Isithombe kanye nencazelo ye-beetle yobulongwe (Coprinellus micaceus)

Ibhungane lobulongwe elicwebezelayo (Coprinellus micaceus)

• I-Agaricus micaceus inkunzi
• U-Agaricus wabuthana Sowerby umuzwa

Igama lamanje: Coprinellus micaceus (Inkunzi.) Vilgalys, Hopple & Jacq. Johnson, Taxon 50 (1): 234 (2001)

Ibhungane lobulongwe liyikhowe elaziwayo nelihle, lisabalele kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Ikhula ngamaqembu okhunini olubolayo, nakuba izinkuni zingase zigqitshwe, okwenza ukhunta kubonakale sengathi lukhula emhlabathini. Ukucwayiza kungahlukaniswa kwezinye izibhungane ngamabhungane amancane, afana ne-mica ahlobisa izigqoko zamakhowe amancane (yize imvula ivame ukuwageza lawa ma-granules). Umbala we-cap ushintsha ngokuya ngeminyaka noma izimo zezulu, kodwa ngokuvamile umthunzi wezinyosi noma u-amber, ngaphandle kokumpunga.

Yonke into ayilula ngebhungane eliFlickering Dung, elicishe lifane neleDomestic Dung Bean kanye “newele” layo, iRadiant Dung Bean (Coprinellus radians). Ibhungane elithi Twinkling Dung nalo linewele… okungenani izazi zofuzo zaseNyakatho Melika lapho ziyakholelwa. Ukuhumusha kwamahhala okuvela ku-Kuo:

Incazelo yezici ze-macroscopic ngezansi ihambisana nezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezisemthethweni, zonke ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-Coprinus micaceus" kumahlahlandlela asensimini. Ngokusemthethweni, i-Coprinellus micaceus kufanele ibe ne-calocystidia (futhi ngaleyo ndlela ibe nesiqu esinoboya obuhle kakhulu) kanye nezinhlamvu ze-mitriform (ezimise okwesigqoko sikabhishobhi). Ngokuphambene, i-Coprinellus truncorum inesiqu esibushelelezi (yingakho ingenayo i-calocystidia) kanye nezinhlamvu ezigqamile. Imiphumela ye-DNA yokuqala ka-Ko et al. (2001) ikhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-Coprinellus micaceus ne-Coprinellus truncorum ziyafana ngokwezakhi zofuzo—yize lokhu kubonakala kuphela ku-Keirle et al. (2004), ababonisa ukuthi izibonelo ezimbili ze-"Coprinellus micaceus" lezo ezihlolwe ngu-Ko et al. ekuqaleni zahlonzwa ngokuthi yi-Coprinellus truncorum.

Kodwa ngenkathi lolu kuwucwaningo kuphela, lezi zinhlobo zezilwane azikakachazwa ngokusemthethweni (kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2021).

ikhanda: 2-5 cm, okusaqanda uma isencane, inweba ibe yinde ngokubanzi noma okumise okwensimbi, ngezinye izikhathi ngomphetho omagagasi kancane kanye/noma noma emadlakadlaka. Umbala wekepisi unoju olunsundu, u-buff, inhlaka noma ngezinye izikhathi ulula, uyafiphala futhi uphaphathekile ngokukhula, ikakhulukazi ngasemaphethelweni. Unqenqema lwekepisi lunothayela noma luba nezimbambo, cishe uhhafu werediyasi noma ngaphezulu kancane.

Isigqoko sonke simbozwe kakhulu ngezikali ezincane-ama-granules, afana nezingcezu ze-mica noma i-pearl chips, zimhlophe futhi zi-iridescent ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Zingagezwa ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye yimvula noma amazolo, ngakho-ke, kumakhowe asekhulile, isigqoko sivame ukuvela "sinqunu".

amapuleti: ukunamathela okukhululekile noma okubuthakathaka, okuvamile, okuncane, okukhanyayo, okumhlophe kumakhowe amancane, kamuva kube mpunga, kunsundu, kunsundu, bese kuba mnyama futhi kufiphale, kuguquke kube "yinki" emnyama, kodwa ngokuvamile hhayi ngokuphelele, kodwa cishe ingxenye yokuphakama kwekepisi . Esimweni sezulu esomile futhi esishisayo, izigqoko zebhungane lobulongwe obucwazimulayo zingoma ngaphandle kokuba nesikhathi sokuncibilika zibe “yiyinki”.

Leg: 2-8 cm ubude no-3-6 mm ubukhulu. Phakathi, okulinganayo, okushelelayo kuya koboya obuhle kakhulu. Imhlophe yonke, i-fibrous, ingenalutho.

Umtfumbu: kusukela kokumhlophe kuya kokumhlophe, mncane, okuthambile, okuphukayo, okune-fibrous esiqwini.

Iphunga futhi unambitha: Ngaphandle kwezici.

Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali: I-Amonia ingcolisa inyama yebhungane lobulongwe obucwazimulayo ngombala onsomi okhanyayo noma obomvana.

I-spore powder imprint: omnyama.

Izici ze-Microscopic:

Impikiswano 7-11 x 4-7 µm, i-subelliptical to mitriform (efana nesigqoko somfundisi), ebushelelezi, egelezayo, enembobo emaphakathi.

Bazidi 4-spored, uzungezwe 3-6 brachybasidia.

I-Saprophyte, imizimba ye-fruiting yakhiwa ngamaqembu, ngezinye izikhathi amakhulu kakhulu, phezu kwezinkuni ezibolayo. Qaphela: Izinkuni zingagqitshwa phansi emhlabathini, kusho izimpande ezifile, okwenza amakhowe avele ngaphezu komhlabathi.

Entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla, kuze kube isithwathwa. Kuvame kakhulu emadolobheni, izingadi, amapaki, emagcekeni nasezindleleni zemigwaqo, kodwa futhi kutholakala emahlathini. Kusatshalaliswa kabanzi kuwo wonke amazwekazi lapho kunamahlathi noma izihlahlana. Ngemva kwemvula, amakoloni amakhulu "adubula", angakwazi ukuhlala endaweni engamamitha-skwele ambalwa.

Ibhungane lobulongwe elicwebezelayo, njengazo zonke izinkubabulongwe ezifanayo, liyadliwa lisencane, kuze kube yilapho amapuleti aphenduka abe mnyama. Kudliwa ama-caps kuphela, ngoba imilenze, naphezu kokuthi mincane kakhulu, ingahlafunwa kabi ngenxa yesakhiwo se-fibrous.

Kunconywa ukubilisa kwangaphambili, cishe imizuzu emi-5 yokubilisa.

Amakhowe adinga ukuphekwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemva kokuvuna, njengoba inqubo ye-autolysis izokwenzeka noma ngabe amakhowe ayavunwa noma ayaqhubeka ekhula.

Kunenqwaba yezinkubabulongwe ngamathoni ansundu ngokunsundu, futhi wonke afana kakhulu. Ukunquma ngezici ezinkulu, kubalulekile ukubheka, okokuqala, lapho kukhona noma ukungabikho kwemicu ye-brownish shaggy ku-substrate lapho amakhowe ekhula khona. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-ozonium". Uma kunjalo, sinenkubabulongwe yasekhaya, noma uhlobo oluseduze nebhungane laseKhaya. Uhlu lwezinhlobo ezifanayo luzokwengezwa futhi lubuyekezwe esihlokweni esithi “Ibhungane lobulongwe basekhaya”.

Ibhungane lobulongwe (Coprinellus domesticus)

Futhi izinhlobo ezifanayo nazo zihlukile kulezo "ezifana ne-Flickering" ngokuba khona kwe-ozonium - i-coating encane ebomvu ngendlela ye-hyphae ehlanganisiwe, lo "carpet" ungathatha indawo enkulu kakhulu.

Uma ingekho i-ozonium, khona-ke cishe sinesinye sezinhlobo eziseduze nebhungane lobulongwe elicwebezelayo, bese udinga ukubheka ubukhulu bamakhowe kanye nombala wama-granules lapho isigqoko "sifafazwa khona". Kodwa lolu uphawu olungathembeki kakhulu.

Ibhungane likashukela (Coprinellus saccharinus)

Isigqoko simbozwe ngezikali ezimhlophe, hhayi ezicwebezelayo, ezithambile. Ngokwe-Microscopically, umehluko ngosayizi nokuma kwezinhlamvu ku-ellipsoidal kakhulu noma i-ovoid, i-miter ephinyiselwe kancane kune-Flickering.

Willow dung beetle (Coprinellus truncorum)

Ihluke ngesigqoko esigoqiwe kakhulu, kuso, ngaphezu "kwezimbambo" ezivamile zamabhungane, kukhona "ama-folds" amakhulu. Ukumbozwa kwekepisi kumhlophe, kucolekile, akucwebezeli

Ibhungane lobulongwe behlathi ( Coprinellus silvaticus )

Izinhlamvu ziyi-ovoid futhi zimise okwe-alimondi. Ukugqoka esigqokweni kungamathoni ansundu agqwalile, izinhlayiya zincane kakhulu futhi zihlala isikhathi esifushane.

Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi uma i-ozonium ingavezwa ngokucacile, amakhowe awancane, futhi ukumbozwa ("ama-granules") esigqokweni kube mnyama noma kugezwe yimvula, khona-ke ukukhonjwa ngezici ezinkulu akunakwenzeka, ngoba konke. okunye ubukhulu bemizimba yezithelo, imvelo, i-fruiting mass nombala. amakepisi - izimpawu azithembekile futhi zihlangana ngokuqinile kulezi zinhlobo.

Ividiyo emayelana ne-mushroom Dung beetle ecwayizayo:

Isithombe: sisuka emibuzweni ethi “Okufanelekelayo”.