Umphambili uyingxenye yengalo engenhla etholakala phakathi kwendololwane nesihlakala.

Ukwakheka. Ingalo yakhiwa ngamathambo amabili: irediyasi ne-ulna (eyaziwa kakhulu njenge-ulna). Ahlanganiswe ndawonye ngolwelwesi olungaphakathi (1). Cishe imisipha engamashumi amabili ihlelwe eduze kwale eksisi futhi isakazwa ngezingxenye ezintathu ezihlukene:

• Igumbi elingaphambili, elihlanganisa imisipha ye-flexor kanye ne-pronator,
• igumbi langemuva, elihlanganisa imisipha ye-extensor,
• igumbi elingaphandle, phakathi kwamakhompathimenti amabili angaphambili, elihlanganisa ndawonye imisipha ye-extensor ne-supinator.

Ukusindiswa nokuhluthwa kwemithambo yegazi. Ukulondolozwa kwengalo yesandla kusekelwa yizinzwa ezintathu eziyinhloko: izinzwa eziphakathi nezilonda egumbini langaphakathi kanye nemizwa ye-radial ezindaweni ezingasemuva neziseceleni. Ukunikezwa kwegazi engalweni ikakhulukazi kwenziwa umthambo we-ulnar kanye nomthambo we-radial.

I-radius kanye ne-ulna ivumela ukunyakaza kwe-forearm pronosupination. 2 I-Pronosupination yakhiwe ukunyakaza okubili okuhlukene:

• Ukunyakaza kwe-supination: qondisa intende yesandla phezulu
• Ukunyakaza kokuphimisela: qondisa intende yesandla iye phansi

Ukunyakaza kwesihlakala neminwe. Imisipha nemisipha engalweni yangaphambili inwebeka ukuze ibe yingxenye yemisipha yesandla nesihlakala. Lezi zandiso zinika umphambili ukunyakaza okulandelayo:

• ukuthunjwa kanye nokwehliswa kwesihlakala, okuvumela isihlakala ngokulandelana ukuthi sisuke noma sisondele emzimbeni
• ukunyakaza kwe-flexion nokwandiswa kweminwe.

ukuphuka. Ingalo yomphambili ivamise ukuba yindawo yokuphuka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-radius, ulna, noma kokubili. (3) (4) Sithola ikakhulukazi ukuphuka kwe-Pouteau-Colles ezingeni le-radius, kanye ne-olecranon, ingxenye eyenza iphuzu lendololwane, ezingeni le-ulna.

kwamathambo. Ukuncipha kwamathambo kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokuphuka kwabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60.

AmaTendinopathies. Zichaza zonke izifo ezingase zenzeke kumathenda. Izimpawu zalezi zifo ikakhulu zibuhlungu kuthenda ngesikhathi sokuzikhandla. Izimbangela zalesi sifo zingahlukahluka. Ngaphambili, i-epicondylitis, ebizwa nangokuthi i-epicondylalgia, ibhekisela ebuhlungwini obubonakala ku-epicondyle, isifunda sendololwane. (6)

I-Tendinitis. Babhekisa kuma-tendinopathies ahambisana nokuvuvukala kwamathenda.

Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha. Kuye ngesifo, ukwelashwa okuhlukene kungase kunqunywe ukulawula noma ukuqinisa izicubu zamathambo noma ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala.

Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa. Ngokuya ngohlobo lokwephuka, umsebenzi wokuhlinza ungenziwa, ngokwesibonelo, ukubekwa kwezikhonkwane, ipuleti elihlanganisiwe noma isilungisi sangaphandle.

Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Ukuxilongwa kuqala ngokuhlolwa kobuhlungu bengalo ukuze kutholakale izimbangela zabo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha. I-X-ray, i-CT, i-MRI, i-scintigraphy noma i-bone densitometry izivivinyo ingasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa noma ukujulisa ukuxilongwa.

I-epicondylitis yangaphandle, noma i-epicondylalgia, yendololwane ibizwa nangokuthi "indololwane yethenisi" noma "indololwane yomdlali wethenisi" njengoba zenzeka njalo kubadlali bethenisi. (7) Azivamile kakhulu namuhla ngenxa yesisindo esilula kakhulu samarakhethi amanje. Ukungajwayelekile, i-epicondylitis yangaphakathi, noma i-epicondylalgia, kubangelwa “indololwane yegalofu”.