Okuqukethwe
Kungani iqhawe elicashile, elizicabangela lona, lingenalo ubuhlakani kakhulu futhi lihloniphekile le-Big Bang Theory lithandwa kangaka yiwo wonke umuntu? Mhlawumbe abantu bakhangwa ubuhlakani bakhe, obuvala ngokwengxenye amaphutha amaningi, kusho uprofesa wesayensi yezinto eziphilayo uBill Sullivan. Kuthiwani uma kunethalente elikhanya ngokulinganayo elifihlwe komunye nomunye wethu?
Le ntwasahlobo iqede isizini yokugcina, yeshumi nambili ye-Big Bang Theory edume umhlaba wonke. Futhi, okuyi-atypical ochungechungeni olumayelana nososayensi, sekukhishwe i-spin-off, amahlaya afanayo akhuluma ngobuntwana belinye lamaqhawe anamandla - uSheldon Cooper.
USheldon uzuze izinhliziyo zezethameli, ehluke ngokuphelele kubalingiswa befilimu abakhangayo abajwayelekile. Akanazwelo. Akenzi izimanga. Unesineke futhi akakulungele ukuqonda abanye. Lona i-egoist ethembekile ngesihluku okunzima ukuyibona uzwela kune-Higgs boson. Inhliziyo kaSheldon ibonakala imile njengekheshi ebhilidini ahlala kulo. Uyacasuka futhi uyacasula. Ugqame ngendlela emangalisayo futhi unekhono.
I-charm ethobekile yethalenta
Kungani ababukeli abaningi emhlabeni wonke bemthola ekhanga uSheldon? “Ngenxa yokuthi siyahlanya ngezihlakaniphi,” kusho isazi sezinto eziphilayo nesazi sezomphakathi uBill Sullivan. “Ithalente elikhaliphile yilokho uDkt. Cooper athola umklomelo kaNobel ngobuningi.”
Amakhono okuhlaziya amangalisayo nobuhlakani buka-Sheldon buphakeme ngokunembile ngenxa yokungathuthuki kahle kobuhlakani bemizwa. Kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka, ababukeli abalilahli ithemba lokuthi iqhawe lizothola ukulingana phakathi kokucabanga kanye nekhono lokuzwa. Ezigcawini ezimbalwa zohlelo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu, sibuka ngomoya ophansi njengoba u-Cooper edlula ukucabanga okubandayo futhi kungazelelwe ukhanyiselwa ukuqonda imizwa yabanye abantu.
Empilweni yangempela, ukuhwebelana okufanayo phakathi kwamakhono okuqonda kanye nemizwa kuvamile kuma-savants. Yile ndlela abantu abazalwa ngayo noma abazuziwe (ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yokuhlukumezeka) ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "isiqhingi se-genius". Ingaziveza ngamakhono amangalisayo we-arithmetic noma umculo, ubuciko obuhle, i-cartography.
UBill Sullivan uhlongoza ukuhlola le ndawo ndawonye, ukuqonda imvelo yobuhlakani futhi anqume ukuthi ngamunye wethu unikezwe amakhono engqondo amangalisayo.
Ubuhlakani obufihliwe ekujuleni kobuchopho
Ngo-1988, uDustin Hoffman wadlala indawo yesicoco ku-Rain Man, edlala i-savant ekhaliphile. I-prototype yomlingiswa wakhe, uKim Peak, oteketiswa ngokuthi "KIMputer", wazalwa ngaphandle kwe-corpus callosum - i-plexus yezintambo zezinzwa ezixhuma i-hemispheres yesokudla nesobunxele. UPeak akakwazanga ukukwazi kahle amakhono amaningi emoto, engakwazi ukuzigqokisa noma ukuxubha amazinyo, futhi wayene-IQ ephansi. Kodwa, ngolwazi lwe-encyclopedic ngempela, wayevele asishaye sonke ku-“Ini? Kuphi? Nini?".
UPeak wayenenkumbulo emangalisayo yezithombe: wabamba ngekhanda cishe zonke izincwadi, futhi wafunda okungenani izinkulungwane eziyi-12 zazo ekuphileni kwakhe, futhi wayengaphinda amazwi engoma ayeyizwile kanye kuphela. Ekhanda lale man-navigator kwakugcinwe amabalazwe awo wonke amadolobha amakhulu e-United States.
Amakhono amangalisayo ama-savants angahlukahluka. Eyimpumputhe kusukela azalwa, u-Ellen Boudreau, owesifazane one-autism, angadlala ucezu lomculo ngokungenasici ngemva kokulalela okukodwa nje. Isazi se-Autistic uStephen Wiltshire udweba noma iyiphi indawo esenkumbulweni ngemva kokuyibuka imizuzwana embalwa, imtholele isiteketiso esithi "Live Camera".
Kufanele ukhokhele amandla amakhulu
Singase sibe nomona ngalawa mazwe anamandla, kodwa ngokuvamile afika ngentengo ephezulu kakhulu. Indawo eyodwa yobuchopho ayikwazi ukuthuthuka ngaphandle kokudonsa izinsiza ezibalulekile kwabanye. Ama-savant amaningi ahlangabezana nobunzima obubalulekile ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi, ahluke ezicini eziseduze ne-autistic. Abanye balimele kakhulu ebuchosheni kangangokuthi abakwazi ukuhamba noma ukuzinakekela.
Esinye isibonelo i-savant Daniel Tammlet, i-autistic esebenza kahle eyenza futhi ibukeke njengensizwa evamile kuze kube yilapho iqala ukusho ukuthi i-pi up ezindaweni ezingu-22 ngekhanda noma ikhuluma olunye lwezilimi ezingu-514 azaziyo. Ezinye «izibali eziphilayo», ezifana nesazi sezibalo saseJalimane «wizadi» u-Rutgett Gamm, akubonakali njengama-savants ane-anomalies yobuchopho nhlobo. Isipho se-Gamma cishe sinqunywa ukuguqulwa kofuzo.
Okumangaze kakhulu ngabantu abangazange bagqame impilo yabo yonke baze babonakale bengama-savant ngemuva kokulimala ekhanda. Ososayensi bazi mayelana namacala anjalo angama-30 lapho umuntu ojwayelekile kakhulu ngokuzumayo ethola ithalente elingajwayelekile ngemuva kokungqubuzana, ukushaywa unhlangothi noma umbani. Isipho sabo esisha kungaba inkumbulo yezithombe, umculo, izibalo noma amakhono obuciko.
Kungenzeka yini ukuba ungqondongqondo?
Zonke lezi zindaba zikwenza uzibuze ukuthi yiliphi ithalente elifihliwe elisengqondweni yomuntu ngamunye wethu. Kwenzekani uma ekhululwa? Ngabe sizorep njengoKanye West, noma sizothola ipulasitiki kaMichael Jackson? Ingabe sizoba amaLobachevskys amasha ezibalo, noma sizoba odumile kwezobuciko, njengoSalvador Dali?
Okunye okuthakazelisayo ubuhlobo obumangalisayo phakathi kokuvela kwamakhono obuciko kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinye izinhlobo zokuwohloka komqondo - ikakhulukazi, isifo i-Alzheimer's. Ukuba nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni komqondo kwezinga eliphakeme, isifo se-neurodegenerative ngezinye izikhathi sibangela ithalente elingavamile ekupendeni nasekudwebeni.
Okunye ukufana phakathi kokuvela kwesipho esisha sobuciko kubantu abanesifo i-Alzheimer's kanye nama-savants ukuthi ukubonakaliswa kwethalente labo kuhlanganiswe nokuba buthaka noma ukulahlekelwa kwamakhono omphakathi kanye nokukhuluma. Ukubhekwa kwezimo ezinjalo kwaholela ososayensi esiphethweni sokuthi ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zobuchopho ezihlobene nokucabanga kokuhlaziya kanye nenkulumo kukhipha amakhono okudala acashile.
Sisekude nokuqonda ukuthi ingabe ikhona ngempela iNdoda Yemvula kulowo nalowo kithi nokuthi ingamkhulula kanjani.
Isazi sezinzwa u-Allan Schneider waseNyuvesi yaseSydney usebenza ngendlela engangeneleli "yokuthulisa" okwesikhashana izingxenye ezithile zobuchopho esebenzisa ugesi oqondisiwe ngama-electrode abekwe ekhanda. Ngemva kokwenza buthaka ababambiqhaza ekuhlolweni, umsebenzi wezindawo ezifanayo ezibhujiswa isifo i-Alzheimer's, abantu babonise imiphumela engcono kakhulu ekuxazululeni imisebenzi yokucabanga kokudala nokungajwayelekile.
“Sisekude nokuqonda ukuthi ngabe ikhona ngempela yini iRain Man encane komunye nomunye wethu nokuthi ingamkhulula kanjani ekuthunjweni,” kuphetha uSullivan. “Kodwa uma kubhekwa inani elimba eqolo ukuze ngikhokhele lawa makhono amangalisayo, ngeke ngiphuphe ngokuba umuntu ohlakaniphile njengamanje.”
Mayelana Nombhali: UBill Sullivan unguprofesa wesayensi yezinto eziphilayo kanye nombhali othengisa kakhulu we- Nice to Know Yourself! Izakhi zofuzo, amagciwane, namandla amangalisayo asenza sibe yilokho esiyikho.”