Iminwe (kusuka kwidijithi yesiLatin) yakha imikhawulo echazwe etholakala ekunwebeni izandla.

Isikhundla. Iminwe itholakala ngokuhambisana nezandla, emaphethelweni aphezulu nangaphezulu wesundu. Kuneminwe emihlanu (1):

• Umunwe wokuqala, obizwa ngokuthi isithupha noma i-pollux, uwukuphela komunwe otholakala engxenyeni engemuva kakhulu yesandla. Ukuma kwayo kuyinika ukuhamba okukhudlwana nokusebenza kahle ekubambeni.
• Umunwe wesibili, obizwa ngokuthi umunwe wokukhomba, uphakathi kwesithupha nomunwe ophakathi.
• Umunwe wesithathu, obizwa ngokuthi umunwe ophakathi noma ophakathi, utholakala phakathi kweminwe yenkomba nendandatho. Yakha i-eksisi yereferensi yokunyakaza okuhlangene.
• Umunwe wesi-4, obizwa ngokuthi umunwe wendandatho, utholakala phakathi komunwe ophakathi nomunwe omncane.
• Umunwe wesi-5, obizwa ngomunwe omncane wesandla noma umunwe omncane, utholakala ekunwebeni komphetho wesandla.

Amathambo omunwe. Amathambo omunwe akhiwe ngamaphalanges. Ngaphandle kwesithupha esinama-phalanges amabili kuphela, umunwe ngamunye unama-phalanges amathathu (1), achazwe phakathi kwawo:

• Ama-phalanges asondelene acacisa ngama-metacarpals, amathambo esundu, futhi enza amalunga we-metacarpophalangeal.
• Ama-phalanges aphakathi nendawo acacisa ngama-phalanges asondelene nalawo enza izinhlanganisela ze-interphalangeal.
• I-distal phalanges ihambisana namathiphu eminwe.

Ukwakheka kweminwe. Ngokuzungeza uhlaka lwamathambo, iminwe yakhiwe (2) (3):

• izintambo ezihlangene, ukuzinzisa amalunga e-metacarpophalangeal kanye ne-interphalangeal;
• amapuleti esundu, atholakala ezindaweni zesundu zamalunga;
• i-flexor ne-extensor tendon yeminwe, evela ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zemisipha yesandla;
• isikhumba ;
• izinzipho ezibekwe ekugcineni komunwe ngamunye.

Ukusindiswa nokuhluthwa kwemithambo yegazi. Iminwe ayinakekelwa yizinzwa zedijithali, amagatsha aqhamuka kwi-nerve median, kanye ne-ulnar nerve (2). Ahlinzekwa yimithambo yedijithali nemithambo (3).

Indima yolwazi. Iminwe izwela kakhulu, ivumela imininingwane eminingi yangaphandle ukuthi iqoqwe ngokuthinta nangokuthinta (3).

Indima yokwenza. Iminwe ivumela ukubamba, okuhambisana nayo yonke imisebenzi evumela ukubamba (3).

Ezinye izindima zeminwe. Iminwe iphinde ibe nendima ebalulekile ekukhulumeni, ekondlekeni, noma ngisho nasekulungiseni ubuhle (3).

Ngokunikezwa kwesakhiwo sabo esiyinkimbinkimbi nokusetshenziswa kwabo unomphela, iminwe ingathinteka ngezifo eziningi ezinezimbangela ezahlukahlukene.

Izifo zamathambo.

• Ukuphuka kwe-phalanges. Ama-phalanges angathinteka futhi aphuke. Ukuphuka kwe-articular extra-articular kumele kuhlukaniswe nokuhlukana okuhlangene okubandakanya ukujoyina futhi kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezilonda. Amathambo aqhekekile eminwe abangela ukuqina okuthinta ukuhamba kweminwe (4).
• I-Osteoporosis: Lesi simo singathinta ama-phalanges futhi siwukulahlekelwa kwamathambo okuvame ukutholakala kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60. Sigcizelela ubuthakathaka bamathambo futhi sikhuthaze izikweletu (5).

Izifo ezimbi. Izifo ezahlukahlukene zezinzwa zingathinta iminwe. Isibonelo, i-carpal tunnel syndrome ibhekisela ezinkingeni ezihlobene nokucindezelwa kwe-nerve median ezingeni lomhubhe we-carpal, ngokunembile kakhulu ezingeni lesihlakala. Kubonakala njengokuncinza kweminwe nokulahleka kwamandla emisipha, ikakhulukazi entendeni yesandla (6).

Imisipha ne-tendon pathologies. Iminwe ingathinteka yizinkinga ze-musculoskeletal, eziqashelwa njengezifo zomsebenzi futhi ezivela ngesikhathi sokucela ngokweqile, okuphindaphindiwe noma okunonya kwesitho.

Ama-pathologies ahlangene. Iminwe ingaba isihlalo sokuphazamiseka kwamalunga, ikakhulukazi isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga ehlanganisa izinhlungu ezihambisana namalunga, imigqa, imisipha noma amathambo. I-osteoarthritis iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo samathambo futhi ibonakala ngokuguga nokudabuka koqwanga oluvikela amathambo asemalungeni. Amalunga esundu nawo angathinteka ukuvuvukala esimweni sesifo samathambo (7). Lezi zimo zingaholela ekukhubazekeni kweminwe.

Ukuvimbela ukushaqeka nobuhlungu entendeni yesandla. Ukunciphisa ukukhubazeka kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemisipha, ukuvimbela ngokugqoka ukuvikela noma ukufunda ukuthinta okufanelekile kubalulekile.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Symptomatic. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukungakhululeki, ikakhulukazi esimweni se-carpal tunnel syndrome, isihloko singagqoka i-splint ebusuku.

Ukwelashwa kwamathambo. Ngokuya ngohlobo lokwephuka, kungabekwa ukhonkolo noma i-resin ukukhubaza iminwe.

Izidakamizwa zokwelapha. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholwe, izidakamizwa ezithile zingase zibekwe ukulawula noma ukuqinisa izicubu zamathambo, noma zivumele ukuwohloka kwe-nerve.

Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholakele, ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezithile zokuphuka.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuze kugcinwe futhi kuhlolwe izimpawu zezinzwa nezemoto ezibonwa yisiguli eminwe.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kuvame ukwengezwa nge-x-ray. Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bazosebenzisa i-MRI, noma i-CT scan, ukuze bahlole futhi babone izilonda. I-scintigraphy noma i-bone densitometry nayo ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ama-pathologies amathambo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Electrophysiological. I-electromyogram yenza sikwazi ukutadisha umsebenzi kagesi wezinzwa futhi sikhombe izilonda ezingaba khona.

Uphawu lweminwe. Izimpawu eziningi zikhona eduze kweminwe. Ngokwesibonelo, umunwe wesine ubizwa ngokuthi “indandatho” ngenxa yokusebenzisa lo munwe ukuze ufake indandatho yomshado kwezinye izinkolo.