Thatha ama-quota
Kukhona ama-quota okubamba imikhomo ebulalayo kanye nemikhomo ye-beluga. Nakuba kamuva nje bebengu-zero. Ngo-1982, ukubanjwa kwezentengiselwano kwavalwa ngokuphelele. Ngisho nabantu bomdabu, kuze kube namuhla abakwazi ukuhlanganyela ngokukhululekile ekukhiqizeni kwabo, abanalo ilungelo lokuzithengisa. Kusukela ngo-2002, imikhomo ebulalayo iye yavunyelwa ukuba ibanjwe. Kuphela ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi bavuthiwe ngokobulili, ababhalisiwe eNcwadini Ebomvu futhi ababona abesifazane abanezimpawu ezicacile zokukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, imikhomo engu-11 engavuthiwe futhi eyingxenye ye-transit subspecies (okungukuthi, efakwe ku-Red Book) imikhomo ebulalayo ngenxa yesizathu esithile igcinwe "ejele lomkhomo". Izabelo zokuthwebula kwazo zamukelwe. Kanjani? Akwaziwa.
Inkinga ngama-quotas ukuthi usayizi oqondile we-whale ebulalayo oLwandle lwase-Okhotsk awaziwa. Ngakho-ke, akwamukelekile ukubabamba okwamanje. Ngisho nokucupha okulawulwayo kungathinta kakhulu izilwane ezincelisayo. Umbhali walesi sicelo, u-Yulia Malygina, uyachaza: “Ukuntula ulwazi ngezilwane ezincelisayo oLwandle Lwase-Okhotsk kuyiqiniso elisikisela ukuthi kufanele kuvinjelwe ukumba lezi zilwane.” Uma amankonyane e-transiting killer whale eqhubeka nokuvunwa, lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni ngokuphelele kwezinhlobo zezilwane.
Njengoba sitholile, mincane kakhulu imikhomo ebulalayo manje egcinwe eduze kwaseNakhodka emhlabeni. Amakhulu ambalwa nje. Ngeshwa, azala amawundlu kanye kuphela eminyakeni emihlanu. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo ludinga ukubhekwa okukhethekile - ngaphandle "kwejele le-whale".
Imigomo yamasiko nezemfundo
Noma kunjalo, izinkampani ezine zathola imvume esemthethweni yokuvuna izilwane ezincelisayo. Bonke babanjwe ngokwesabelo ngokwezinjongo zemfundo namasiko. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imikhomo ebulalayo kanye nemikhomo ye-beluga kufanele iye kuma-dolphinarium noma ososayensi ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo. Futhi ngokusho kweGreenpeace Russia, izilwane zizothengiswa eChina. Phela izinkampani ezimenyezelwe zicasha ngezinhloso zemfundo kuphela. I-Oceanarium DV ngempela yafaka isicelo semvume yokuthekelisa imikhomo ye-beluga, kodwa ngenxa yokuhlolwa, yenqatshwa uMnyango Wezemvelo. I-Russia yiyona kuphela izwe emhlabeni lapho ukuthengiswa kwemikhomo ebulalayo kwamanye amazwe kuvunyelwe, ngakho-ke isinqumo singenziwa kalula ngokuzuzisa osomabhizinisi.
Izilwane ezincelisayo zalezi zinkampani zinenani elikhulu, futhi azigcini nje ngokwamasiko nemfundo. Izindleko zokuphila zasolwandle ziyizigidi ezingu-19 zamaRandi. Futhi imali ingatholakala kalula ngokuthengisa ama-Mormleks phesheya.
Leli cala likude nelokuqala. NgoJulayi, iHhovisi Lomshushisi Jikelele lathola ukuthi izinhlangano ezine zezohwebo, amagama azo angadalulwanga, zanikeza i-Federal Agency for Fishery ulwazi olungamanga. Baphinde baveza ukuthi bazosebenzisa ama-killer whale emisebenzini yamasiko nokufundisa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, bona ngokwabo bathengisa izilwane eziyisikhombisa phesheya ngokungemthetho.
Ukuvimbela amacala anjalo, izishoshovu zenze isicelo kuwebhusayithi yeRussian Public Initiative . Ababhali bohlu lwezikhalazo bayaqiniseka ukuthi lokhu kuzokwaziukuvikela amagugu kazwelonke we-Russian Federation kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo zolwandle lwaseRussia. Izophinde ibe negalelo “ekuthuthukisweni kwezokuvakasha ezindaweni zemvelo zezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle” futhi ithuthukise isithombe sezwe lethu ezingeni lamazwe ngamazwe njengombuso owamukela “izindinganiso eziphakeme zokongiwa kwemvelo.”
Icala lobugebengu
Endabeni yama-killer whales nama-beluga whales, konke ukwephulwa kuyabonakala. Imikhomo ebulalayo eyishumi nanye ingamathole futhi ibhalwe ku-Red Book of the Kamchatka Territory, ama-beluga angama-87 angaphezu kweminyaka yokuthomba, okungukuthi, akekho kubo oseneminyaka eyishumi ubudala. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, iKomidi Lophenyo liqale (futhi lenza ngendlela efanele) icala lokubanjwa kwezilwane ngokungemthetho.
Ngemva kwalokho, abaphenyi bathola ukuthi imikhomo ebulalayo kanye nemikhomo okuthiwa i-beluga esesikhungweni sokuzijwayeza inakekelwa ngendlela engafanele, futhi izimo zabo zokuboshwa zishiya kungalindelekile. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi imikhomo ebulalayo ngokwemvelo ithuthukisa isivinini esingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-50 ngehora, e-Srednyaya Bay isechibini elingamamitha angu-25 ubude namamitha angu-3,5 ukujula, okungabaniki ithuba. ukusheshisa. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusobala ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuhlolwa, izilonda kanye nezinguquko esikhumbeni kwatholakala kwezinye izilwane. Ihhovisi lomshushisi laphawula ukwephulwa emkhakheni wokulawulwa kwenhlanzeko ngesisekelo sokuchayeka ngokweqile. Imithetho yokugcina izinhlanzi eziqandisiwe ukuze zondliwe iphulwa, akukho lwazi mayelana nokubulala amagciwane, azikho izikhungo zokwelapha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle zicindezelekile njalo. Umuntu oyedwa kusolwa ukuthi unenyumoniya. Amasampula amanzi abonise ama-microorganisms amaningi okunzima kakhulu ukulwa nesilwane. Konke lokhu kwanikeza iKomiti Yophenyo izizathu zokuba ivule icala ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi “ukuphathwa ngonya kwezilwane.”
Londoloza izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle
Kwakungalesi siqubulo lapho abantu bangena emigwaqweni yaseKhabarovsk. Kuhlelwe ipikili ngokumelene "nejele lomkhomo". Lezi zishoshovu ziphume nezingqwembe zaya ebhilidini le-Investigative Committee. Ngakho-ke bazwakalisa isimo sabo somphakathi mayelana nezilwane ezincelisayo: ukuthunjwa kwazo ngokungemthetho, unya kuzo, kanye nokuzithengisa eChina ngezinjongo zokuzijabulisa.
Umkhuba womhlaba ukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi ukugcina izilwane ekuthunjweni akusona isixazululo esinengqondo kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, e-USA, isibonelo, manje sekunomzabalazo osebenzayo wokuvimbela ukugcinwa kwemikhomo ebulalayo ekuthunjweni: esifundazweni saseCalifornia, umthetho usuvele ucatshangelwa owenqabela ukuxhashazwa kwemikhomo ebulalayo njengezilwane zasesekisini. Isifunda saseNew York sesivele sawuphasisa lo mthetho. E-India nakwamanye amazwe amaningi, ukugcinwa kwemikhomo ebulalayo, imikhomo yama-beluga, amahlengethwa nama-cetacean nakho kuvinjelwe. Lapho balinganiswa nabantu abazimele.
Kuphuthelwe
Izilwane ezincelisayo zaqala ukunyamalala ezindaweni ezivalekile. Kwanyamalala imikhomo emithathu emhlophe nomkhomo owodwa obulalayo. Manje sekunezingu-87 nezingu-11 zazo, ngokulandelana - okwenza kube nzima inqubo yophenyo. Ngokusho kwamalungu e-For the Freedom of Killer Whales kanye ne-Beluga Whales, akunakwenzeka ukuphunyuka "ejele lomkhomo": izindawo ezivaliwe zibhekwa njalo, zilenga amanetha namakhamera. UHovhannes Targulyan, uchwepheshe wophiko lokucwaninga iGreenpeace, uphawula kanje ngalokhu: “Izilwane ezincane nezibuthaka kakhulu, lezo okufanele zidle ubisi lukanina, sezinyamalele. Cishe bafa.” Ngisho nakanye emanzini avulekile, abantu abalahlekile ngaphandle kokusekelwa bazokufa.
Ukuze ingalindi ezinye izilwane ukuba zife, iGreenpeace iphakamise ukuthi izikhulule, kodwa ikwenze ngokucophelela nangokucophelela, kuphela ngemva kokwelashwa nokuvuselelwa. Uphenyo oluthatha isikhathi eside kanye ne-red tape yomnyango ephumelelayo kuphazamisa le nqubo. Azivumeli izilwane ukuba zibuyiselwe endaweni yazo yemvelo.
NgoSuku Lomhlaba Wonke Lomkhomo, igatsha laseRussia laseGreenpeace lamemezela ukuthi selikulungele ukuhlela ukushisisa kwezibaya “ejele lomkhomo” ngezindleko zalo ukuze kulondolozwe ukuphila nempilo yemikhomo ebulalayo ize idedelwe. Nokho, i-Marine Mammal Council ixwayisa ngokuthi “lapho izilwane zihlala isikhathi eside, zijwayele ukujwayela abantu”, kuzoba nzima nakakhulu ukuthi zibe namandla futhi ziphile zodwa.
Uyini umphumela?
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwesayensi yezwe kanye neRussia kusitshela ukuthi imikhomo ebulalayo kanye nemikhomo ye-beluga ihlelwe kakhulu. Bayakwazi ukubekezelela ukucindezeleka nobuhlungu. Bayakwazi ukulondoloza izibopho zomkhaya. Kuyacaca ukuthi kungani lezi zilwane zifakwa ohlwini lwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, lapho umkhawulo wokubamba okuvunyelwe ubekwe minyaka yonke.
Nokho, okwenzekayo yilokho okwenzekayo. Imikhomo emincane ebulalayo ibanjwa ngaphandle kwemvume, ngaphandle kwemvume izama ukuyidayisa phesheya. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, kuyadingeka ukubandakanya abantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. UMongameli waseRussia u-Vladimir Putin useyalele kakade “ukulungisa izinkinga futhi, uma kunesidingo, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kwenziwa izinguquko emthethweni mayelana nokunquma izici zokukhishwa nokusetshenziswa kwezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle kanye nokusungula izidingo zokunakekelwa kwazo.” NgoMashi 1, lolu daba luthenjiswe ukuthi luzoxazululwa. Ingabe bazozigcina izithembiso zabo noma baqale kabusha inqubo? Kumele sibukele nje...