Umlenze (osuselwa kwelesiLatini elithi gamba elisho ukugogeka kwezilwane) uyingxenye yomlenze ongezansi ophakathi kwedolo neqakala.

Amathambo omlenze. Umlenze wakhiwe ngamathambo amabili ahlanganiswe ulwelwesi lwethambo (1):

• i-tibia, ithambo elide nelikhulu, elitholakala ngaphambili komlenze
• i-fibula (ebizwa nangokuthi i-fibula), ithambo elide, elincane elibekwe eceleni nangemuva kwe-tibia.

Engxenyeni engenhla, i-tibia ikhuluma nge-fibula (noma i-fibula) kanye ne-femur, ithambo eliphakathi kwethanga, ukwenza idolo. Emaphethelweni aphansi, i-fibula (noma i-fibula) ihambisana ne-tibia ne-talus ukuze yakhe iqakala.

Imisipha yemilenze. Umlenze wenziwe ngamakamelo amathathu akhiwe ngemisipha ehlukene (1):

• Igumbi elingaphambili elakhiwe imisipha emine: i-tibialis anterior, i-extensor digitorum longus, i-extensor hallucis longus kanye ne-fibular yesithathu.
• i-lateral compartment eyakhiwa imisipha emibili: i-fibular longus muscle kanye ne-fibular short muscle.
• Igumbi elingemuva elakhiwe imisipha eyisikhombisa ehlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili:

  - indawo engaphezulu ehlanganisa umsipha we-plantar kanye ne-triceps sural muscle, ehlanganisa izinyanda ezintathu: i-lateral gastrocnemius, i-medial gastrocnemius kanye ne-solar muscle.

  - indawo ejulile eyenziwe nge-poliphate, i-flexor digitorum longus, i-flexor hallucis longus ne-tibialis posterior.

Ikhompatimenti esemaceleni kanye nengxenye engemuva kwakha ithole.

Ukunikezwa kwegazi emlenzeni. I-compartment yangaphambili ihlinzekwa yimikhumbi ye-tibial yangaphambili, kuyilapho i-posterior compartment ihlinzekwa yimikhumbi ye-posterior tibial kanye nemikhumbi ye-peroneal (1).

Innervation yomlenze. I-anterior, lateral kanye ne-posterior compartments ngokulandelanayo ayinakuvinjelwa yi-peroneal nerve ejulile, i-superficial peroneal nerve kanye ne-tibial nerve. (2)

Ukudluliswa kwesisindo. Umlenze udlulisa isisindo sisuka ethangeni siye eqakaleni (3).

Umuzwa womsindo onamandla. Isakhiwo kanye nesimo somlenze kunomthelela ekhonweni lokunyakaza nokugcina ukuma okuhle.

Ubuhlungu emilenzeni. Izimbangela zobuhlungu emlenzeni zingahlukahluka.

• Izilonda zamathambo. Ubuhlungu obukhulu emlenzeni kungenzeka bube ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwe-tibia noma i-fibula (noma i-fibula).
• I-Pathologies yamathambo. Ubuhlungu emlenzeni kungenzeka ngenxa yesifo samathambo njenge-osteoporosis.
• Izifo zemisipha. Imisipha yemilenze ingabhekana nobuhlungu ngaphandle kokulimala njengokuminyanisa noma ukulimala kwemisipha njengokuqina noma ukudonsa kanzima. Emisipha, ama-tendon angabangela nobuhlungu emlenzeni, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi se-tendinopathies njenge-tendonitis.
• I-pathologies ye-vascular. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwe-venous emilenzeni, umuzwa wemilenze esindayo ungase uzwe. Kubonakala ngokukhethekile ngokushaywa, ukugcotshwa kanye nokuba ndikindiki. Izimbangela zezimpawu zomlenze ezinzima zihlukahlukene. Kwezinye izimo, ezinye izimpawu zingase zivele njengemithambo ye-varicose ngenxa yokwenyuka kwemithambo noma i-phlebitis ngenxa yokwakheka kwamahlule egazi.
• Izifo zemizwa. Imilenze ingaba yindawo ye-pathologies yezinzwa.

Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholakele, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa okuhlukile kungase kunqunywe ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala kanye nokuqinisa izicubu zamathambo.

Ukwelashwa okuyizimpawu. Endabeni yezifo zemithambo yegazi, ukucindezelwa okunwebeka kungabekwa ukunciphisa ukuncipha kwemithambo.

Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-pathology olutholakele, kungahlinzwa.

Ukwelashwa kwamathambo. Ngokuya ngohlobo lokwephuka, ukufakwa kosimende noma i-resin kungenziwa.

Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba. Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezithile zokuzivocavoca, kungabekwa njenge-physiotherapy noma i-physiotherapy.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuze kugcinwe futhi kuhlolwe izimpawu ezibonwa yisiguli.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezokwelapha. Ukuze ubone izifo ezithile, ukuhlaziywa kwegazi noma komchamo kungenziwa, ngokwesibonelo, isilinganiso se-phosphorus noma i-calcium.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha. Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, i-CT noma i-MRI scintigraphy, noma i-bone densitometry yamathambo, ingasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa noma ukujulisa ukuxilongwa.

I-Doppler ultrasound. Le-ultrasound ethize yenza sikwazi ukubona ukuhamba kwegazi.

Ngo-2013, i-New England Journal of Medicine yethule i-athikili eyayichaza ngempumelelo entsha yama-bionic prostheses. Ithimba labaphenyi abavela eChicago Rehabilitation Institute libeke ngempumelelo umlenze wamarobhothi endaweni yesiguli esinqunywe imilenze. Lesi sakamuva sikwazi ukulawula lo mlenze we-bionic ngomcabango. (4)