Amaphupho avelaphi? Zidingekani? USolwazi Michel Jouvet, owathola isigaba sokulala se-REM, uyaphendula.
Psychology: Amaphupho avela ngesikhathi sobuthongo obuyindida. Kuyini futhi ukwazile kanjani ukuthola ubukhona balesi sigaba?
UMichel Jouvet: Ukulala kwe-REM kwatholwa ilabhorethri yethu ngo-1959. Sitadisha ukwakheka kwama-conditioned reflexes emakati, singalindele saqopha into emangalisayo engakaze ichazwe noma kuphi ngaphambili. Isilwane esilele sabonisa ukunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo, ukusebenza kobuchopho okukhulu, cishe njengalapho siphapheme, kuyilapho imisipha ikhululeke ngokuphelele. Lokhu okutholakele kuguqule yonke imibono yethu ngamaphupho yabheka phansi.
Ngaphambilini, kwakukholelwa ukuthi iphupho liwuchungechunge lwezithombe ezimfushane umuntu azibona ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuvuka. Isimo somzimba esisitholile akukona ukulala okujwayelekile nokuphaphama, kodwa isimo sesithathu esikhethekile. Sakubiza ngokuthi “ubuthongo obuyindida” ngoba ngokuxakayo kuhlanganisa ukuphumula okuphelele kwemisipha yomzimba kanye nomsebenzi omkhulu wobuchopho; kuwukuphaphama okusebenzayo okuqondiswe ngaphakathi.
Umuntu uphupha kangaki ebusuku?
Amane amahlanu. Isikhathi samaphupho okuqala asikho ngaphezu kwemizuzu engu-18-20, "izikhathi" ezimbili zokugcina zide, imizuzu engu-25-30 ngayinye. Ngokuvamile sikhumbula iphupho lakamuva, eliphetha ngokuvuka kwethu. Kungaba yinde noma kuhlanganisa iziqephu ezine noma ezinhlanu ezimfushane - bese kubonakala kithi sengathi besiphupha ubusuku bonke.
Kukhona amaphupho akhethekile lapho olele ebona ukuthi isenzo asenzeki empeleni
Sekukonke, wonke amaphupho ethu obusuku ahlala cishe imizuzu engama-90. Ubude bawo buncike eminyakeni yobudala. Ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, amaphupho enza ama-60% esikhathi sazo sokulala esiphelele, kanti kubantu abadala singama-20% kuphela. Yingakho abanye ososayensi bephikisa ngokuthi ukulala kunendima ebalulekile ekuvuthweni kobuchopho.
Uthole nokuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zenkumbulo ezibandakanyekayo ekuphupheni…
Ngifike kulesi siphetho ngokuhlaziya amaphupho ami - 6600, kunjalo! Kwase kwaziwa ukuthi amaphupho abonisa izehlakalo zosuku oludlule, okuhlangenwe nakho kwesonto eledlule. Kodwa nakhu uya, uthi, e-Amazon.
Esontweni lokuqala lohambo lwakho, amaphupho akho azokwenzeka "kuzilungiselelo" zasekhaya, futhi iqhawe labo lingase libe iNdiya elihlala endlini yakho. Lesi sibonelo sibonisa ukuthi hhayi nje inkumbulo yesikhashana yezenzakalo ezizayo, kodwa futhi inkumbulo yesikhathi eside ihilelekile ekudaleni amaphupho ethu.
Kungani abanye abantu bengawakhumbuli amaphupho abo?
Kunamaphesenti angamashumi amabili phakathi kwethu. Umuntu akakhumbuli amaphupho akhe ezimweni ezimbili. Okokuqala ukuthi uma ephaphama ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa ukuphela kwephupho, ngalesi sikhathi liyanyamalala ekhanda. Enye incazelo inikezwa yi-psychoanalysis: umuntu uyavuka, futhi "I" yakhe - enye yezakhiwo eziyinhloko zobuntu - ihlola kakhulu izithombe "ezivela" kusukela ekungazi lutho. Futhi konke ukhohliwe.
Iphupho lenziwa ngani?
Ngama-40% - kusukela emibonweni yosuku, nokunye - kusukela ezigcawini ezihlobene nokwesaba kwethu, izinkathazo, izinkathazo. Kunamaphupho akhethekile lapho olele ebona khona ukuthi isenzo asenzeki empeleni; akhona - kungani kungenjalo? – namaphupho ayisiprofetho. Ngisanda kufunda amaphupho ama-Afrika amabili. Sebehlale eFrance isikhathi eside, kodwa njalo ebusuku baphupha nge-Afrika yabo yokuzalwa. Itimu yamaphupho ikude nokukhathala yisayensi, futhi isifundo esisha ngasinye siqinisekisa lokhu kuphela.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40 yocwaningo, ungaphendula umbuzo wokuthi kungani umuntu edinga amaphupho?
Kuyadumaza - cha! Kuseyimpicabadala. Ososayensi bezinzwa abazi ukuthi amaphupho ani, njengoba nje bengazi kahle ukuthi kuyini ukwazi. Kwaphela isikhathi eside kukholakala ukuthi amaphupho ayadingeka ukugcwalisa izindawo zokugcina inkumbulo yethu. Base bethola ukuthi lapho singekho isigaba sokulala namaphupho okuyindida, umuntu akabi nazo izinkinga ngenkumbulo noma ukucabanga.
Amaphupho asiza izinqubo ezithile zokufunda futhi ahlobene ngokuqondile nekusasa lethu.
Isazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo esiyiNgisi uFrancis Crick sabeka phambili umbono ophambene: amaphupho asiza ukukhohlwa! Okusho ukuthi, ubuchopho, njengekhompiyutha enkulu, busebenzisa amaphupho ukuze busule izinkumbulo ezingasho lutho. Kodwa kulokhu, umuntu ongaboni amaphupho angaba nokukhubazeka okukhulu kwenkumbulo. Futhi lokhu akunjalo. Ngokombono, kunamabala amaningi amhlophe ngokujwayelekile. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nesigaba sokulala kwe-REM, umzimba wethu usebenzisa umoya-mpilo omningi kunangesikhathi sokuphaphama. Futhi akekho owaziyo ukuthi kungani!
Ucabange ukuthi amaphupho agcina ubuchopho bethu bugijima.
Ngizosho okunye: kusasa kuzalwa emaphusheni, bayalilungiselela. Isenzo sabo singafaniswa nendlela yokubona ngeso lengqondo: isibonelo, ngobusuku bangaphambi komncintiswano, umshushuluzi ugijima ngengqondo yonke ithrekhi amehlo akhe evaliwe. Uma silinganisa umsebenzi wobuchopho bakhe ngosizo lwezinsimbi, sizothola idatha efanayo njengokungathi wayesevele esendleleni!
Phakathi nesigaba sokulala okuyindida, izinqubo zobuchopho ezifanayo zenzeka njengakumuntu ovukayo. Futhi phakathi nosuku, ubuchopho bethu buvula ngokushesha leyo ngxenye yama-neurons eyayihilelekile phakathi namaphupho asebusuku. Ngakho, amaphupho asiza izinqubo ezithile zokufunda futhi ahlobene ngokuqondile nekusasa lethu. Ungabeka ngamafuphi i-aphorism: Ngiyaphupha, ngakho-ke, ikusasa likhona!
Mayelana nochwepheshe
UMichel Jouvet - i-neurophysiologist kanye ne-neurologist, omunye "wobaba abasungula" abathathu be-somnology yesimanje (isayensi yokulala), ilungu le-National Academy of Sciences yaseFrance, uqondisa ucwaningo mayelana nesimo sokulala namaphupho e-French National Institute of Health and Medical Research .