I-hemangioma, noma i-hemangioma yezingane, isimila semithambo eyingozi esibonakala emzimbeni wosana ezinsukwini ezimbalwa noma amasonto ngemva kokuzalwa futhi sikhula ngokushesha phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala zokuphila, ngaphambi kokuhlehla ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi sinyamalale ngokukhula. Iminyaka engu-5-7. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi izinkinga zidinga ukwelashwa. Kuwukungajwayelekile kwemithambo okuvame kakhulu, okuthinta u-5-10% wezingane. (1)

I-hemangioma ingakala ukusuka kumamilimitha ambalwa ukuya kumasentimitha ambalwa. Ihlukaniswe ngamacala angama-80% futhi itholakala ekhanda nasentanyeni kuma-60% wamacala (1). Kodwa futhi kukhona ama-hemangiomas amaningi (noma asakazwayo). Ngemva kwesigaba sokukhula ngokushesha, ukukhula kwayo kuphazamiseka cishe unyaka wokuqala wokuphila kosana, bese isimila sihlehla kancane kancane size sinyamalale ngokuphelele ezimweni eziningi. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zomtholampilo ze-hemangioma:

• I-hemangiomas yesikhumba, ethinta i-dermis, yombala obomvu obomvu, ethatha isimo se-plaque noma i-lobe, enendawo ebushelelezi noma ehlaza njengesithelo, yingakho igama layo elithi "strawberry angioma", livela phakathi namasonto amathathu okuqala okuphila. ;
• I-subcutaneous hemangiomas, ephathelene ne-hypodermis, inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ivela kamuva, cishe izinyanga ezi-3 noma ezi-4.
• Amafomu axubile athinta i-dermis ne-hypodermis, abomvu phakathi nendawo futhi abe bluish nxazonke.

ukuhlelwa kwesimiso se-vascular ayikavuthwa emasontweni ngaphambi kokuzalwa, njengoba kuvame ukukwenzeka, futhi kuqhubeka ngokungavamile empilweni yangaphandle.

Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi, naphezu kwemizamo yokuhlukanisa, kusekhona ukudideka okukhulu kwe-semantic ngakho-ke ukuxilonga mayelana negama elithi "hemangioma". Qaphela ukuthi kunezinye izimila ze-benign vascular, njenge-congenital hemangioma. Ngokungafani nesimila esitholakala ku-hemangioma, isimila esisibangelayo sikhona kusukela ekuzalweni futhi asikhuli. Inobubende futhi ivamise ukwenziwa endaweni ezithweni eduze kwamalunga. Okokugcina, kufanele kwenziwe umehluko phakathi kwezimila ze-vascular kanye nokukhubazeka kwe-vascular.

Amantombazane anamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuba ne-hemangioma kunabafana. Kuphinde kuqashelwe ukuthi ingozi iphezulu ezinganeni ezinesikhumba esimhlophe nesimhlophe, isisindo esiphansi nalapho ukukhulelwa kube nezinkinga.

Ukwehla kwe-hemangioma kuzenzakalela ku-80-90% yamacala (kuye ngokuthi umthombo), kepha kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ukwelashwa lapho i-hemangioma inkulu futhi iba nzima, kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• I-tumor necroses, ukopha kanye nezilonda;
• Indawo yesimila ibeka engcupheni yokuvimbela ukusebenza kahle kwesitho, noma ngabe iso, umlomo, indlebe, ikhala…;
• I-hemangioma engathandeki kakhulu inemiphumela ebalulekile yengqondo enganeni, kodwa nakubazali. Ngempela, i-hemangioma engabonakali ingaholela ezinhlobonhlobo zemizwa emibi: umuzwa wokuhlukaniswa nengane, umuzwa wecala, ukukhathazeka ngisho nokwesaba.

Ukwelashwa kwe-hemangioma kusebenzisa i-corticosteroids, i-cryotherapy (ukwelashwa okubandayo), i-laser futhi, okungavamile, ukuhlinza ngokuhlinzwa. Qaphela ukuthi ukwelashwa okusha okutholwe ngenhlanhla ngo-2008, i-propranolol, kunikeza imiphumela emihle, kuyilapho kunciphisa ubungozi bemiphumela emibi. Isidakamizwa se-beta-blocker esithole ukugunyazwa kokumaketha e-Europe ngo-2014.