IGlomerulonephritis yisifo esibi isifo sezinso ezingaba nemvelaphi ehlukile. Ithinta i-glomeruli, izakhiwo ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwezinso. Kudinga ukuqashwa kwezokwelapha ngoba kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso.

I-Glomerulonephritis, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-nephritis noma i-nephrotic syndrome, i-a isifo se-glomeruli isikhumba. Ebizwa nangokuthi i-Malpighi glomerulus, i-renal glomerulus iyisakhiwo esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwezinso. Ihlanganiswe neqoqo lemithambo yegazi, i-glomerulus ivumela ukuhlungwa kwegazi. Lo mshini awugcini nje ngokuqeda imfucuza ekhona egazini kodwa futhi ugcina ibhalansi enhle yamaminerali namanzi emzimbeni.

Ngokuya ngobude nokuvela kothando, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa:

• i-glomerulonephritis enamandla, ezibonakala ngokuzumayo;
• i-glomerulonephritis engapheli, ezikhula ngaphezu kweminyaka eminingana.

Futhi singahlukanisa:

• i-glomerulonephritis eyinhloko, lapho uthando luqala ezinsweni;
• i-glomerulonephritis yesibili, lapho uthando luwumphumela wesinye isifo.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-glomerulonephritis kuyinkimbinkimbi ngoba lesi simo singaba nemisuka eminingi:

• imvelaphi yofuzo ;
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-metabolic ;
• isifo se-autoimmune, njenge-systemic lupus (lupus glomerulonephritis) noma i-Goodpasture syndrome;
• ukutheleleka, njenge-strep throat (poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis) noma ithumba lamazinyo;
• isimila esiyingozi.

Cishe ku-25% wamacala, i-glomerulonephritis kuthiwa iyi-idiopathic, okusho ukuthi imbangela ngqo ayaziwa.

I-Glomerulonephritis idinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha ukuze kukhawulwe ubungozi bezinkinga. Uma kungekho ukwelashwa, lesi sifo se-renal glomeruli sibangela:

• ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte, ngamazinga aphezulu e-sodium emzimbeni, okwandisa ikakhulukazi ingozi yesifo senhliziyo;
• ukugcinwa kwamanzi emzimbeni, okukhuthaza ukuvela kwe-edema;
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso, okungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso.

Uma i-glomerulonephritis ibangelwa ukutheleleka, ingasakazekela kwezinye izindawo zomzimba, ikakhulukazi umgudu womchamo.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-glomerulonephritis kuyahlukahluka. Kungaba kungazelelwe ku-acute glomerulonephritis noma kuhambe kancane ku-glomerulonephritis engapheli. Izimpawu nazo zingahluka. I-glomerulonephritis engapheli ingaba ingabonakali, ingabonakali, iminyaka eminingana ngaphambi kokudalula izimpawu zokuqala.

Lapho ibonakala, i-glomerulonephritis ivame ukuhambisana nezimo eziningana:

• ukwehla kwemvamisa yokuchama;
• a i-hematuria, ebonakala ngokuba khona kwegazi emchameni;
• a I-proteinuria, ebonakala ngokuba khona kwamaprotheni emcinini, okuvame ukuholela ku-albuminuria, okungukuthi, ukuba khona kwe-albumin emchameni;
• a nomfutho wegazi ophezulu i-arterial, okuwumphumela ovamile wokwehluleka kwezinso;
• un edema, ngubani omunye umphumela wokungasebenzi kahle kwezinso;
• we izinhlungu zekhanda, okungase kuhambisane nomuzwa wokungakhululeki;
• we ubuhlungu besisu, ngezindlela ezibucayi kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kwe-glomerulonephritis kuncike kumsuka wayo nakwinkambo yayo.

Njengokwelashwa komugqa wokuqala, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuvame ukubekwa ukunciphisa izimpawu futhi kunciphise ubungozi bezinkinga. Ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo uvamise ukunquma:

• antihypertensives ukulawula umfutho wegazi nokunciphisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme, uphawu oluvamile lwe-glomerulonephritis;
• isisu ukukhuphula ukuphuma komchamo nobuningi bokuchama.

Eminye imishanguzo ingahle inikezwe ukwelapha imbangela ye-glomerulonephritis. Ngokuya ngokuxilongwa, uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, ngokwesibonelo, anganquma:

• ama-antibiotics, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ze-post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, ukumisa ukutheleleka ezinso;
• ama-corticosteroids kanye nama-immunosuppressants, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ze-lupus glomerulonephritis, ukunciphisa ukuphendula komzimba.

Ngaphezu kokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa, ukudla okuthile kungenziwa uma kwenzeka i-glomerulonephritis. Lokhu kudla ngokuvamile kuphele ngamaphrotheni ne-sodium, futhi kuhambisana nokulawulwa kwevolumu yamanzi afakiwe.

Lapho ingozi yokuhluleka kwezinso iphezulu, i-dialysis ingasetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi wokuhlunga izinso. Ngamafomu abucayi kakhulu, ukufakelwa kwezinso kungabhekwa.