Abaphazamisi be-Endocrine: bacasha kuphi?

Abaphazamisi be-Endocrine: bacasha kuphi?

I-Endocrine disruptor: kuyini?

Iziphazamisi ze-Endocrine zihlanganisa umndeni omkhulu wezinhlanganisela, imvelaphi yemvelo noma yokwenziwa, ekwazi ukusebenzisana nesistimu ye-hormonal. Ukuzihlukanisa, incazelo yeNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba Ka-2002 iyavumelana: “Into engase ibe isiphazamisi se-endocrine ingxubevange yangaphandle, enezinto ezikwazi ukubangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine entweni ephilayo, enzalweni yayo. noma phakathi kwabantu abancane. “

Uhlelo lwe-hormone yomuntu lwakhiwe izindlala ze-endocrine: i-hypothalamus, i-pituitary, i-thyroid, ama-ovaries, ama-testes, njll. Lawa ma-hormone e-secrete, "izithunywa zamakhemikhali" ezilawula imisebenzi eminingi yokuphila komzimba womzimba: i-metabolism, imisebenzi yokuzala, isimiso sezinzwa, njll. Ngakho-ke abaphazamisi be-endocrine baphazamisa izindlala ze-endocrine futhi baphazamise isimiso samahomoni.

Uma ucwaningo lukhombisa ukwanda kwemiphumela elimazayo yenhlanganisela eminingi ephazamisa uhlelo lwe-endocrine empilweni nasendaweni ezungezile, ambalwa kuwo afakazele ngokusemthethweni “njengabaphazamisi be-endocrine” kuze kube manje. Kodwa-ke, abaningi kusolwa ukuthi benza lolu hlobo lomsebenzi.

Futhi ngesizathu esihle, ubuthi benhlanganisela ngokuphazanyiswa kohlelo lwe-endocrine buncike kumingcele ehlukahlukene:

  • Imithamo yokuchayeka: eqinile, ebuthakathaka, engapheli;

  • Imiphumela ye-Transgenerational: ingozi yezempilo ingase ingakhathaleli kuphela umuntu oveziwe, kodwa nenzalo yakhe;

  • Imiphumela ye-cocktail: isamba sezinhlanganisela eziningana ngemithamo ephansi - ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kwengozi lapho ihlukanisiwe - ingabangela imiphumela eyingozi.

    • Izindlela zokusebenza zabaphazamisi be-endocrine

    Zonke izindlela zokwenza zabaphazamisi be-endocrine ziseyindaba yocwaningo oluningi. Kodwa izindlela ezaziwayo zokwenza, ezihluka ngokuya ngemikhiqizo ecatshangelwayo, zifaka:

    • Ukuguqulwa kokukhiqizwa kwamahomoni emvelo - i-estrogen, i-testosterone - ngokuphazamisa izindlela zabo zokuhlanganisa, ukuthutha, noma ukukhipha;

  • Ilingisa isenzo samahomoni emvelo ngokuwafaka esikhundleni sezinqubo zebhayoloji azilawulayo. Lona umphumela we-agonist: lokhu kunjalo nge-Bisphenol A;

  • Ukuvimbela isenzo samahomoni emvelo ngokuzinamathisela kuma-receptors avame ukusebenzisana nawo futhi ngokuvimbela ukudluliswa kwesignali ye-hormonal - umphumela ophikisayo.

    • Imithombo yokuchayeka kubaphazamisi be-endocrine

    Kunemithombo eminingi yokuchayeka kubaphazamisi be-endocrine.

    Amakhemikhali kanye nemikhiqizo yezimboni

    Umthombo wokuqala, obanzi kakhulu uphathelene namakhemikhali kanye nemikhiqizo yezimboni. Imikhiqizo engaphezu kwenkulungwane, yamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, ibaliwe. Phakathi kwezinto ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

    • I-Bisphenol A (BPA), idliwe ngoba ikhona ekudleni nakumapulasitiki angewona awokudla: amabhodlela ezemidlalo, izinhlanganisela zamazinyo nama-sealant amazinyo, iziqukathi zamathoyizi amanzi, amathoyizi ezingane, ama-CD nama-DVD, amalensi wamehlo, amathuluzi ezokwelapha, izitsha , iziqukathi zepulasitiki. , amathini namathini e-aluminium. Ngo-2018, i-European Commission yabeka umkhawulo othize wokufuduka we-BPA kuma-milligrams angu-0,6 ngekhilogremu yokudla. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuvinjelwe futhi emabhodleleni ezingane;

  • I-Phthalates, iqoqo lamakhemikhali ezimbonini asetshenziselwa ukwenza amapulasitiki aqinile njenge-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) asebenziseke kalula noma aguquke kalula: amakhethini eshawa, amanye amathoyizi, imbobo ye-vinyl, izikhwama zesikhumba mbumbulu nezingubo, i-biomedicals, isitayela semikhiqizo, ukunakekelwa kanye nemikhiqizo yezimonyo namakha. E-France, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kunqatshelwe kusukela ngoMeyi 3, 2011;

  • Ama-Dioxins: inyama, imikhiqizo yobisi, inhlanzi nezilwane zasolwandle;

  • AmaFuran, ingqamuzana elincane elakheka ngesikhathi sokushisisa ukudla, njengokupheka noma ukuvala inzalo: amathini ensimbi, izimbiza zengilazi, ukudla okufakwe vacuum, ikhofi eligazingiwe, izimbiza zezingane…;

  • I-Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ebangelwa ukushiswa okungaphelele kwezinto eziphilayo ezifana nokubasa, izinkuni, ugwayi: umoya, amanzi, ukudla;

  • Ama-Parabens, ama-preservatives asetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eminingi: izidakamizwa, izimonyo, imikhiqizo yenhlanzeko kanye nemboni yokudla;

  • I-Organochlorines (i-DDT, i-chlordecone, njll.) esetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yokuvikela izitshalo: ama-fungicides, izibulala-zinambuzane, izibulala-khula, njll.;

  • I-butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA) ne-butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), izithasiselo zokudla ezimelene ne-oxidation: okhilimu, izinto zokuthambisa, okothambisa, okokugcoba izindebe nezinti, amapensela nezithunzi zamehlo, ukupakishwa kokudla, okusanhlamvu, ushingamu, inyama, imajarini, isobho nokunye ukudla okungenamanzi;

  • Ama-alkylphenols: opende, okokuhlanza, izibulala-zinambuzane, amapayipi amanzi e-PVC, imikhiqizo yokufaka imibala yezinwele, izinto zokuthambisa zangemuva kokushefa, izinto zokusula alahlwayo, okhilimu bokushefa, izibulala-zinambuzane…;

  • I-Cadmium, i-carcinogen ehilelekile kumdlavuza wamaphaphu: amapulasitiki, ama-ceramics nezingilazi ezinemibala, amaseli e-nickel-cadmium namabhethri, amakhophi, i-PVC, izibulala-zinambuzane, ugwayi, amanzi okuphuza kanye nezingxenye zesifunda se-electronic; kodwa nasekudleni okuthile: isoya, ukudla kwasolwandle, amakinati, imbewu kabhekilanga, okusanhlamvu okuthile nobisi lwenkomo.

  • Izinqamuleli ze-brominated flame kanye ne-mercury: izindwangu ezithile, ifenisha, omatilasi, imikhiqizo kagesi, izimoto, ama-thermometers, amalambu okukhanya, amabhethri, okhilimu abathile abakhanyisa isikhumba, okhilimu ababulala amagciwane, amaconsi amehlo, njll.;

  • I-Triclosan, i-antibacterial esetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi, i-antifungal, i-antiviral, i-anti-tartar kanye ne-preservative, etholakala emikhiqizweni eminingi efana ne: insipho, umuthi wokuxubha, usizo lokuqala kanye nemikhiqizo yezinduna, izimonyo, okhilimu bokushefa, izinto zokuthambisa ezithambisayo, izinto zokususa izimonyo, iziqedaphunga, ishawa. amakhethini, izipontshi zasekhishini, amathoyizi, izingubo zezemidlalo kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zamapulasitiki;

  • Umthofu: amabhethri emoto, amapayipi, amashethi ekhebula, okokusebenza kwe-elekthronikhi, upende kumathoyizi athile, ombala, i-PVC, ubucwebe nezingilazi zekristalu;

  • Ithini nezinto eziphuma kulo, ezisetshenziswa kuzincibilikisi;

  • I-Teflon nezinye izinhlanganisela ezine-perfluorinated (PFCs): okhilimu bomzimba abathile, imithi yokwelapha okhaphethi nezindwangu, ukupakisha ukudla nezitsha zokupheka, ezemidlalo nemishini yezokwelapha, izingubo ezingangeni manzi, njll.;

  • Futhi okuningi okuningi

    • Amahomoni emvelo noma okwenziwa

    Umthombo wesibili omkhulu wokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine amahomoni emvelo - i-estrogen, i-testosterone, i-progesterone, njll - noma ukuhlanganiswa. Ukuvimbela inzalo, ukushintshwa kwamahomoni, ukwelashwa ngamahomoni… Imikhiqizo yokwenziwa elingisa imiphumela yamahomoni emvelo ivame ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, lawa ma-hormone ajoyina imvelo ngemfucuza yomuntu noma yezilwane yemvelo.

    E-France, i-National Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES) ithembise ukushicilela ngo-2021 uhlu lwabo bonke abaphazamisi be-endocrine…

    Imiphumela kanye nezingozi zokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine

    Imiphumela engaba khona emzimbeni, eqondene nesiphazamisi ngasinye se-endocrine, miningi:

    • Ukonakala kwemisebenzi yokuzala;

  • Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezitho zokuzala;

  • Ukuphazanyiswa komsebenzi we-thyroid, ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yezinzwa nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo;

  • Ukushintsha isilinganiso sobulili;

  • Diabetes;

  • Ukukhuluphala kanye nokuphazamiseka kwamathumbu;

  • Umdlavuza oncike ku-Hormone: ukuthuthukiswa kwezimila ezicutshini ezikhiqiza noma eziqondise amahomoni - indlala yegilo, ibele, amasende, i-prostate, isibeletho, njll.;

  • Futhi okuningi okuningi

    • Umbukiso ku-utero kungaba nemiphumela emibi impilo yonke:

    • Ekwakhekeni kobuchopho nokusebenza kwengqondo;

  • Ekuqaleni kokuthomba;

  • Ekulawuleni isisindo;

  • Futhi emisebenzini yokuzala.

    • Abaphazamisi be-Endocrine kanye ne-Covid-19

    Ngemuva kocwaningo lokuqala lwaseDenmark olugqamisa indima yomuntu ofakwe i-perfluorinated ebunzimeni be-Covid-19, okwesibili kuqinisekisa ukubandakanyeka kwabaphazamisi be-endocrine ebunzimeni balolu bhubhane. Ishicilelwe ngo-Okthoba 2020 yiqembu le-Inserm eholwa uKarine Audouze, iveza ukuthi ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali aphazamisa uhlelo lwe-endocrine kungase kuphazamise izimpawu ezihlukahlukene zebhayoloji emzimbeni womuntu ezidlala indima ebalulekile ebukhulwini besifo. I-covid19.

    Iziphazamiso ze-Endocrine: ungazinqanda kanjani?

    Uma kubonakala kunzima ukubalekela iziphazamisi ze-endocrine, imikhuba emihle embalwa ingasiza ukuvikela ngokumelene nabo ngisho nakancane:

    • Amapulasitiki athandwayo abhekwa njengaphephile: I-Polyethylene Ephakeme Kakhulu Noma I-Polyethylene Ephakeme Kakhulu (HDPE), I-Low Density Polyethylene Noma I-Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), i-Polypropylene (PP);

  • Vimbela amapulasitiki aqukethe iziphazamisi ze-endocrine obungozi babo bufakazelwe: I-Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), i-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC);

  • Gwema amapulasitiki anama-pictograms: 3 PVC, 6 PS kanye ne-7 PC ngenxa yokwanda kokulimaza kwabo ngaphansi komphumela wokushisa;

  • Vimbela amapani e-Teflon futhi uthanda insimbi engagqwali;

  • Sebenzisa izitsha zengilazi noma ze-ceramic kuhhavini ye-microwave kanye nokugcina;

  • Geza izithelo nemifino ukuze ususe izibulala-zinambuzane eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi uthande imikhiqizo yokulima okuphilayo;

  • Gwema izithasiselo E214-219 (parabens) kanye E320 (BHA);

  • Funda ngokucophelela amalebula emikhiqizo yenhlanzeko neyobuhle, thanda amalebula ezinto eziphilayo futhi uvimbele lawo aqukethe lezi zinhlanganisela ezilandelayo: Butylparaben, propylparaben, sodium butylparaben, sodium propylparaben, potassium butylparaben, potassium propylparaben, BHA, BHT, Cyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, cyclomexiconate, cycloneethorhenate, I-Benzophenone-1, i-benzophenone-3, i-Triclosan, njll.;

  • Susa ama-pesticides (ama-fungicides, ama-herbicides, ama-insecticides, njll.);

  • Futhi okuningi okuningi

    • shiya impendulo