Okuqukethwe
Abantu abaningi namuhla abawubheki umkhuhlane njengesifo esiyingozi, njengoba kuye kwasungulwa umuthi wokugomela, futhi amakhemisi athengisa izidakamizwa eziningi ezithembisa “ukuqeda izimpawu zomkhuhlane nomkhuhlane” ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje. Kodwa okuhlangenwe nakho okudabukisayo kwamakhulu eminyaka adlule, ngokwesibonelo, umqedazwe womkhuhlane waseSpain owaziwa kakhulu, kusikhumbuza ukuthi lesi isifo esicashile, esiyingozi. Futhi mincane kakhulu imithi esebenzayo engacindezela igciwane.1.
Kuze kube namuhla, umkhuhlane uyingozi ngenxa yezinkinga zawo. Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuzivikela ezifweni iwukuba ugonywe ngesikhathi.
Ukugonywa komkhuhlane ezweni lakithi kufakwe ekhalendeni likaZwelonke lemigomo yokuvimbela2. Wonke umuntu uyagonywa minyaka yonke, kodwa kunezigaba ezithile lapho lokhu kugonywa kuyimpoqo. Laba bangabasebenzi bezikhungo zezokwelapha nezemfundo, ezokuthutha, izinsiza zomphakathi.
Lapho ungathola khona isibhamu somkhuhlane eRussia
Ukugonywa kwenzeka emitholampilo nasezikhungweni zezokwelapha ezizimele. Umuthi wokugoma unikezwa nge-intramuscularly engalweni engenhla.
Ngokuvamile, imithi yokugoma eyenziwe eRussia inikezwa mahhala (uma igonywa emitholampilo kamasipala, ngaphansi kwenqubomgomo ye-MHI), uma ufisa ukwenza owangaphandle, kungase kudingeke inkokhelo eyengeziwe. Asikho isidingo sokulungiselela inqubo - into eyinhloko ukuthi azikho izimpawu zezinye izifo, ngisho nomkhuhlane3.
E-Russia, abantu abambalwa bayagonywa, kuze kufike ku-37% wabantu. Kwamanye amazwe, isimo sihlukile, ngokwesibonelo, e-United States, okungenani ingxenye yabantu igonyelwa umkhuhlane.
Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane uhlala isikhathi esingakanani
Ukuzivikela ngemva komkhuhlane kuhlala isikhashana. Ngokuvamile kwanele isizini eyodwa kuphela - ukugoma okulandelayo ngeke kusavikela umkhuhlane. Kuphela ku-20 - 40% yamacala, ukudubula komkhuhlane ngesizini edlule kuzosiza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuhlukahluka okuphezulu kwegciwane emvelweni, lihlala liguquka. Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa umgomo wonyaka, kuyilapho kusetshenziswa imigomo emisha kuphela yenkathi yamanje.4.
Iyini imigomo yomkhuhlane eRussia?
Imithi yokugoma yokuqala yenziwa ngamagciwane angasebenzi, kanti eminye “yayiphila”. Cishe zonke izibhamu zesimanje zomkhuhlane ziyimithi yokugoma eyenziwe ngamagciwane “abulewe”. Amagciwane omkhuhlane akhuliswa emibungu yezinkukhu, futhi lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sezinto ezingenzeka zokungezwani komzimba - ngenxa yeminonjana yamaprotheni enkukhu ekubunjweni.
E-Russia, kukhona cishe isiko lokungayethembi imithi yasekhaya, kuvame ukukholelwa ukuthi ukugoma kwamanye amazwe kungcono. Kodwa isibalo salabo abagonywe ngemijovo yasekhaya siyakhula unyaka nonyaka, kuyilapho izinga lomkhuhlane liyancipha. Lokhu kubonisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwemigomo yasekhaya, engahlukile kweyangaphandle.
Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ekwindla, izikhungo zezokwelapha zithola imigomo ezinkampanini zemithi zaseRussia nezangaphandle. E-Russia, izidakamizwa zisetshenziswa kakhulu: Sovigripp, Ultrix, Flu-M, Ultrix Quardi, Vaxigrip, Grippol, Grippol plus, Influvak. Sekukonke, cishe imithi yokugoma enjalo eyishumi nambili ibhalisiwe.
Kunobufakazi bokuthi eminye imithi yokugomela umkhuhlane wangaphandle ngeke ilethwe eRussia kule sizini (le iVaxigrip/Influvak).
Ukwakheka kwemithi yokugoma kuyashintsha njalo ngonyaka. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvikela okuphezulu egciwaneni lomkhuhlane eliguqukile phakathi nonyaka. I-World Health Organization ibikezela ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwegciwane lomkhuhlane olulindelekile kule sizini. Imithi yokugoma emisha yenziwa ngokusekelwe kule datha, ngakho unyaka ngamunye ungase uhluke.5.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile
Uzokutshela ngabo bonke ubunkimbinkimbi bokukhiqizwa kwemithi yokugoma nokuphepha kwayo вRach-therapist, gastroenterologist Marina Malygina.
Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obusha, ukusabela okungekuhle emuthini wokugomela umkhuhlane kuya ngokuya kuncipha. Isibonelo, ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-70, ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa komgomo, igciwane labulawa, "lihlanzwa" kancane futhi lisekelwe kulo, lo mgomo okuthiwa i-whole-virion wadalwa. Namuhla, ososayensi bayaqonda ukuthi igciwane eliphelele alisadingeki, amaprotheni ambalwa anele, lapho kwakhiwa khona impendulo yokuzivikela emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni igciwane liyabhujiswa futhi konke okungadingekile kuyasuswa, kushiya kuphela amaprotheni adingekayo abangela ukwakheka kokugoma ngokumelene nomkhuhlane. Umzimba ngesikhathi esifanayo ubabona njengegciwane langempela. Lokhu kubangela umgomo weyunithi yeyunithi yesizukulwane sesine. Umuthi wokugoma onjalo ungasetshenziswa ngisho nakulabo abangezwani, kuhlanganise namaprotheni enkukhu. Ubuchwepheshe bufike ezingeni lokuthi okuqukethwe kweprotheyini yenkukhu emgomeni kucishe kube nzima ukukubona.
Kungase kube nokusabela okuncane kwendawo ekugomeni, ubomvu, ngezinye izikhathi izinga lokushisa likhuphuka kancane, futhi ikhanda livela. Kodwa ngisho nokusabela okunjalo akuvamile - cishe u-3% wabo bonke abagonyiwe.
Ngisho nangemva kokuba umuthi wokugoma usugunyaziwe ukuthi usetshenziswe ekugomeni abantu, iziphathimandla zezempilo ziyaqhubeka nokuqapha izinga nokuphepha kwawo. Izikhungo ezikhethekile zoMnyango Wezempilo waseRussia zihlale ziqapha ukusebenza kwemithi yokugoma ekhiqizwayo.
Phakathi nawo wonke umjikelezo wokukhiqiza umgomo, izilawuli ezingaba ngu-400 zezinto zokusetshenziswa, imidiya, ikhwalithi yabaphakathi kanye nemikhiqizo eqediwe yenziwa. Ibhizinisi ngalinye linelabhorethri yalo yokulawula, ehlukile ekukhiqizeni futhi esebenza ngokuzimela.
Abakhiqizi nabahlinzeki baphinde baqaphe ukulandelwa okuqinile kwemithetho yokugcina nokuthutha imithi yokugoma, okungukuthi, ukuqinisekisa izimo zalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "iketanga elibandayo".
Imithombo ye:
- I-Orlova NV Flu. Ukuxilongwa, isu lokukhetha izidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane // MS. 2017. No. 20. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/gripp-diagnostika-strategiya-vybora-protivovirusnyh-preparatov
- Isithasiselo N 1. Ikhalenda kazwelonke yemigomo yokuvimbela
- Ulwazi lwe-Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare yangomhla zingama-20 kuSepthemba, 2021 “Ngomkhuhlane nezindlela zokuwunqanda” https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/402715964/
- I-Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. Mayelana nokugoma umkhuhlane emibuzweni nezimpendulo. https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/about/info/news/news_details.php?ELEMENT_ID=15586
- I-Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. Izincomo zeRospotrebnadzor kubantu ekugomeni https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/region/zika/recomendation.php