Okuqukethwe
Abasebenzisi abaningi be-Excel be-novice bavame ukuba nombuzo: iyini ifomula ye-Excel nokuthi ifakwa kanjani kuseli. Abaningi baze bacabange ukuthi kungani kudingeka. Kubo, i-Excel iyispredishithi. Kodwa empeleni, lokhu kubala okukhulu kwemisebenzi eminingi futhi, ngezinga elithile, indawo yokuhlela.
Umqondo wefomula nomsebenzi
Futhi wonke umsebenzi ku-Excel usekelwe kumafomula, okukhona inani elikhulu. Enhliziyweni yanoma iyiphi ifomula kunomsebenzi. Kuyithuluzi eliyisisekelo lokubala elibuyisela inani kuye ngedatha edlulisiwe ngemva kokuthi isicutshungulwe ngaphambili.
Ifomula isethi yama-opharetha anengqondo, imisebenzi ye-arithmetic kanye nemisebenzi. Ayiziqukethe zonke lezi zakhi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukubala kungase kuhlanganise, isibonelo, imisebenzi yezibalo kuphela.
Enkulumweni yansuku zonke, abasebenzisi be-Excel bavame ukudida le mibono. Eqinisweni, umugqa ophakathi kwawo awunangqondo, futhi womabili la magama avame ukusetshenziswa. Nokho, ukuze uqonde kangcono ukusebenza ne-Excel, kubalulekile ukwazi amanani alungile.
Eqinisweni, izinto zokusebenza zamagama zibanzi kakhulu futhi zihlanganisa neminye imiqondo eminingi okudingeka ibhekwe kabanzi.
- Njalo. Leli inani elihlala lifana futhi alikwazi ukushintshwa. Lokhu kungaba, isibonelo, inombolo Pi.
- Ama-operators. Lena imojula edingekayo ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. I-Excel inikeza izinhlobo ezintathu zama-opharetha:
- I-Arithmetic. Kudingeka ukwengeza, ukususa, ukuhlukanisa nokuphindaphinda izinombolo eziningi.
- Umsebenzisi wokuqhathanisa. Kudingeka ukuhlola ukuthi idatha ihlangabezana yini nesimo esithile. Ingabuyisela inani elilodwa: iqiniso noma amanga.
- U-opharetha wombhalo. Inye kuphela, futhi iyadingeka ukuze kuhlanganiswe idatha - &.
- Isixhumanisi. Leli ikheli leseli okuzothathwa kulo idatha, ngaphakathi kwefomula. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezixhumanisi: eziphelele nezihlobene. Eyokuqala ayishintshi uma ifomula iyiswa kwenye indawo. Izihlobo, ngokulandelana, zishintsha iseli libe eliseduze noma elihambisanayo. Isibonelo, uma ucacisa isixhumanisi seseli B2 kwelinye iseli, bese ukopisha le fomula kweyakhelene kwesokudla, ikheli lizoshintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo libe ngu-C2. Isixhumanisi singaba sangaphakathi noma sangaphandle. Esimweni sokuqala, i-Excel ifinyelela iseli elitholakala encwadini yokusebenzela efanayo. Kwesibili - kwenye. Okusho ukuthi, i-Excel ingasebenzisa idatha etholakala kwenye idokhumenti kumafomula.
Uyifaka kanjani idatha kuseli
Enye yezindlela ezilula zokufaka ifomula equkethe umsebenzi ukusebenzisa Iwizadi Yomsebenzi. Ukuyibiza, udinga ukuchofoza isithonjana se-fx kancane kwesokunxele sebha yefomula (itholakala ngenhla kwetafula, futhi okuqukethwe kweseli kuphindwe kabili kuyo uma ingekho ifomula kuyo noma ifomula kuboniswa uma kunjalo. Ibhokisi lengxoxo elinjalo lizovela.
Lapho ungakhetha isigaba somsebenzi futhi ngqo leso esohlwini ofuna ukusisebenzisa kuseli ethile. Lapho awukwazi ukubona uhlu kuphela, kodwa nokuthi umsebenzi ngamunye wenzani.
Indlela yesibili yokufaka amafomula ukusebenzisa ithebhu ehambisanayo kuribhoni ye-Excel.
Lapha i-interface ihlukile, kodwa imishini iyafana. Yonke imisebenzi ihlukaniswe ngezigaba, futhi umsebenzisi angakhetha evumelana naye kakhulu. Ukuze ubone ukuthi umsebenzi ngamunye wenzani, udinga ukuhamba phezu kwayo ngekhesa yegundane bese ulinda imizuzwana emi-2.
Ungakwazi futhi ukufaka uhlelo ngqo kuseli. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuqala ukubhala uphawu lokufaka ifomula (= =) kuyo bese ufaka igama lomsebenzi ngesandla. Le ndlela ifanele abasebenzisi abanolwazi kakhulu abayazi ngekhanda. Ikuvumela ukuthi wonge isikhathi esiningi.
Ngemva kokufaka izinhlamvu zokuqala, uhlu luzovezwa, lapho ungakhetha khona umsebenzi ofisa ukuwufaka. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukusebenzisa igundane, ungakwazi ukuzulazula kulolu hlu usebenzisa ukhiye we-TAB. Uma kunjalo, ngokuchofoza kabili kwifomula ehambisanayo kwanele. Uma umsebenzi usukhethiwe, kuzovela ukwaziswa okukuvumela ukuthi ufake idatha ngokulandelana okulungile. Le datha ibizwa ngokuthi ama-agumenti omsebenzi.
Uma usasebenzisa inguqulo ye-Excel 2003, ngakho-ke ayihlinzeki ngohlu lokudonsela phansi, ngakho-ke udinga ukukhumbula igama eliqondile lomsebenzi bese ufaka idatha kusuka kumemori. Okufanayo kuya kuwo wonke ama-agumenti omsebenzi. Ngenhlanhla, kumsebenzisi onolwazi, lokhu akuyona inkinga.
Kubalulekile ukuqala njalo ifomula enophawu olulinganayo, ngaphandle kwalokho i-Excel izocabanga ukuthi iseli liqukethe umbhalo.
Kulokhu, idatha eqala ngophawu lokuhlanganisa noma lokususa nayo izobhekwa njengefomula. Uma ngemva kwalokho kunombhalo kuseli, i-Excel izonikeza iphutha elithi #NAME?. Uma izinombolo noma izinombolo zinikezwa, i-Excel izozama ukwenza imisebenzi yezibalo efanele (ukwengeza, ukususa, ukuphindaphinda, ukuhlukanisa). Kunoma yikuphi, kunconywa ukuthi uqale ukufaka ifomula nge- = uphawu, njengoba kuyisiko.
Ngokufanayo, ungaqala ukubhala umsebenzi ngophawu @, oluzoshintshwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Le ndlela yokufaka ibhekwa njengengasebenzi futhi iyadingeka ukuze izinguqulo ezindala zamadokhumenti zingalahlekelwa ukusebenza okuthile.
Umqondo wama-agumenti omsebenzi
Cishe yonke imisebenzi iqukethe ama-agumenti, okungaba ireferensi yeseli, umbhalo, inombolo, kanye nomunye umsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa uhlelo ENECHET, uzodinga ukucacisa izinombolo ezizobhekwa. Inani le-boolean lizobuyiswa. Uma kuyinombolo eyinqaba, TRUE izobuyiswa. Ngokufanelekile, uma kunjalo, khona-ke "AMAMANGA". Izimpikiswano, njengoba ungabona ezithombeni-skrini ezingenhla, zifakwa kubakaki, futhi zihlukaniswa isemicolon. Kulokhu, uma inguqulo yesiNgisi yohlelo isetshenziswa, khona-ke ikhoma evamile isebenza njengesihlukanisi.
I-agumenti yokufaka ibizwa ngokuthi ipharamitha. Eminye imisebenzi ayikuqukethe nhlobo. Isibonelo, ukuze uthole isikhathi samanje nosuku kuseli, udinga ukubhala ifomula =I-TATA (). Njengoba ubona, uma umsebenzi ungadingi ukufakwa kwezimpikiswano, abakaki basadinga ukucaciswa.
Ezinye izici zamafomula nemisebenzi
Uma idatha ekuseli okubhekiselwa kuyo ifomula ihlelwa, izophinda ibale idatha ngokufanele. Ake sithi sineseli A1, elibhalelwe ifomula elula equkethe ireferensi yeseli evamile =D1. Uma ushintsha ulwazi olukuyo, inani elifanayo lizovezwa kuseli A1. Ngokufanayo, kumafomula ayinkimbinkimbi athatha idatha kumaseli athile.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izindlela ezijwayelekile ze-Excel azikwazi ukwenza iseli libuyisele inani lalo kwelinye iseli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lo msebenzi ungafinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa ama-macros - ama-subroutines enza izenzo ezithile kudokhumenti ye-Excel. Kodwa lesi yisihloko esihluke ngokuphelele, okusobala ukuthi akusona esabasaqalayo, ngoba sidinga amakhono okuhlela.
Umqondo wefomula yamalungu afanayo
Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobonhlobo zefomula, efakwe ngendlela ehluke kancane. Kodwa abaningi abazi ukuthi kuyini. Ngakho-ke masiqale siqonde incazelo yaleli gama. Kulula kakhulu ukukuqonda lokhu ngesibonelo.
Ake sithi sinefomula SUM, okubuyisela isamba samanani ebangeni elithile.
Ake sakhe ububanzi obulula kangaka ngokubhala izinombolo ukusuka kweyodwa kuye kweyisihlanu kumaseli A1:A5. Bese sicacisa umsebenzi =USUM(A1:A5) kuseli B1. Ngenxa yalokho, inombolo 15 izovela lapho.
Ingabe lena isivele iyifomula yamalungu afanayo? Cha, nakuba isebenza nedathasethi futhi ingabizwa eyodwa. Asenze izinguquko. Ake sithi sidinga ukwengeza eyodwa kumpikiswano ngayinye. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwenza umsebenzi onjengale:
=USUM(A1:A5+1). Kuvele ukuthi sifuna ukungeza eyodwa ebangeni lamanani ngaphambi kokubala isamba sawo. Kodwa nakuleli fomu, i-Excel ngeke ifune ukwenza lokhu. Udinga ukubonisa lokhu ngokusebenzisa ifomula ethi Ctrl + Shift + Enter. Ifomula yamalungu afanayo iyehluka ngokubukeka futhi ibukeka kanjena:
{=IMALI(A1:A5+1)}
Ngemuva kwalokho, kithi kuzofakwa umphumela we-20.
Asikho isidingo sokufaka ama-brace ama-curly ngesandla. Ngeke yenze lutho. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-Excel ngeke ize icabange ukuthi lokhu kungumsebenzi nombhalo nje esikhundleni sefomula.
Ngaphakathi kwalo msebenzi, okwamanje, izenzo ezilandelayo zenziwa. Okokuqala, uhlelo lubola lolu hlu lube izingxenye. Esimweni sethu, kungu-1,2,3,4,5. Okulandelayo, i-Excel ikhulisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngayinye ngayinye. Khona-ke izinombolo eziwumphumela ziyahlanganiswa.
Kukhona esinye isimo lapho ifomula yamalungu afanayo ingenza okuthile ifomula evamile engakwazi khona. Isibonelo, sinesethi yedatha esohlwini lwebanga A1:A10. Esimeni esijwayelekile, uziro uzobuyiswa. Kodwa ake sithi sinesimo esinjalo kangangokuthi i-zero ayikwazi ukubhekwa.
Masifake ifomula ehlola ububanzi ukuze sibone ukuthi ayilingani naleli nani.
=МИН(ЕСЛИ(A1:A10<>0;A1:A10))
Lapha kunomuzwa wamanga wokuthi umphumela oyifunayo uzotholakala. Kodwa lokhu akunjalo, ngoba lapha udinga ukusebenzisa ifomula yohlu. Kule fomula engenhla, kuzobhekwa isici sokuqala kuphela, okuyinto, vele, asihambisani nathi.
Kodwa uma uyiguqula ibe ifomula yamalungu afanayo, ukuqondanisa kungashintsha ngokushesha. Manje inani elincane lizoba ngu-1.
Ifomula yamalungu afanayo nayo inenzuzo yokuthi ingabuyisela amanani amaningi. Ngokwesibonelo, ungakwazi transpose itafula.
Ngakho, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamafomula. Ezinye zazo zidinga okokufaka okulula, ezinye ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Amafomula afanayo angaba nzima kakhulu kwabaqalayo ukuwaqonda, kodwa awusizo kakhulu.