Ekwelapheni i-melanoma ethuthukisiwe, ukuphumelela kwaba uhlobo olusha lwe-immunotherapy, olusetshenziswa nasePoland eqenjini elikhethiwe leziguli, ochwepheshe abaziswe ngesikhathi kunengqungquthela yabezindaba eWarsaw.
Inhloko yomtholampilo wezicubu ezithambile, umdlavuza wamathambo kanye nemelanoma esikhungweni se-Oncology eWarsaw, uprofesa. UPiotr Rutkowski uthe kuze kube muva nje, iziguli ezinemelanoma esezingeni eliphezulu zingaphila isigamu sonyaka kuphela. Ngenxa ye-immunotherapy entsha, evula isamukeli sokufa esihleliwe se-PD-1 futhi senze amasosha omzimba alwe namaseli omdlavuza, ingxenye yeziguli iphila izinyanga ezingama-24. Abanye babo baphila isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Izidakamizwa ezivimba isamukeli se-PD-1 zibhalisiwe e-European Union, kodwa azikabuyiselwa e-Poland. Kodwa-ke, ayatholakala emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, kuhlanganisa. eSlovakia, eSweden, eCzech Republic, eFinland, eSlovenia, eBulgaria, e-Ireland, eSpain, eDenmark, eLuxembourg, e-Austria, eGreece naseGreat Britain. Ngaphandle kwe-EU, le mithi ibuye ibuyiselwe e-United States, Canada, Israel naseSwitzerland.
"Silindele ukubuyiselwa kwemali yala malungiselelo, ngoba ngaphandle kwabo kunzima ukukhuluma ngokwelashwa kwesimanje kwe-melanoma ye-metastatic ethuthukisiwe, okunikeza ezinye iziguli ithemba elikhulu lokunwetshwa kokuphila kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yayo" - kugcizelela uProf. Rutkowski. Le mithi ngokuvamile ayibangeli imiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Kuze kube manje, i-Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariffs ikhiphe umbono omuhle mayelana nokubuyiselwa kwezidakamizwa ezivimbela i-PD-1 ngaphansi kohlelo lwezidakamizwa kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezigunyazwe ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo.
Amalungiselelo okuvula i-PD-1 receptor, nokho, asetshenziswa ezweni lethu, kuze kube manje eqenjini elikhethiwe leziguli. UProf. Rutkowski uthe endabeni ye-melanoma, kuze kube manje sebesetshenziswe ezigulini ezingaphezu kuka-200, ezingu-100 kuzo zisaphila. Baphathwe njengengxenye yokuhlolwa komtholampilo noma lokho okubizwa ngokuthi Uhlelo Lokwelapha Lokufinyelela Kwangaphambi Kokushesha oluxhaswe ngumkhiqizi wezidakamizwa.
“Lolu hlelo, olwaqala ngoNdasa wezi-2015, lubhalise iziguli ezingu-61 ezine-advance metastatic melanoma. Kusukela kuleli qembu, iziguli ezingu-30 zisaphathwa "- kusho uProf. Rutkowski.
Umxhumanisi kazwelonke emkhakheni we-clinical oncology uprofesa. UMaciej Krzakowski, inhloko yomtholampilo womdlavuza wamaphaphu e-Oncology Center eWarsaw, uthe izidakamizwa ezivula i-PD-1 receptor e-United States kanye ne-European Union nazo zivunyelwe ukwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu. E-Poland, okwamanje atholakala kuphela njengengxenye yokuhlolwa komtholampilo.
“Kuze kube manje, izidakamizwa zalolu hlobo zisetshenziswe kuphela njengokwelashwa okulandelayo (isigaba III), lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha seziphelile. Manje ukusetshenziswa kwabo ekwelashweni komugqa wokuqala sekucatshangelwa “- kusho uProf. Krzakowski. Lokhu kushintsha isu lokwelapha izifo ezifana ne-melanoma ethuthukisiwe (isigaba IV noma esingasebenzi, isigaba III).
UProfesa Krzakowski wachaza ukuthi imidlavuza eminingi igwema ukuhlaselwa kwamangqamuzana omzimba esiguli. Avimbela ukusebenza kwesamukeli se-PD-1 ebusweni balawa maseli (ama-lymphocyte). Basebenzisa indlela umzimba oyisebenzisayo ukuvimbela amasosha omzimba ukuba enze ngobudlova (okuvikela izifo ezizimele).
"Izidakamizwa zesizukulwane esilandelayo zivula ama-receptors e-PD-1, zenze amasosha omzimba abone kangcono futhi alwe namaseli omdlavuza," kusho umxhumanisi kazwelonke.
Ochwepheshe bavumile ngesikhathi benomhlangano nezintatheli ukuthi ayikho indlela okwamanje yokucacisa ukuthi yisiphi isiguli esizohlomula kulolu hlobo lwe-immunotherapy. Endabeni ye-melanoma, iziguli ezinezimpawu eziphezulu ze-PD-1 receptors ngokuvamile zisabela kangcono. NgoZibandlela wezi-2015, esinye sezidakamizwa ezinjalo sagunyazwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wezinso e-United States.
UProf. Krzakowski uthe isisombululo esihle kuzoba ukuxhasa lolu hlobo lokwelapha ngesabelomali sikahulumeni uma lusebenza kahle esigulini esithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunethuba lokuthi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ukwelashwa okunjalo kungayekwa okungenani kwezinye iziguli, lapho amasosha omzimba ezokwazi ukulawula ukukhula kwesifo se-neoplastic ngokwaso.
I-American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) ngoFebhuwari 2016 yaqaphela i-immunotherapy (ukuvula i-PD-1 receptor) njengempumelelo enkulu ku-oncology ngo-2015. Lokhu kubikwe embikweni wonyaka we-11 "Intuthuko Yomdlavuza Womtholampilo 2016". I-Immunotherapy izoba ngesinye sezihloko eziphambili zengqungquthela yaminyaka yonke ye-AZSCO, ezoqala eChicago ekupheleni kukaMeyi.