Leap iminyaka ngohlu ekhulwini lama-21

Usuku olwengeziwe onyakeni, kungase kubonakale, kufanele kube yithuba elihle lokwenza yonke into ongenaso isikhathi sokuyenza ngokujwayelekile 365. Kodwa cha, kukhona okungahambanga kahle engqondweni yomphakathi: udumo lwanoma yimuphi unyaka unebhadi lokubhekwa njengonyaka we-leap njalo undiza ngaphambi kwawo.

Ikakhulukazi abantu abanezinkolelo-ze bazilungiselela kusengaphambili uxhaxha lwezinkinga, ukuze, lapho sebewele kuzo, babe namandla angokomoya okumelana nokudalelwa. Hhayi kuphela emazwini ogogo bethu, kodwa futhi kokuthunyelwe kwenetha, ungathola amathiphu amaningi okuziphatha kangcono phakathi nonyaka we-leap ukuze unciphise imiphumela emibi ezoba nayo empilweni. Ake sibhale iminyaka ye-leap ngokohlu lwekhulu lama-21, futhi sikutshele ukuthi usuku olwengeziwe luvelaphi nokuthi yini imvelaphi yokwesaba okungenangqondo kwalo.

Iminyaka ye-Leap ekhulwini lama-21

Kungani iminyaka ibizwa ngokuthi iminyaka ye-leap?

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi inombolo eyengeziwe ivela kuphi ekhalendeni, kufanelekile ukuqonda ukuthi uyini unyaka we-solar (ubizwa nangokuthi unyaka oshisayo). Lesi isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze uMhlaba wenze ukuzungeza okukodwa okuphelele okuzungeze iLanga. Le nqubo ithatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-365 amahora ama-5 nemizuzu engama-49. Futhi nakuba amahora ambalwa, njengoba kubonakala ekuqaleni, anganakwa, awakwenzi lokhu ngesizathu esisodwa esilula: eminyakeni emine, amahora anjalo engeziwe ahlanganisa cishe usuku olugcwele. Yingakho sengeza usuku olulodwa ekhalendeni – ukuze sinqobe umehluko phakathi kwekhalenda nesikhathi sangempela soguquko Lomhlaba oluvele eminyakeni embalwa edlule.

Ikhalenda likaJulian

Igama elithi "gxuma" ngokwalo livela kwisiLatini. Kungabizwa ngokuthi ukulotshwa kwamahhala kwegama elithi “bis sextus”, elihunyushwa ngokuthi “owesibili wesithupha.” ERoma lasendulo, lapho ikhalenda livela khona ngenxa kaJulius Caesar, ezinye izinsuku zenyanga zazinamagama akhethekile: usuku lokuqala lwenyanga - calenda, lwesihlanu noma lwesikhombisa - nona, lweshumi nantathu noma lweshumi nanhlanu - ida. U-February 24 wawubhekwa njengosuku lwesithupha ngaphambi kwamakhalenda ka-March. Usuku olwengeziwe onyakeni, olwengezwe ukuze kunxeshezelwe umehluko phakathi kwezinombolo ezisekhalendeni kanye nesikhathi sokuhamba koMhlaba, lwabekwa eduze kwalo, lulubiza ngokuthi “bis sextus” – olwesibili lwesithupha. Kamuva, usuku lwashintsha kancane - unyaka e-Ancient Rome waqala ngo-March, ngokulandelana, uFebhuwari kwakuyinyanga yokugcina, yeshumi nambili. Ngakho kwanezelwa olunye usuku ekupheleni konyaka.

Ikhalenda likaGregorian

Ikhalenda likaJulius Caesar, nakuba liyimpumelelo enkulu yesintu, empeleni alinembile ngokuphelele, futhi laqhutshwa ngokungalungile eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala. Ngo 45 BC. – unyaka wokuqala ogxumelayo emlandweni, izazi zezinkanyezi zabala isikhathi esihluke kancane senzuzo yonyaka yomhlaba - izinsuku ezingama-365 namahora ayi-6, leli nani lihluka ngemizuzu eyi-11 kunelemanje. Imizuzu embalwa yomehluko ingeza osukwini olugcwele cishe eminyakeni eyi-128.

Umehluko phakathi kwekhalenda nesikhathi sangempela wabonakala ngekhulu le-16 - i-equinox ye-vernal, lapho usuku lwePhasika lamaKatolika luncike enkolweni yamaKatolika, lwafika ezinsukwini eziyishumi ngaphambi kosuku oluhleliwe luka-March 21. Ngakho-ke, uPapa uGregory Wesishiyagalombili waguqula ikhalenda likaJulius, ukushintsha imithetho yokubala iminyaka ye-leap:

• uma inani lonyaka lingahlukaniswa ngo-4 ngaphandle kwensalela, unyaka oleap;
• iminyaka esele, amanani ayo ahlukaniswa nge-100 ngaphandle kwensalela, iminyaka engeyona eyeqile;
• iminyaka esele, amanani ayo ahlukaniswa ngama-400 ngaphandle kwensalela, iminyaka ye-leap.

Kancane kancane, umhlaba wonke washintshela ekhalendeni likaGregory, elinye lawokugcina ukwenza kanjalo kwakuyiZwe Lethu, ngo-1918. Nokho, lokhu kubalwa kwezikhathi nakho akuphelele, okusho ukuthi ngolunye usuku kuyovela amakhalenda amasha, okuyoletha izinkolelo-ze ezintsha. .

Unini unyaka olandelayo we-leap

Unyaka onjalo usegcekeni njengamanje, olandelayo uzofika ngo-2024.

Ukubala "unyaka we-leap" wonyaka kulula kakhulu, awukwazi ngisho nokuphendukela ekhalendeni. Manje siphila ngokwekhalenda likaGregory, ngokusho kwalo, njalo ngomzuzwana owodwa unyaka owodwa.

Kulula ukuwubala emqondweni wakho: owokuqala ngisho unyaka emva kuka-2000 ngu-2002, owesibili olingana unyaka ka-2004, unyaka wokugxuma; U-2006 ujwayelekile, u-2008 unyaka we-leap; njalo njalo. Unyaka oyinqaba awusoze waba unyaka we-leap.

Iminyaka yakudala ye-leap: okwenzekile kubalulekile

Ukwesaba nokwesaba konyaka we-leap akusekelwa yinoma yini ngaphandle kwenkumbulo yezizukulwane. Izinkolelo-ze zavela kudala kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthola umsuka wazo. Okuwukuphela kwento engashiwo ngokuqinisekile ukuthi amaSlav, amaCelt, namaRoma ayevumelana ngokumangalisayo ezinkolelweni zawo. Isizwe ngasinye sasilindele ukubamba izinhlanzi kusukela ngonyaka onenani lezinsuku ezingajwayelekile.

Ezweni Lethu, kulokhu, kwakukhona inganekwane ephathelene noSt. Kasyan, owakhaphela iNkosi futhi wachezukela ohlangothini lobubi. Isijeziso sikaNkulunkulu samfica masinyane futhi sasinonya - iminyaka emithathu uKasyan e-Underworld washaywa ekhanda ngesando, kwathi ngolwesine wadedelwa eMhlabeni, lapho ethukuthele khona, edla abantu unyaka wonke.

Okhokho bethu, ababeyixwaya iminyaka ye-leap, cishe babeyibheka njengokwehluleka okuthile ngokwemvelo, ukuchezuka esimweni esivamile nesivamile sezindaba.

Kuwo wonke umlando, iminyaka eminingi iye yaba nezinkinga nezinhlekelele eziningi. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• 1204: Ukuwa kweConstantinople, ukuwa koMbuso WaseByzantium.
• 1232: Ukuqala KweNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki YaseSpain.
• 1400: Kuqubuka ubhadane lwesifo esimnyama, okufa kuso sonke izakhamuzi ezintathu zaseYurophu.
• 1572: Ubusuku bukaSt. Bartholomew's kwenzeka - isibhicongo samaHuguenot eFrance.
• 1896: I-tsunami yaseJapane ephula irekhodi.
• 1908: ukuwa kwe-meteorite yaseTunguska.
• 1912: Ukucwila kwe-Titanic.
• 2020: Ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke lwe-coronavirus.

Kodwa-ke, akufanele sikhohlwe mayelana namandla amakhulu okuhlangana, kanye neqiniso lokuthi izinhlekelele ezifana nokuqala kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili kanye neMpi Yezwe Enkulu, ukuhlasela kwamaphekula ngo-September 11 kanye nokuqhuma kwesikhungo samandla enuzi saseChernobyl. eminyakeni engeyona ye-leap. Yingakho kungabalulekile ukuthi zingaki izinsuku eziwela onyakeni, kodwa ukuthi sizilawula kanjani.