Ucwaningo lwezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-400 zezilwane ezinegazi elibandayo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ngenxa yokwenyuka kwamazinga okushisa avamile emhlabeni wonke, izilwane zasolwandle zisengozini yokushabalala kunezasemhlabeni.
Iphephabhuku i-Nature lanyathelisa ucwaningo oluphawula ukuthi izilwane zasolwandle ziyanyamalala ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo ngenani eliphindwe kabili lezilwane zasemhlabeni ngenxa yezindlela ezimbalwa zokuthola indawo yokukhosela emazingeni okushisa afudumele.
Lolu cwaningo, oluholwa ososayensi baseNyuvesi yaseRutgers eNew Jersey, luqala ukuqhathanisa imiphumela yokufudumala kolwandle namazinga okushisa asemhlabeni kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezinegazi elibandayo, kusukela ezinhlanzini nezimbaza kuya kojekamanzi nojekamanzi.
Ucwaningo lwangaphambili seluvele luveze ukuthi izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele zikwazi kangcono ukujwayela ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kunezamakhaza, kodwa lolu cwaningo lugqamisa ubungozi obuthile ezilwaneni zasolwandle. Njengoba izilwandle ziqhubeka nokumunca ukushisa okukhishelwe emkhathini ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwe-carbon dioxide, amanzi afinyelela izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu emashumini eminyaka - futhi izakhamuzi zomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi azikwazi ukufihla ukufudumala endaweni enomthunzi noma emgodini.
“Izilwane zasolwandle zihlala endaweni lapho izinga lokushisa belilokhu lizinzile ngokuqhathaniswa,” kusho uMalin Pinsky, isazi sezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile nesazi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo esasihola lolu cwaningo. Izilwane zasolwandle zibonakala zihamba emgwaqeni omncane osezintabeni onamatshe okushisa nhlangothi zombili.”
Umkhawulo wokuphepha omncane
Ososayensi babale “imikhawulo yokuphepha eshisayo” yezinhlobo ezingama-88 zasolwandle nezingu-318 zasemhlabeni, banquma ukuthi kungakanani ukufudumala abangakubekezelela. Imikhawulo yokuphepha ibimincane kakhulu enkabazwe kubantu abahlala olwandle futhi maphakathi ne-latitude ngezinhlobo zasemhlabeni.
Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, izinga lamanje lokufudumala selivele libucayi. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi izinga lokuqothulwa ngenxa yokufudumala kwezilwane zasolwandle liphakeme ngokuphindwe kabili kunezilwane zasemhlabeni.
“Umthelela usukhona. Lena akuyona inkinga yesikhathi esizayo,” kusho uPinsky.
Imingcele yokuphepha emincane kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle ezishisayo zilinganiselwa ku-10 degrees Celsius. "Kubonakala kuningi," kusho u-Pinsky, "kodwa empeleni kuyafa ngaphambi kokuba izinga lokushisa lifudumale ngama-degree angu-10."
Unezela ngokuthi ngisho nokwenyuka okuncane kwamazinga okushisa kungaholela ezinkingeni zokudla, ukuzala neminye imiphumela elimazayo. Nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zizokwazi ukuthuthela endaweni entsha, ezinye - njengamakhorali nama-anemone olwandle - azikwazi ukunyakaza futhi zizovele zinyamalale.
Umthelela Obanzi
“Lolu wucwaningo olubaluleke kakhulu ngoba luqukethe imininingwane eqinile esekela umcabango osekudala ukhona wokuthi izinhlelo zasolwandle zinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuba sengozini yokushisa kwesimo sezulu,” kusho uSarah Diamond, isazi sezemvelo kanye nomsizi kaprofesa eCase University Western Reserve. Cleveland, Ohio. . "Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba sivamise ukungazinaki izinhlelo zasolwandle."
UPinsky uphawula ukuthi ngaphezu kokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa ebangela ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukumisa ukudoba ngokweqile, ukubuyisela abantu abanciphile, kanye nokunciphisa ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo ehlala olwandle kungasiza ukulwa nokulahlekelwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane.
Uyanezela, “Ukumisa inethiwekhi yezindawo ezivikelwe olwandle ezisebenza njengezitebhisi njengoba izilwane zithuthela ezindaweni eziphakeme,” uyanezela, “kungazisiza ukuba zibhekane nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu esikhathini esizayo.”
ngaphesheya kolwandle
Ngokuka-Alex Gunderson, uprofesa osizayo wesayensi yezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile kanye nesayensi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo e-Tulane University eNew Orleans, lolu cwaningo lubonisa ukubaluleka kokulinganisa hhayi nje izinguquko ezingeni lokushisa, kodwa nokuthi zithinta kanjani izilwane.
Lokhu kubalulekile nasezinhlotsheni zezilwane zasemhlabeni.
“Izilwane zasemhlabeni zisengozini encane kunezilwane zasolwandle kuphela uma zingathola izindawo ezipholile, ezinomthunzi ukuze zigweme ukukhanya kwelanga futhi zigweme ukushisa okukhulu,” kugcizelela uGunderson.
"Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ingesinye isixwayiso sokuthi sidinga ukuvikela amahlathi nezinye izindawo zemvelo ezisiza izilwane zasendle ukuba zivumelane nezinga lokushisa elifudumele."