. Udinga nje ukwazi ukubuyela emuva lapho, kuyilapho uMary Poppins esiza izingane - amaqhawe encwadi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kanye naye bavame ukuzithola besesimweni esingavamile kakhulu, lapho kunzima khona ukubuyisela. Kodwa uMary Poppins uqinile futhi unesiyalo. Uyakwazi ukuyikhombisa ingane lapho ekhona ngokuphazima kweso.
Njengoba umfundi etshelwa ngokuphindaphindiwe encwadini kaTravers ukuthi uMary Poppins wayengumfundisi ongcono kakhulu eNgilandi, singasebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe lokufundisa.
Embhalweni wencwadi kaTravers, ukuba kulelo zwe akusho nje kuphela izwe lamaphupho, kodwa futhi ukucwiliswa ngokweqile komntwana ezimeni zakhe zengqondo, lapho engakwazi ukuphuma kuzo yedwa - ngemizwa, izinkumbulo, njll. Yini edingekayo kwenziwa yini ukubuyisela ingane kulowo mhlaba ingene esimeni salomhlaba?
Indlela ayeyithanda kakhulu uMary Poppins kwakuwukushintsha ukunaka kwengane kungazelelwe futhi akulungise entweni ethile engokoqobo ezungezile, eyiphoqa ukuthi yenze okuthile ngokushesha nangokuzibophezela. Ngokuvamile, uMariya udonsela ukunaka kwengane kumzimba wakhe siqu "I". Ngakho uzama ukubuyisela umphefumulo womfundi, ehamba endaweni engaziwa lapho, emzimbeni: "Hlanganisa izinwele zakho, ngicela!"; “Izintambo zakho zezicathulo ziyaqaqa futhi!”; "Hamba uyogeza!"; "Bheka ukuthi ikhola yakho ilala kanjani!".
Le nqubo ye-goofy ifana nempama ebukhali yomuntu ophulukisa umzimba, okuthi, ekupheleni kokubhucunga, abuyele eqinisweni iklayenti eliwele ekucabangeni, lithambile.
Kungaba kuhle ukube yonke into ibilula kanjalo! Ukube bekungenzeka ukwenza umphefumulo othakathiwe wengane "ungandizi" akekho owaziyo lapho, ngempama eyodwa noma iqhinga elihlakaniphile lokushintsha ukunaka, amfundise ukuphila ngokoqobo, abukeke ehloniphekile futhi enze ibhizinisi. Ngisho uMary Poppins wakwenza isikhathi esifushane. Futhi yena ngokwakhe wayehlukaniswa ikhono lokubandakanya izingane ezenzakalweni ezingalindelekile nezimangalisayo ayekwazi ukuzidala ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, kwakuhlale kuthakazelisa kakhulu izingane naye.
Impilo yangaphakathi yengane iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ikhulisa ubuhlakani bayo, iyanda futhi ibanzi imihlaba ezitholela yona kokubili endaweni kanye nasemphefumulweni wayo.
Imicabango eqhubekayo, eyintandokazi yobuntwana, ikakhulukazi leyo exhunywe nezinto zezwe lasekhaya ezibalulekile enganeni, inganquma impilo yayo yonke. Ngemva kokuvuthwa, umuntu onjalo ukholelwa ukuthi wanikezwa kuye ebuntwaneni ngokudalelwa.
Enye yezincazelo ezicashile ezingokwengqondo zalesi sihloko, esinikezwe kokuhlangenwe nakho komfana waseRussia, sizothola encwadini ka-VV Nabokov ethi "Feat".
“Ngaphezu kombhede omncane omncane … umdwebo we-watercolor ulenga odongeni olulula: ihlathi eliminyene kanye nendlela esontekile engena ekujuleni. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kwenye yezincwadi ezincane zesiNgisi unina azifunda naye ... kwakukhona indaba ngesithombe esinjalo esinendledlana ehlathini phezu kombhede womfana owake, egqoke ijazi ebusuku, ukusuka embhedeni kuya esithombeni, endleleni eholela ehlathini. UMartyn wayekhathazekile ngomcabango wokuthi unina angase abone ukufana phakathi kwe-watercolor esodongeni nesithombe esisencwadini: ngokwezibalo zakhe, yena, ethukile, wayezovimbela uhambo lwasebusuku ngokususa isithombe, ngakho-ke ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ebeka khona i-watercolor. wakhuleka embhedeni ngaphambi kokulala ... UMartin wathandazela ukuthi angayiboni indlela ehehayo engaphezulu kwakhe. Ekhumbula leso sikhathi ebusheni bakhe, wazibuza ukuthi ngabe kwenzeka ngempela yini ukuthi wake wagxuma esuka ekhanda lombhede waya esithombeni, nokuthi ngabe lesi kwakuyisiqalo salolo hambo olujabulisayo nolubuhlungu olwaba yimpilo yakhe yonke. Kwakungathi ukhumbula amakhaza omhlaba, ukuhwalala kwehlathi okuluhlaza, amajika endlela, enqamula lapha nalaphaya ngempande enemigoqo, ukubenyezela kweziqu, edlula egijima engagqokanga zicathulo, nomoya omnyama oyinqaba. egcwele amathuba amahle.