Okuqukethwe
Ukuhamba eqhweni naseqhweni kunezici eziningi. Lolu hlobo lwezokuthutha, njenge-aerosleigh, luhlanganisa izinzuzo eziningi. Nokho, kukhona futhi nezinkinga. Ungenza imoto yeqhwa ngezandla zakho, usebenzisa inani elikhulu lezinto ezikhona, amayunithi enziwe ngomumo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngeke zibe zimbi kakhulu kunama-analogues amaningi ezimboni.
Lapho uzikhiqiza kusukela ekuqaleni kwanoma iyiphi into, kufanele uqale uqedele iphrojekthi yokuklama. Naso sehlukaniswe izigaba ezine
- Ukuklama izimo zobuchwepheshe, izici;
- Isiphakamiso sobuchwepheshe, esigabeni lapho kukhona ukuhlelwa okujwayelekile komkhiqizo;
- I-Draft design, lapho umdwebo womkhiqizo kanye nezingxenye zawo ngezibalo ezidingekayo zenziwa;
- Uhlaka olusebenzayo lapho imidwebo yomkhiqizo yenziwa kucatshangelwa izindinganiso zamanje, imihlangano ekhona kakade, izindlela, namandla omkhiqizi.
Ngokwemvelo, i-do-it-yourselfer ku-workshop ngeke igcwalise yonke imidwebo ngokuningiliziwe, futhi imfundo ngokuvamile ayikuvumeli. Kodwa-ke, udinga ukuzama ukwenza okungenani imidwebo ethile nokubala, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ezintweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zangaphandle komgwaqo, njengezimoto zeqhwa.
Ukusebenza kokushayela
Ipharamitha yokuqala okufanele icatshangelwe yinqwaba ehambayo yesihlibhi, G. Iqukethe isisindo sesihlibhi ngokwaso, imithwalo kanye nabagibeli, kanye nophethiloli emathangeni agcwele umthamo. Le parameter inqunywa cishe, kungakuhle ukuyikhetha ezigabeni zokuqala nge-margin encane. Ekubalweni kokuqala, umuntu kufanele aqale kusukela eqinisweni lokuthi isisindo sesihlibhi asikho ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-14 ngehhashi ngalinye lamandla enjini, khona-ke linganqunywa ngokunembile.
Uma ufuna ukwenza izimoto zeqhwa zomthamo othile wokuthwala, ungathatha cishe amasampula e-serial futhi ubone isisindo sazo sokuhamba. Futhi, kungcono ukuyithatha nge-margin, ikakhulukazi esigabeni sokuqala sokuklama. Kuhlala kulula ukubala kabusha imithwalo emincane kunemikhudlwana.
Isilinganiso se-Thrust-to-weight
Ipharamitha yesibili isilinganiso se-thrust-to-weight, i-dynamic coefficient D. Inqunywa isilinganiso samandla okudonsa kuya kusisindo sokumasha, D=T/G. Le coefficient akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-0.25, kuyafiseleka ukuyithatha cishe ngo-0.3. Isilinganiso se-thrust-to-weight sizobonisa ukuthi imoto yeqhwa ekwazi ukushesha kangakanani ukuhamba, ukusheshisa, ukunqoba imiqansa nezinye izithiyo. Amandla okudonsa kanye nesisindo sokuhamba kuthathwa ngamakhilogremu.
Kufomula yangaphambilini, kusetshenziswe ipharamitha ye-thrust T. Kunqunywa ngokusekelwe kwamandla enjini kanye nemingcele yophephela usebenzisa amafomula amaningana. Elula kakhulu iwukuthi i-thrust ethize ye-propeller yaziwa ngamakhilogremu ngamandla ehhashi ngalinye, T=0.8Np. Lapha u-N ungamandla enjini, u-p ungamandla athile okushayela ngamakhilogremu amandla ehhashi ngalinye.
Ungakwazi ukunquma amandla okudonsa ngenye ifomula ezosebenza kuma-propeller amaningi ajwayelekile anezinsimbi ezimbili noma ezintathu, T=(33.25 0.7 N d)²/3. Lapha u-N ungamandla alinganiselwe, u-d uwububanzi be-propeller ngamamitha, u-0.7 yi-coefficient encike ezicini ze-propeller. Okwezikulufu ezijwayelekile kungu-0.7, kwabanye kungase kuhluke.
Ezinye izici
Ezinye izici ezifana nobubanzi, isivinini, ukukhuphuka nokwehla kuzoncika kakhulu enjinini ekhethiwe, umthamo wethangi kanye ne-coefficient eguqukayo. Kuyafaneleka ukunaka indawo ye-u0.1bu0.2bthe skis ukuze ingcindezi ethile eqhweni ingabi ngaphezu kuka-XNUMX-XNUMX kg / sq. cm, futhi uma iklanyelwe ukuhamba eqhweni, yenza i-snowmobile uma kwenzeka kuqhekeka iqhwa. Umshini onjalo uwusizo kakhulu ekudobeni kwasehlobo lapho uhamba phakathi kwezihlahla zeminduze yamanzi, ngaphandle kwalokho i-propeller izozivuthela yona ngokwayo futhi iphule. Izimoto zeqhwa ezifanayo zisetshenziswa uMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo ukuhlenga abantu eqhweni entwasahlobo.
Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezinkulu zeqhwa kubantu abaningana kungenzeka kuphela uma kusetshenziswa injini enamandla. Ngokwayo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwandisa izindleko zesakhiwo izikhathi eziningi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ezimotweni ezinjalo zeqhwa kuzoba kukhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kuqeda imiklamo yasekhaya mayelana nokonga izindleko. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngezimoto zeqhwa ze-serial kubantu abangu-5-6 kungaphezu kwamalitha angama-20 ngehora, futhi bahamba ngesivinini esingafika ku-100 km / h endaweni eneqhwa, eqhweni - kufika ku-60-70.
Izinkomba zokuhamba zezimoto zeqhwa ezinjalo zizoqhathaniswa nekhono lokunqamula izwe lemoto yeqhwa yomthamo ofanayo wokuthwala. Kodwa-ke, bazoba nokukhuphuka okuncane, ukuphatha okubi kakhulu, ukungakwazi ukuhamba ngesivinini esiphansi phakathi kwezihlahla kanye nokuhamba kahle kuyoba ngaphansi kwe-snowmobile. Uma uhlela ukuhamba ehlathini lasebusika, kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-snowmobile.
Izimoto zeqhwa ezinamandla amancane zingase zenziwe ngokwazo. Abaningi abazenzelayo benza ama-snowmobiles ngenjini ye-lifan, ama-chainsaws aklanyelwe eyodwa futhi asebenza ngempumelelo.
I-snowmobile yokudoba
Ngokufanelekile, uma bethi:
- Yiba ne-buoyancy enhle
- Iba nedivayisi edonsayo ekhiphekayo enekhono lokuyihlela kabusha esikebheni ehlobo
Uma i-snowmobile ingasetshenziswa njengesikebhe esigcwele, asikho isidingo sokususa injini ehlobo.
Ngokuyisisekelo, izimoto zeqhwa zenziwa abathandi bokudoba emaphandleni, abahlala eduze nendawo enkulu yamanzi. Kunengqondo kakhulu ukuwasebenzisa ngesikhathi sasentwasahlobo eqhweni elicacile, lapho iqhwa elikulo lincane. Kukhona izimpikiswano ezinhle kakhulu ezivuna ukushiya idizayini yakudala yokushushuluza, futhi phansi ukuze kusetshenziswe izimbambo ezithathu zakudala zamaglider.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimbambo eziqinile zenziwe ziqiniswe ukuze zikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi we-skates. Uma kunamanzi eqhweni, kuzokwenza kube lula ukuhamba. Ngasikhathi sinye, izimoto zeqhwa zizofinyelela imodi yokushibilika ecishe igcwale, inciphise ukumelana kwemvelo. Ehlobo, isikebhe esinjalo sizoba isikebhe esigcwele ngokugcwele olwandle oluphezulu - ukunqoba izikhukhula ezincane nezikhukhula emfuleni ngeke kube yinkinga kuye njengesikebhe esivamile semoto.
Nokho, akuthandeki ukusebenzisa "Kazanka" noma "Inqubekelaphambili" endala ezintweni ezinjalo. Iqiniso liwukuthi phansi kwabo kunamandla anganele. Yebo, futhi ukwehla kwenani kuzohlupheka. Futhi kusukela ekushayeni kanzima, okuphansi kuzokwehlukana nakakhulu. Ukuklanywa kwezimoto eziningi zesimanje zeqhwa nezikebhe zomoya zokudoba kuhilela ukuba khona kwephansi eliqinile, elinompheme we-inflatable one-polyk. Ngakho, ukumuncwa ukushaqeka kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokunyakaza. Eminye imiklamo kufanele ibonwe njengengafaneleki kakhulu.
Ibhajethi yezimoto zeqhwa: inqubo yokukhiqiza
Okulandelayo kuchaza izinqola zeqhwa ezivamile zokwakhiwa kwe-ski yakudala ngohlaka. Angasetshenziselwa ukudoba, ukuzingela kanye nohambo lomuntu oyedwa.
Uzimele
Ukwenziwa kohlaka lwemoto yeqhwa kufanele kubanike isisindo esilula. Ngokuvamile ingxenye engezansi yefreyimu yenziwa ukuze ivumelane nesihlalo lapho, umumo ongunxande noma we-trapezoidal. Kuyadingeka ukuyibeka kancane ngaphambi kwesikhungo, ngoba enye injini, amathangi, i-propeller, imithwalo izokwengezwa, futhi kuyinto efiselekayo ukubeka isikhungo sokudonsela phansi phakathi kwefreyimu. Lokhu kulandelwa ukwakhiwa kohlaka lwenjini, ugesi kanye nophephela. Yenziwe i-triangular, phezulu kuyoba ukuthwala lapho isikulufu sokuhola sizungeza khona.
Uhlaka lwesikulufu kufanele okungenani luqine njengohlaka olungezansi. Kumelwe imelane nemithwalo enzima, ngoba amandla abeka imoto yeqhwa ukuze ihambe asetshenziswa kuyo.
Lolu hlaka lunama-gussets abanzi ngendlela yezinduku ezixhunywe ezigxotsheni ezinxantathu futhi ziye phambili. Kuyinto engathandeki ukuhlala esihlalweni ngemuva, njengoba lokhu kuzophazamisa ukujikeleza kwe-propeller.
Izinto zohlaka zikhethwa kumapayipi e-polypropylene aqinile aqinisiwe. Lawa mapayipi anika amandla agculisayo, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi angalahlekelwa ukuma kwawo ngaphansi komthwalo. Uma kunokwenzeka, kuhle ukusebenzisa amapayipi e-aluminium futhi uwaxhume nge-spurs, ama-tee. Izihlanganisi ze-aluminium zokushisela ekhaya ziyinto eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ngisho nalapho kukhona i-argon welding izolahlekelwa amandla ekuxhumekeni kwezikwele.
Isikulufu nemoto
Kusetshenziswa injini enamandla ye-Lifan 168f-2 ene-four-stroke. Izinjini ezine-stroke ziqala ukuba zimbi kakhulu esimweni sezulu esibandayo, kodwa zithule kakhulu. Kusetshenziswa ithangi legesi elengeziwe elivela kugandaganda ohamba ngemva. Ngokwayo, isilinganiso samandla-kuya-isisindo sanele impela ku-snowmobile enesisindo sokuhamba esingafika ku-500-600 kilogram.
I-propeller yenziwe ngokuzimela, inama-bladed amabili, inobubanzi obungamamitha angu-1.5, ikhuliswe ngokuvumelana nemidwebo yamamodeli ezindiza. Ukwenza isikulufu ngokwakho kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi izodinga amakhono okubaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzodinga izinkuni ezivela ku-maple, i-hornbeam, i-beech, i-Karelian birch noma ezinye izinkuni ezihlala isikhathi eside, ezomile. Uma kungenzeka, kungcono ukuthenga isikulufu se-aluminium esinezici ezinqunywe kusengaphambili esitolo.
Ukusuka enjini kuya kusikulufi, igiya lokunciphisa lisetshenziswa emabhandeni anesilinganiso esingu-1: 3 kusuka emshinini wokwenza izinkuni, one-roller ecindezelayo. Ngokukhetha izindlela zejubane zezimoto zeqhwa, konke kuyadabukisa, futhi kunzima ukukhuluma ngebhokisi legiya lapha ngenxa yokuthi i-propeller ngokwayo izosebenza ngokuphumelelayo kuphela ngesivinini esiphezulu ngokwanele, futhi ukunciphisa akukhulisi ukudonsa, ku- ngokuphambene.
Isakhiwo, ukushushuluza kanye nokuphatha
Isihlalo sitholakala ngokushesha phambi kwenjini, ngaphansi kwaso kunesiqu. I-trunk eyengeziwe iyatholakala eduze kwezinyawo. Injini ilawulwa yigesi kanye nama-clutch pedals. Ungawathatha emotweni endala uwaxhume enjinini ngamakhebuli.
Kukhona izibambo ezimbili ezengeziwe ngaphambili. Axhunywe ngamakhebula anepheya langaphambili le-skis, elingajika kwesokunxele, kwesokudla ku-thrust bearring, futhi futhi ngokuhambisana namafulegi aqondisayo, atholakala ngamabili ngemuva kwesobunxele nakwesokudla se-propeller. Isibambo sangakwesokunxele silawula uhlangothi lwesokunxele, isibambo sokudla silawula esokudla. Angasetshenziswa ngokuzimela, futhi uma ubhuleka, kwanele ukuletha ama-skis namafulegi ngaphakathi ngokudonsa zombili izibambo ngakuwe.
I-snowmobile inama-skis amane, amabili ngaphambili namabili ngemuva. Ama-skis amabili angaphambili mafushane, enziwe ngensimbi ye-alloy. Ezimbili ezingemuva zinde, zenziwe ngepulasitiki. Ama-skis angemuva abamba iqhaza ekushayeleni i-snowmobile. Ama-skis afakwe ezisekelweni ezikhethekile ezingunxantathu, ane-stroke enyakazayo futhi aphuma phambili.
Izinto zokudweba nezibani
I-snowmobile kufanele ipendwe ngombala ogqamile ozobonakala kude eqhweni. Kungaba obomvu, onsundu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi noma yimuphi omunye umbala ofanayo. Futhi qiniseka ukuthi upende i-prop guard ngokugqamile, okungcono umbala ohlukile kunendikimba eyinhloko yenqola yeqhwa. Ngokuvamile i-orange isetshenziselwa ukudweba.
Emishinini yokukhanyisa, kubalulekile ukubeka izibani zomaka, kanye nezibani ku-propeller - oluhlaza kwesokunxele kuya lapho uhamba khona, futhi ubomvu kwesokudla. Izibani zangaphambili kufanele zibe namandla anele. Iqiniso liwukuthi amahora okukhanya emini ebusika mafushane, futhi ukuhamba emini kuphela ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka.
Ukuze wonge isisindo, izibani zangaphambili nezibani zinikwa amandla ibhethri elishajwa ngokuhlukile kumobile yeqhwa ngaphambi kokugibela, okuqeda isidingo sesistimu yokuphehla ugesi.
Ngokuvamile, ibhethri lihlala amahora angu-3-4 ohambo, okwanele ukufika ekhaya kumnyama. Uma ufuna ukuzivikela ukuze amalambu akhanyise ubusuku bonke uma uduka, ungancoma ukuthi ufake amakhoyili okukhanyisa esithuthuthwini esidala.
Lapho Kufanele Usebenzise Ama-Airsled
Yiqiniso, ukuze kusetshenziswe izimoto zeqhwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo yedolobhana noma umuntu ngamunye, akukho mvume edingekayo. Ukuze uwagibele eqhweni, lapho ungahlangana khona nomhloli wokuvikela izinhlanzi, ukushayela ngisho nasemigwaqweni yeqhwa engagandayiwe, uzodinga ukubhalisa neziphathimandla zeTechnical Supervision.
Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ende. Uzodinga ukuthola isitifiketi sokuphepha, izibalo zokuqinisekisa umklamo. Izindleko zenqubo ngokwayo ziphikisana nenqubo yokwenza izimoto zeqhwa zizodwa ukuze zonge imali. Awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokubhalisa, ngoba ubukhulu benjini kubo ngokuvamile busuka kuma-cubes angu-150. Awukwazi ukusetha encane, ngeke nje idonse uphephela. Ukuze usebenzise i-snowmobile, uzodinga ukuthola ilayisense yokushayela ekhethekile.
Ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi, izimoto zeqhwa azizona inketho engcono kakhulu yemoto ehamba yonke indawo, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yezizathu zokuphatha. Isizathu sesibili ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ikakhulukazi eqhweni elijulile naseqhweni elithambile ngesikhathi kuncibilika. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemoto yeqhwa enesakhiwo sesibungu, izimoto zeqhwa zisebenzisa uphethiloli ophindwe ka-1.5-2 ngezidingo ezifanayo. Okwesithathu ukungakwazi ukudlula ehlathini.
Ngakho-ke, izinqola zeqhwa, nakuba ziyindlela yokuthutha elula futhi enokwethenjelwa, akuzona njalo ukukhetha okuhle kulabo abafuna ukuba nemoto yabo ye-snowmobile, ikakhulukazi umdobi ongathanda ukudoba.