Isikole sasekhaya: imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa

Imfundo yasekhaya: into ekhulayo

“Iziqondiso zomndeni” (IEF) noma “isikole sasekhaya”… Noma ngabe igama lithini! Uma lumyalo uyimpoqo, kusukela eminyakeni emi-3, umthetho awudingi ukuthi inikezwe esikoleni kuphela. Abazali bangakwazi, uma bethanda, bazifundise izingane zabo ngokwabo nasekhaya ngokufaka izicelo ukufundisa ngokuzikhethela kwabo. Amasheke onyaka abe esehlinzekwa ngokomthetho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingane isezinhlelweni zokuthola ulwazi namakhono esisekelo esivamile.

Mayelana nokugqugquzela, bahluke kakhulu. “Izingane eziphuma esikoleni ngokuvamile ziyizingane ezazicindezelekile esikoleni: izisulu zokuxhashazwa, izinkinga zokufunda, i-autism. Kodwa futhi kuyenzeka - nokuningi nangaphezulu - ukuthi i-IEF ihambelana nayo ifilosofi yangempela. Abazali bafuna ukufunda okulungiselelwe izingane zabo, ukuzivumela ukuthi zilandele ijubane labo futhi zithuthukise izintshisekelo zazo zomuntu siqu. Kuyindlela esezingeni eliphansi ebafanele, ”kuchaza ilungu elikhuthele le-Association Les Enfants d'Abord, elihlinzeka ngosizo nokusekelwa kule mindeni.

EFrance, siyabona ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwesenzo. Ngenkathi beyizingane zesikole eziyi-13 ekhaya ngo-547-2007 (ngaphandle kwezifundo zokuxhumana), izibalo zakamuva zenyuke kakhulu. Ngonyaka wezi-2008-2014, izingane zika-2015 zazifundelwa emakhaya, nokunyuke ngama-24%. Kuleli volontiya, lokhu kuqhuma ngokwengxenye kuxhumene nalokho kokuba umzali omuhle. “Izingane zinceliswa ibele, zithwalwa isikhathi eside, imithetho yemfundo isishintshile, umusa usenhliziyweni yentuthuko yomndeni ... Kuyinto ukuqhubeka okunengqondo », Uyasho. “Nge-inthanethi, ukufinyelela ezinsizeni zemfundo kanye nokuhwebelana kuyasiza, futhi abantu banolwazi olungcono,” uyanezela.

Ungafundisa kanjani ekhaya ngo-2021? Indlela yokuyeka isikole?

Imfundo yasekhaya kuqala idinga ingxenye yokuphatha. Ngaphambi kokuqala konyaka wesikole, kufanele uthumele incwadi ehholo ledolobha likamasipala wakho nakuMqondisi Wezemfundo Wezinsizakalo Zezemfundo Zikazwelonke (i-DASEN), evuma ukuthi uyitholile. Uma le ncwadi isitholiwe, i-DASEN izokuthumela a isitifiketi somyalelo. Uma ufuna ukushintshela esikoleni sasekhaya phakathi nonyaka, ungayiyeka ingane yakho ngokushesha, kodwa uzoba nezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili zokuthumela incwadi ku-DASEN.

Isikole sasekhaya: yini ezoshintsha ngo-2022

Kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka wesikole ka-2022, izindlela zokusetshenziswa kwemfundo yomndeni zizoshintshwa. Kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuzijwayeza "isikole sasekhaya". Kuyohlale kwenzeka ezinganeni ezinesimo esithile (ukukhubazeka, ibanga lendawo, njll.), noma ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe iphrojekthi yezemfundo ekhethekile, ngaphansi kokugunyazwa. Izilawuli zizokwengezwa.

Izimo zokufinyelela emfundweni yomndeni ziyaqiniswa, ngisho noma ngokwethiyori, kuyenzeka. “Ukufunda kwazo zonke izingane esikoleni kuba yimpoqo ekuqaleni konyaka wesikole ka-2022 (esikhundleni sokuthi u-2021 aqale embhalweni wokuqala), futhi imfundo yengane emndenini iba yindelelo", ibeka umthetho omusha. Lezi zinyathelo ezintsha, eziqine kakhulu kunomthetho omdala, ziguqula ikakhulukazi “isimemezelo somyalelo womndeni” sibe “isicelo sokugunyazwa”, futhi zikhawulele izizathu ezithethelelayo zokusabela kuso.

Izizathu ezizonikeza ukufinyelela eSikoleni ekhaya, kuncike esivumelwaneni:

1 ° Isimo sempilo yengane noma ukukhubazeka kwayo.

2 ° Umkhuba wemidlalo ejulile noma imisebenzi yobuciko.

3 ° Ukuzulazula komndeni e-France, noma ibanga lendawo ukusuka kunoma yisiphi isikole esisungulwa umphakathi.

4 ° Ukuba khona kwesimo esiqondile enganeni esithethelela iphrojekthi yemfundo, inqobo nje uma abantu ababhekene nayo bengabonisa amandla okunikeza imfundo yomndeni kuyilapho behlonipha izithakazelo ezingcono kakhulu zengane. ingane. Esimweni sokugcina, isicelo sokugunyazwa sihlanganisa isethulo esibhaliwe sephrojekthi yezemfundo, ukuzibophezela ekuhlinzekeni lo myalelo ikakhulukazi ngesiFulentshi, kanye nemibhalo eqinisekisa ikhono lokunikeza imfundo yomndeni. 

Ngakho-ke umkhuba wokufunda ekhaya ungase wehle kakhulu eminyakeni ezayo.

Imfundo yomndeni: indlela yokufundisa ekhaya ngezinye izindlela?

Ngokuya ngendlela yokuphila, izifiso kanye nobuntu bomuntu ngamunye, imindeni inamandla amaningi okuphila. amathuluzi okufundisa ukudlulisa ulwazi ezinganeni. Aziwa kakhulu yilezi: I-Feinet pedagogy - okusekelwe ekukhuleni kwengane, ngaphandle kwengcindezi noma ukuncintisana, ngemisebenzi yokudala, indlela yeMontessori enikeza indawo ebalulekile yokudlala, ukukhohlisa kanye nokuhlola ukuze uthole ukuzimela ...

Endabeni ye-pedagogy ka-Steiner, ukufunda kusekelwe emisebenzini yokudala (umculo, ukudweba, ukulima) kodwa nakulokho izilimi zesimanje. “Ngemuva kwesikole samabanga aphansi esintekenteke nobunzima bokuxhumana nabantu, ukuxilongwa kwehle: indodakazi yethu u-Ombeline, 11, iphethwe i-Asperger's autism, ngakho-ke uzoqhubeka nemfundo yakhe ekhaya. Njengoba engenabo ubunzima ekufundeni futhi kunjalo ultra-creative, sakhetha ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi ngokwendlela yakwa-Steiner, ezomsiza ukuba athuthukise amakhono akhe futhi ikakhulukazi izimfanelo zakhe ezinhle njengomklami, ” kuchaza ubaba wakhe, okwadingeka ahlele kabusha ukuphila kwakhe kwansuku zonke ukuze avumelane kangcono nendodakazi yakhe.

Esinye isibonelo se-pedagogy : ekaJean qui rit, osebenzisa isigqi, ukuthinta nengoma. Zonke izinzwa ziyacelwa ukuba zifunde ukufunda nokubhala. “Sihlanganisa izindlela eziningi. Sisebenzisa izincwadi ezimbalwa, izinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokufundisa: Izinto ze-Montessori zabancane kunabo bonke, ama-Alphas, imidlalo yesiFulentshi, izibalo, izinhlelo zokusebenza, amasayithi aku-inthanethi … Siphinde sithanda ukuphuma, futhi sibambe iqhaza njalo ezingqungqutheleni zobuciko , ososayensi, emicimbini yamasiko neyomculo… Sikhuthaza ngangokunokwenzeka ukufunda okuzimele, lezo eziphuma enganeni uqobo. Emehlweni ethu, yizona ezithembisa kakhulu, ezihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, ”kuchaza u-Alison, umama wamadodakazi amabili aneminyaka engu-6 nengu-9 futhi oyilungu lenhlangano ye-LAIA.

Ukwesekwa kwemindeni: ukhiye wempumelelo yemfundo yasekhaya

“Esizeni, sithola zonke ulwazi lokuphatha kanye nezomthetho ezibalulekile. Uhlu lokushintshana phakathi kwamalungu lusivumela ukuba sazi intuthuko yakamuva yomthetho, ukuze sithole ukwesekwa uma kunesidingo. Siphinde sabamba iqhaza emihlanganweni emi-3, izikhathi eziyingqayizivele lapho ilungu ngalinye lomndeni ligcina izinkumbulo ezimnandi. Amadodakazi ami ayakujabulela ukuhlanganyela ekushintshaneni kwephephandaba phakathi kwezingane lokho I-LAIA inikeza njalo ngenyanga. Umagazini 'Les plumes' uyakhuthaza, unikeza izindlela eziningi zokufunda ”, kwengeza u-Alison. Njengokuthi 'Izingane Kuqala', lokhu inhlangano yokusekela isungula ukushintshana phakathi kwemindeni ngemihlangano yaminyaka yonke, izingxoxo ku-inthanethi. "Ngezinqubo zokuphatha, ukukhetha kwe-pedagogy, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, uma kwenzeka ungabaza ... imindeni ingathembela kithi », Kuchaza u-Alix Delehelle, wenhlangano ye-LAIA. “Ngaphezu kwalokho, akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuziphendulela ngokukhetha komuntu, ukubhekana namehlo omphakathi… Abazali abaningi bayazibuza, bazibuze, futhi sikhona ukuze sibasize ” ukuthola lapho futhi qaphela ukuthi ayikho indlela eyodwa “yokufundisa” izingane zethu », Icacisa ivolontiya lenhlangano i-Les Enfants Première.

'Ukungafundi', noma isikole ngaphandle kokukwenza

Ingabe uyazi ukuthiukungafundi ? Ngokumelene negagasi lokufunda esikoleni sezemfundo, lokhu ifilosofi yezemfundo isekelwe enkululekweni. “Lokhu ukufunda komuntu siqu, ngokuyinhloko okungahleliwe noma ngokufunwa, okusekelwe ekuphileni kwansuku zonke,” kuchaza umama okhethele izingane zakhe ezinhlanu le ndlela. “Ayikho imithetho, abazali bangabagqugquzeli bokufinyelela ezinsizeni. Izingane zifunda ngokukhululeka ngemisebenzi ezifuna ukuyenza kanye nendawo ezikuyo,” kuqhuba yena. Futhi imiphumela iyamangaza… “Uma indodana yami yokuqala ifunda ngokushelelayo ngempela lapho ineminyaka eyi-9, lapho ineminyaka eyi-10 yabe isidle cishe amanoveli amaningi njengami empilweni yami. Eyami yesibili, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngifunde ngineminyaka engu-7 lapho ngingenzanga lutho ngaphandle kokufunda izindaba zakhe, ”uyakhumbula. Izibulo lakhe manje selisungulwe emkhakheni wenkululeko kanti elesibili lilungiselela ukuphasa i-baccalaureate yakhe. “Okubalulekile ukuthi besinesiqiniseko ngokukhetha kwethu futhi sazi kahle. Le "okungeyona indlela" yayifanele izingane zethu futhi ayizange ibeke imingcele esidingweni sazo sokutholwa. Konke kuncike ngakunye! », ephetha.