I-Flu shot kubantu abadala ngo-2022
E-Russia, ukugoma umkhuhlane 2022-2023 sekuqalile. Umkhuhlane odutshulwe kubantu abadala uzosiza ukugwema isifo esiyingozi esidlule nezimpilo zezigidi zabantu ngaphandle kokulawulwa nokwelashwa.

Abantu abaningi namuhla abawubheki umkhuhlane njengesifo esiyingozi, njengoba kuye kwasungulwa umuthi wokugomela, futhi amakhemisi athengisa izidakamizwa eziningi ezithembisa “ukuqeda izimpawu zomkhuhlane nomkhuhlane” ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje. Kodwa okuhlangenwe nakho okudabukisayo kwamakhulu eminyaka adlule, ngokwesibonelo, umqedazwe womkhuhlane waseSpain owaziwa kakhulu, kusikhumbuza ukuthi lesi isifo esicashile, esiyingozi. Futhi mincane kakhulu imithi esebenzayo engacindezela igciwane.1.

Kuze kube namuhla, umkhuhlane uyingozi ngenxa yezinkinga zawo. Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuzivikela ezifweni iwukuba ugonywe ngesikhathi.

Ukugonywa komkhuhlane ezweni lakithi kufakwe ekhalendeni likaZwelonke lemigomo yokuvimbela2. Wonke umuntu uyagonywa minyaka yonke, kodwa kunezigaba ezithile lapho lokhu kugonywa kuyimpoqo. Laba bangabasebenzi bezikhungo zezokwelapha nezemfundo, ezokuthutha, izinsiza zomphakathi.

Lapho ungathola khona isibhamu somkhuhlane eRussia

Ukugonywa kwenzeka emitholampilo nasezikhungweni zezokwelapha ezizimele. Umuthi wokugoma unikezwa nge-intramuscularly engalweni engenhla.

Ngokuvamile, imithi yokugoma eyenziwe eRussia inikezwa mahhala (uma igonywa emitholampilo kamasipala, ngaphansi kwenqubomgomo ye-MHI), uma ufisa ukwenza owangaphandle, kungase kudingeke inkokhelo eyengeziwe. Asikho isidingo sokulungiselela inqubo - into eyinhloko ukuthi azikho izimpawu zezinye izifo, ngisho nomkhuhlane3.

E-Russia, abantu abambalwa bayagonywa, kuze kufike ku-37% wabantu. Kwamanye amazwe, isimo sihlukile, ngokwesibonelo, e-United States, okungenani ingxenye yabantu igonyelwa umkhuhlane.

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane uhlala isikhathi esingakanani

Ukuzivikela ngemva komkhuhlane kuhlala isikhashana. Ngokuvamile kwanele isizini eyodwa kuphela - ukugoma okulandelayo ngeke kusavikela umkhuhlane. Kuphela ku-20 - 40% yamacala, ukudubula komkhuhlane ngesizini edlule kuzosiza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuhlukahluka okuphezulu kwegciwane emvelweni, lihlala liguquka. Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa umgomo wonyaka, kuyilapho kusetshenziswa imigomo emisha kuphela yenkathi yamanje.4.

Iyini imigomo yomkhuhlane eRussia?

Imithi yokugoma yokuqala yenziwa ngamagciwane angasebenzi, kanti eminye “yayiphila”. Cishe zonke izibhamu zesimanje zomkhuhlane ziyimithi yokugoma eyenziwe ngamagciwane “abulewe”. Amagciwane omkhuhlane akhuliswa emibungu yezinkukhu, futhi lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sezinto ezingenzeka zokungezwani komzimba - ngenxa yeminonjana yamaprotheni enkukhu ekubunjweni.

E-Russia, kukhona cishe isiko lokungayethembi imithi yasekhaya, kuvame ukukholelwa ukuthi ukugoma kwamanye amazwe kungcono. Kodwa isibalo salabo abagonywe ngemijovo yasekhaya siyakhula unyaka nonyaka, kuyilapho izinga lomkhuhlane liyancipha. Lokhu kubonisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwemigomo yasekhaya, engahlukile kweyangaphandle.

Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ekwindla, izikhungo zezokwelapha zithola imigomo ezinkampanini zemithi zaseRussia nezangaphandle. E-Russia, izidakamizwa zisetshenziswa kakhulu: Sovigripp, Ultrix, Flu-M, Ultrix Quardi, Vaxigrip, Grippol, Grippol plus, Influvak. Sekukonke, cishe imithi yokugoma enjalo eyishumi nambili ibhalisiwe.

Kunobufakazi bokuthi eminye imithi yokugomela umkhuhlane wangaphandle ngeke ilethwe eRussia kule sizini (le iVaxigrip/Influvak).

Ukwakheka kwemithi yokugoma kuyashintsha njalo ngonyaka. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvikela okuphezulu egciwaneni lomkhuhlane eliguqukile phakathi nonyaka. I-World Health Organization ibikezela ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwegciwane lomkhuhlane olulindelekile kule sizini. Imithi yokugoma emisha yenziwa ngokusekelwe kule datha, ngakho unyaka ngamunye ungase uhluke.5.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Uzokutshela ngabo bonke ubunkimbinkimbi bokukhiqizwa kwemithi yokugoma nokuphepha kwayo вRach-therapist, gastroenterologist Marina Malygina.

Ubani okungafanele athole isibhamu somkhuhlane?
Awukwazi ukugonyelwa umkhuhlane uma umuntu enezifo eziyingozi zegazi kanye nama-neoplasms, futhi engezwani namaprotheni enkukhu (kuphela leyo mithi yokugoma eyenziwe kusetshenziswa amaprotheni enkukhu futhi equkethe izinhlayiya zayo ayikwazi ukulawulwa). Iziguli azigonywa lapho isifuba somoya esibuhlungu kanye ne-atopic dermatitis ziba zimbi, futhi ngesikhathi sokuxolelwa kwalezi zifo, kungenzeka ukuthi zigonyelwe umkhuhlane. Ungagomi uma umuntu ozogonywa enomkhuhlane futhi kunezimpawu ze-SARS. Umgomo ubambezeleka amasonto ama-3 uma umuntu enesifo esibucayi. Ukugoma kunqatshelwe kubantu lapho umkhuhlane wangaphambilini udutshulwe wabangela ukungezwani okunamandla.
Ngidinga ukushaywa umkhuhlane uma kade ngigula?
Igciwane lomkhuhlane liyashintsha minyaka yonke, ngakho amasosha omzimba akhiqizwa emzimbeni ngeke akwazi ukuvikela ngokugcwele okuhlukile kohlobo lomkhuhlane. Uma umuntu egula ngesizini edlule, lokhu ngeke kumvikele kuleli gciwane kule sizini. Lokhu kuyasebenza nakubantu abathole isibhamu somkhuhlane ngonyaka odlule. Ngokusekelwe kule datha, kuphephile ukusho ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuthi ugonyelwe umkhuhlane, noma ngabe usuvele ugula.
Ingabe abesifazane abakhulelwe bangathola isibhamu somkhuhlane?
Abesifazane abakhulelwe basengozini enkulu yokuthola umkhuhlane. Lokhu kungenxa yezinguquko ekusebenzeni kwesimiso sabo sokujikeleza kwegazi, sokuzivikela komzimba kanye nesokuphefumula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubunzima benkambo buyanda, okuholela ekwandeni kokulaliswa esibhedlela. Ucwaningo luye lwafakazela ukuphepha komgomo womkhuhlane kulesi sigaba sabantu. Ama-antibody akha emzimbeni ngemva kokugoma angadluliselwa enganeni ngobisi lwebele, okunciphisa ingozi yokugula. Abesifazane abakhulelwe ku-trimester yesi-2 neyesi-3 yokukhulelwa, kanye nalapho bencelisa, bangagonyelwa umkhuhlane.
Ungakwazi yini ukumanzisa indawo yokudutshulwa komkhuhlane?
Ngemuva kokudubula komkhuhlane, ungakwazi ukugeza, kuyilapho indawo yomjovo akufanele ifakwe isiponji, ngoba i-hematoma ingase ibonakale. Umuthi wokugoma unikezwa nge-intramuscularly, ngakho-ke isikhumba kuphela esilimale kancane futhi lokhu akuphazamisi umphumela womgomo.
Ngingakwazi ukuphuza utshwala ngemva kokushaywa umkhuhlane?
Cha, noma yimuphi umthwalo esibindini awuvunyelwe. Ukuphuza utshwala ngemva kokugoma akukhuthazwa ngoba amakhemikhali asetshwaleni angaphazamisa ukwakheka kokuzivikela komzimba okuhle futhi andise ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-allergies.
Ngingayithola nini isibhamu somkhuhlane ngemva kokudutshulwa kwe-coronavirus?
Ungathola isibhamu somkhuhlane inyanga eyodwa ngemva kokuthola ingxenye yesibili yomgomo we-COVID-19. Isikhathi esifanele sokugoma uSepthemba-Novemba.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingenzeka ngemva kokudutshulwa komkhuhlane?
Imithi yokugoma inenani eliphezulu lenzuzo engozini uma iqhathaniswa neminye imithi. Imiphumela yezifo ezibangelwa ukutheleleka iyingozi kakhulu kunokusabela okubi okungenzeka ngemva kokugoma.

Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obusha, ukusabela okungekuhle emuthini wokugomela umkhuhlane kuya ngokuya kuncipha. Isibonelo, ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-70, ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa komgomo, igciwane labulawa, "lihlanzwa" kancane futhi lisekelwe kulo, lo mgomo okuthiwa i-whole-virion wadalwa. Namuhla, ososayensi bayaqonda ukuthi igciwane eliphelele alisadingeki, amaprotheni ambalwa anele, lapho kwakhiwa khona impendulo yokuzivikela emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni igciwane liyabhujiswa futhi konke okungadingekile kuyasuswa, kushiya kuphela amaprotheni adingekayo abangela ukwakheka kokugoma ngokumelene nomkhuhlane. Umzimba ngesikhathi esifanayo ubabona njengegciwane langempela. Lokhu kubangela umgomo weyunithi yeyunithi yesizukulwane sesine. Umuthi wokugoma onjalo ungasetshenziswa ngisho nakulabo abangezwani, kuhlanganise namaprotheni enkukhu. Ubuchwepheshe bufike ezingeni lokuthi okuqukethwe kweprotheyini yenkukhu emgomeni kucishe kube nzima ukukubona.

Kungase kube nokusabela okuncane kwendawo ekugomeni, ubomvu, ngezinye izikhathi izinga lokushisa likhuphuka kancane, futhi ikhanda livela. Kodwa ngisho nokusabela okunjalo akuvamile - cishe u-3% wabo bonke abagonyiwe.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi umgomo uphephile?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ukusabela komuntu ngamunye emgomeni kungenzeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amalungiselelo esimanje e-immunobiological yimikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ehlolwa isikhathi eside (kusukela eminyakeni emi-2 kuye kweyi-10) ukuze isebenze kahle nokuphepha kokusetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, ayikho imithi yokugoma engaphephile emakethe.

Ngisho nangemva kokuba umuthi wokugoma usugunyaziwe ukuthi usetshenziswe ekugomeni abantu, iziphathimandla zezempilo ziyaqhubeka nokuqapha izinga nokuphepha kwawo. Izikhungo ezikhethekile zoMnyango Wezempilo waseRussia zihlale ziqapha ukusebenza kwemithi yokugoma ekhiqizwayo.

Phakathi nawo wonke umjikelezo wokukhiqiza umgomo, izilawuli ezingaba ngu-400 zezinto zokusetshenziswa, imidiya, ikhwalithi yabaphakathi kanye nemikhiqizo eqediwe yenziwa. Ibhizinisi ngalinye linelabhorethri yalo yokulawula, ehlukile ekukhiqizeni futhi esebenza ngokuzimela.

Abakhiqizi nabahlinzeki baphinde baqaphe ukulandelwa okuqinile kwemithetho yokugcina nokuthutha imithi yokugoma, okungukuthi, ukuqinisekisa izimo zalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "iketanga elibandayo".

Ngingakwazi yini ukuza nomgomo wami wokugoma?
Ngokuqondile ngoba ungaqiniseka ngokuphepha komgomo kuphela uma ulandela yonke imithetho yezokuthutha, njll., akufanele uthenge futhi ulethe umgomo wakho. Izinga layo lingase liphazamiseke. Okuthembeke kakhulu yilokho okugcinwa ngendlela efanele esikhungweni sezokwelapha. Iningi labo liyenqaba ukunikeza umgomo olethwe ngenxa yalesi sizathu.
Ngabe umuthi wokugoma uqala ukusebenza ngokushesha kangakanani?
“Ukuvikela” kumkhuhlane akuthuthukiswa ngokushesha ngemva kokugoma. Okokuqala, amasosha omzimba abona izingxenye zomgomo, okuthatha cishe amasonto amabili. Ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa ukungatheleleki, abantu abanaleli gciwane kusafanele bagwenywe ukuze bagweme ukuthola umkhuhlane ngaphambi kokuba umgomo usebenze.

Imithombo ye:

  1. I-Orlova NV Flu. Ukuxilongwa, isu lokukhetha izidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane // MS. 2017. No. 20. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/gripp-diagnostika-strategiya-vybora-protivovirusnyh-preparatov
  2. Isithasiselo N 1. Ikhalenda kazwelonke yemigomo yokuvimbela
  3. Ulwazi lwe-Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare yangomhla zingama-20 kuSepthemba, 2021 “Ngomkhuhlane nezindlela zokuwunqanda” https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/402715964/
  4. I-Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. Mayelana nokugoma umkhuhlane emibuzweni nezimpendulo. https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/about/info/news/news_details.php?ELEMENT_ID=15586
  5. I-Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. Izincomo zeRospotrebnadzor kubantu ekugomeni https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/region/zika/recomendation.php

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