Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yeziguli okutholakale ukuthi zinomdlavuza womphimbo zinegciwane i-human papillomavirus (HPV), elihlobene kakhulu nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, kubika i-Journal of Clinical Oncology
Ukutheleleka nge-human papillomavirus (HPV) kuphakathi kwezifo ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni. Igciwane lisakazwa ikakhulukazi ngokocansi ngokuthintana ngqo nolwelwesi lwamafinyila ezithweni zangasese, kodwa futhi nesikhumba esibazungezile. I-World Health Organization (WHO) ilinganisela ukuthi amaphesenti angaba ngu-80. Abantu abathanda ucansi baba nokutheleleka nge-HPV esikhathini esithile empilweni yabo. Kwabaningi babo, kungokwesikhashana. Kodwa-ke, ngephesenti elithile kuba okungapheli, okwandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomdlavuza.
Ezinhlotsheni ezingaphansi ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezaziwayo (ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-serotypes) ze-human papillomavirus (HPV), eziningana zinomdlavuza. Kukhona ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezincane ezimbili - i-HPV16 ne-HPV18, ezibophezele cishe amaphesenti angama-70. amacala omdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.
Ochwepheshe be-WHO balinganisela ukuthi izifo ze-HPV zinesibopho cishe ngamaphesenti ayi-100. amacala omdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho ngamaphesenti angama-90. amacala omdlavuza we-rectal, amaphesenti angu-40 amacala omdlavuza wezitho zangasese zangaphandle - okungukuthi isithombo, isitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nepipi, kodwa futhi namaphesenti athile omdlavuza wekhanda nentamo, okuhlanganisa amacala angu-12% omdlavuza we-larynx kanye ne-pharynx kanye ne-approx. 3 amaphesenti. umdlavuza womlomo. Kukhona futhi ucwaningo oluphakamisa ukubandakanyeka kwegciwane ekukhuleni komdlavuza webele, wamaphaphu kanye nendlala yesinye.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisa ukwanda kwezigameko zomdlavuza womphimbo kanye ne-laryngeal mayelana nokutheleleka nge-HPV. Kuze kube manje, ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala nokubhema kubhekwa njengezici eziyingozi kakhulu kule midlavuza. Ososayensi basola ukuthi ukwanda kokubandakanyeka kwe-HPV ekuthuthukisweni kwalezi zomdlavuza kuhlobene nenkululeko enkulu yocansi kanye nokuthandwa kocansi lomlomo.
Ukuhlola ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-HPV nomdlavuza wezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo, ososayensi beqembu lamazwe ngamazwe benza ucwaningo lweziguli ezingama-638 ezihlushwa yizo, okuhlanganisa nomdlavuza womlomo (iziguli eziyi-180), umdlavuza we-oropharynx (iziguli eziyi-135) , umdlavuza we-pharynx / larynx ephansi (iziguli ezingama-247). Baphinde bahlola iziguli ezinomdlavuza womphimbo (abantu abangu-300). Uma kuqhathaniswa, kwahlolwa abantu abanempilo abayi-1600. Bonke babengabahlanganyeli ocwaningweni lwesikhathi eside lwaseYurophu ngobudlelwano phakathi kwendlela yokuphila nobungozi bomdlavuza - Uphenyo Olulindelekile LwaseYurophu Lokuthola Umdlavuza Nokudla okunomsoco.
Amasampula egazi anikelwe wonke ekuqaleni kocwaningo ngenkathi enempilo ahlaziywa ukuze kutholakale amasosha omzimba amaprotheni e-HPV16 kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezincane ze-carcinogenic human papillomavirus ezifana ne-HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, HPV45, HPV52, ne-HPV6 kanye ne-HPV11 okuyi-HPVXNUMX. Isizathu esivame kakhulu sezinsumpa zangasese eziyingozi kodwa eziyinkinga (okuthiwa yizinsumpa zangasese), futhi azivamile ukubangela umdlavuza we-vulvar.
Amasampula omdlavuza ngokwesilinganiso ayeneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala, kodwa amanye ayengaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 ngaphambi kokuxilongwa.
Kuvele ukuthi abaningi ngamaphesenti angama-35. Iziguli ezinomdlavuza we-Oropharyngeal zitholakale zinamasosha omzimba ephrotheni ebalulekile ye-HPV 16, efushanisiwe ngokuthi E6. Ivala amaprotheni anesibopho sokuvimbela inqubo ye-neoplastic kumaseli futhi ngaleyo ndlela ibe nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwayo. Ukuba khona kwamasosha omzimba kuphrotheni ye-E6 egazini ngokuvamile kubonisa ukukhula komdlavuza.
Uma kuqhathaniswa, eqenjini lokulawula iphesenti labantu abanamasosha omzimba egazini lalingu-0.6%. Kwakungekho ubuhlobo phakathi kokuba khona kwabo nezinye izimila zekhanda nentamo ezifakwe ocwaningweni.
Abacwaningi bagcizelele ukuthi ubudlelwano phakathi kokuba khona kwala masosha omzimba kanye nomdlavuza we-oropharyngeal bukhona ngisho nasezigulini okwatholwa kuzo isampula yegazi ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 ngaphambi kokuxilongwa komdlavuza.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi phakathi kweziguli ezinomdlavuza we-oropharyngeal kanye nokuba khona kwamasosha omzimba alwa ne-HPV16, amaphesenti aphansi okufa ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene atholakala kuneziguli ezingenazo amasosha omzimba. Eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa, amaphesenti angu-84 ayesaphila. abantu abavela eqenjini lokuqala kanye namaphesenti angu-58. omunye.
Le miphumela emangalisayo inikeza ubufakazi obuthile bokuthi ukutheleleka nge-HPV16 kungase kube imbangela ebalulekile yomdlavuza we-oropharyngeal, kuphawula omunye umbhali uDkt. Ruth Travis wase-University of Oxford.
USara Hiom weCancer Research UK Foundation uthe engxoxweni abe nayo ne-BBC ukuthi amagciwane e-HPV asakazeke kakhulu.
Ukuya ocansini ngokuphephile kungehlisa ingozi yokuthola izifo noma yokudlulisela i-HPV komunye umuntu, kodwa amakhondomu ngeke akuvikele ngokuphelele ekuthelelekeni, waphawula. Kuyaziwa ukuthi igciwane elikhona esikhumbeni endaweni yangasese lingaba umthombo wokutheleleka.
U-Hiom ugcizelele ukuthi akwaziwa ukuthi imithi yokugoma esetshenziswa njengamanje ukuvimbela umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho emantombazaneni asakhula (omunye wayo ugunyazwe nabafana ukuvikela izinsumpa zangasese kanye nomdlavuza womthondo) inganciphisa yini ingozi yomdlavuza we-oropharyngeal. Uma ucwaningo luqinisekisa lokhu, kuzovela ukuthi zingasetshenziswa kabanzi ekuvimbeleni ama-neoplasms ayingozi. (PAP)
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