Incwadi yakhe yokunakekela izingane yabhalwa ngo-1943, futhi amashumi eminyaka amaningi yasiza abazali abasebasha ukukhulisa izingane. Kodwa, njengoba udokotela wezingane ngokwakhe eshilo, imibono mayelana nokukhuliswa nokuthuthukiswa kwezingane iyashintsha, nakuba ingasheshi kakhulu. Qhathanisa?
Ngesinye isikhathi, uBenjamin Spock wenza umsindo omkhulu ngokushicilelwa komhlahlandlela wezokwelapha "Ingane Nokunakekelwa Kwakhe". Umsindo ngomqondo omuhle wegama. Okokuqala, ngalezo zinsuku, ukwaziswa kwakumpofu, futhi kubazali abaningi abasebasha, lencwadi yayiyinsindiso yangempela. Okwesibili, ngaphambi kuka-Spock, i-pedagogy yayinombono wokuthi izingane kufanele zikhuliswe ngokoqobo kusukela embelekweni ngomoya ocishe ube yi-Spartan: isiyalo (ukondla izikhathi ezi-5 futhi ngesikhathi esimisiwe, ungathathi ngokungadingekile), ukuqina (akukho ububele kanye uthando), ukunemba (kufanele ukwazi, ukwazi, ukwenza, njll.). Futhi uDkt. Spock wavele wajula ekuhlaziyeni kwengqondo yezingane futhi weluleka abazali ukuthi bathande nje izingane zabo futhi balandele lokho okufunwa yizinhliziyo zabo.
Khona-ke, cishe eminyakeni engu-80 edlule, umphakathi wamukela inqubomgomo entsha yemfundo ngokuqubuka, futhi yasakazeka ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa uma, sekukonke, ungeke ukwazi ukuphikisana nodokotela wezingane waseMelika - lowo, uma kungeyena umama nobaba, abazi kangcono kunengane yabo, kusho ukuthi uSpock unabaphikisi abashisekayo kwezokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ezinye zezeluleko zakhe seziphelelwe yisikhathi ngempela. Kodwa baningi abasabalulekile. Saqoqa lezo nezinye.
Umntwana udinga indawo yokulala
“Ingane esanda kuzalwa ibaluleke kakhulu kunobuhle. Emasontweni okuqala, kuzofanela kokubili imbeleko, kanye nobhasikidi, noma ngisho nebhokisi noma idrowa elivela kumgqoko. ”
Uma umntwana ebukeka emuhle kubhasikidi we-wicker-cradle emasontweni okuqala okuphila, khona-ke ebhokisini noma ibhokisi, ukukubeka kancane, uDkt. Spock wajabula. Ukunethezeka okungabazekayo kuzophumela kusana olusanda kuzalwa. Emhlabeni wanamuhla, ama-cradles namacansi akuso sonke isikhwama semali nokunambitha, futhi akekho ongacabanga ukufaka ingane yakhe osekunesikhathi elindelwe ekhabetheni elisuka ku-dresser. Nakuba esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, odokotela bezingane bathi ngokokuqala ngqá umbhede ongcono kakhulu wengane wawuyibhokisi ngempela. Ngokwesibonelo, eFinland, banikeza ibhokisi elinemali ezibhedlela zokubeletha futhi bayelulekwa ukuba bafake umntwana kulo.
“Uma ukhulelwe cabanga ukuthenga umshini wokuwasha. Ngale ndlela wonga isikhathi nomzamo. Akukubi ukuthola abanye abasizi bemishini endlini. “
Ukusho okwengeziwe, manje sekunzima ukuthola izindlu ngaphandle kwemishini yokuwasha. Eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngu-80 edlule le ncwadi ishicilelwe, umndeni wonke usuthuthuke kakhulu kangangokuthi uDkt. , abenzi beyogathi, izifudumezi zobisi ngisho namaphampu amabele.
“Kutuswa ukuba kube nama-thermometer amathathu: okukala izinga lokushisa lomzimba wengane, izinga lokushisa lamanzi okugeza nokushisa kwegumbi; uboya bekotini, lapho usonta khona i-flagella; ibhakede elingenasici elinesivalo samanabukeni “.
Iminyaka eminingi, odokotela baye batusa ukukalwa kwendololwane lokushisa kwamanzi, okuyindlela enokwethenjelwa futhi esheshayo. Siphinde sayeka ukusonta iVata, imboni yenza kangcono kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukugibela ezindlebeni ezithambile zomntwana nge-flagella yekotini noma izinti. Amabhakede anesivalo ashintshwe ngempumelelo kwafakwa amawasha. Futhi lapho ogogo nomama bethu basebenzise ngempela amabhakede ane-enameled, ama-diapers abilisiwe amahora amaningi, afafazwe ngensipho yengane egayiwe.
“Amahembe kufanele abe made. Thenga ngokushesha usayizi ngobudala onyakeni ongu-1. ”
Manje konke kulula kakhulu: noma ubani ofuna, futhi ubeka ingane yakhe. Ngesinye isikhathi, odokotela bezingane baseSoviet batusa izingane ukuba zibophe ngokuqinile ukuze zingasatshiswa ukunyakaza kwazo kwe-reflex. Omama besimanje sebevele besesibhedlela begqoke amasudi ezingane namasokisi, ngokuvamile begwema ukuswayisha. Kodwa ngisho nangekhulu leminyaka elidlule, iseluleko sibonakala singabazeki - emva kwakho konke, ngonyaka wokuqala, umntwana ukhula ngokwesilinganiso ngamasentimitha angu-25, futhi i-vest enkulu ayikhululekile futhi ilula.
“Lezo zingane ezingazange ziphume ngo-3 wokuqala wenyanga cishe zizokonakala kancane. Uma sekuyisikhathi sokuba ingane ilale, ungamtshela ngokumomotheka, kodwa ngokuqinile ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuba alale. Sengikushilo lokho, hamba, noma ememeza imizuzu embalwa. ”
Ngokuqinisekile, abazali abaningi benza kanjalo, bese bejwayela ingane embhedeni. Kodwa iningi labo liqondiswa umqondo ovamile, abavumeli umntwana osanda kuzalwa ukuba amemeze, bawunyakazise ezingalweni zabo, bagone, bathathe ingane embhedeni wabo. Futhi iseluleko mayelana "nokuvumela ingane ukuba ikhale" sibhekwa njengesinye esinonya kakhulu.
“Kuyancomeka ukufundisa ingane kusukela izalwa ukulala ngesisu, uma kungenankinga. Kamuva, lapho efunda ukuginqika, uzokwazi ukushintsha isikhundla sakhe. ”
Udokotela wayeqiniseka ukuthi izingane eziningi zizizwa zikhululeke kakhudlwana lapho zilala ngezisu. Futhi ukulala ngomhlane kuyingozi empilweni (uma ingane ihlanzwa, ingase iminyanise). Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, kwavela izifundo zezokwelapha zento eyingozi njengesifo sokufa kwezinsana okungazelelwe, futhi kwavela ukuthi uSpock wayenephutha kakhulu. Isikhundla nje somntwana esiswini sigcwele imiphumela engenakuhlehliswa.
"Isikhathi sokuqala ingane igcotshwa ebeleni cishe amahora angu-18 izelwe."
Kulokhu, imibono yodokotela bezingane baseRussia ihlukile. Ukuzalwa ngakunye kwenzeka ngakunye, futhi izici eziningi zithinta isikhathi sokunamathiselwe kwebele lokuqala. Ngokuvamile bazama ukunikeza umntwana kunina ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa kwakhe, lokhu kusiza ingane ukuba inciphise imiphumela yokucindezeleka kokuzalwa, futhi unina - ukulungisa ukukhiqizwa kobisi. Kukholakala ukuthi i-colostrum yokuqala isiza ukwakha amasosha omzimba kanye nokuvikela ekungangeni komzimba okuthile. Kodwa ezibhedlela eziningi zokubeletha zaseRussia kunconywa ukuthi uqale ukondla umntwana osanda kuzalwa kuphela ngemva kwamahora angu-6-12.
“Imenyu kamama oncelisayo kufanele ihlanganise noma yikuphi ukudla okulandelayo: amawolintshi, utamatisi, iklabishi elisha, noma amajikijolo.”
Manje ezindabeni zokondla nokunakekela ingane, omama banenkululeko enkulu. Kodwa eRussia, imikhiqizo eqanjwe igama ayifakiwe kumenyu yabesifazane ezikhungweni zezempilo ezisemthethweni. Izithelo ezisawolintshi namajikijolo - izinto ezingezwani nezinamandla, imifino emisha nezithelo zinomthelela enqubweni yokuvutshelwa emzimbeni, hhayi kumama kuphela, kodwa nengane ngobisi lukamama (inqobo nje uma ingane encela ibele). Phela, uDkt. Spock weluleka izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ukuba ziqalise ukudla kwezinsana, ziqale ngemikhiqizo “enolaka”. Ngokwesibonelo, ijusi orange. Futhi kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-2-6, ingane, ngokusho kukaBenjamin Spock, kufanele inambithe inyama nesibindi. Izazi zokudla zaseRussia zikholelwa ngendlela ehlukile: hhayi ngaphambi kwezinyanga ezingu-8, amathumbu angavuthwanga osana akakwazi ukugaya izitsha zenyama, ngakho-ke, ukuze ungenzi lutho olulimazayo, kungcono ukungasheshi ngenyama yokudoba. Futhi kunconywa ukuthi ulinde namajusi unyaka wonke, awasebenzi kangako.
“Ubisi luqondile enkomeni. Kufanele ibiliswe imizuzu emi-5. ”
Manje, cishe, akekho udokotela wezingane emhlabeni ozokweluleka ukondla usana olusanda kuzalwa ngobisi lwenkomo, ngisho noshukela. Futhi uSpock weluleka. Mhlawumbe ngesikhathi sakhe kwakukhona ukungezwani okuncane futhi kwakukhona ucwaningo oluncane lwesayensi mayelana nezingozi zobisi lwenkomo oluphelele emzimbeni wengane. Manje ubisi lwebele kuphela noma ifomula yobisi evunyelwe. Kumele kushiwo ukuthi iseluleko sikaSpock mayelana nokudla manje yisona esigxekwa kakhulu.
“Ushukela ojwayelekile, ushukela onsundu, isiraphu yommbila, ingxube ye-dextrin noshukela wesoda, i-lactose. Udokotela uzoncoma uhlobo lukashukela acabanga ukuthi lulungele ingane yakho. ”
Izazi zezokudla zanamuhla ezivela kule thesis ziyethusa. Awukho ushukela! I-glucose yemvelo itholakala obisini lwebele, ingxube yobisi eguquliwe, i-puree yezithelo. Futhi lokhu kwanele enganeni. Sizophatha ngandlela thile ngaphandle kwesiraphu yommbila nengxube ye-dextrin.
“Ingane enesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-4,5 kg futhi idla ngokujwayelekile emini ayidingi ukuphakelwa ebusuku.”
Namuhla odokotela bezingane banombono ophambene. Ukondla ebusuku okukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwehomoni ye-prolactin, eyenza ukuncelisa ibele kwenzeke. Ngokwezincomo ze-WHO ukondla umntwana udinga ngesicelo sakhe, kaningi njengoba efuna.
“Angikukhuthazi ukujeziswa ngokomzimba, kodwa ngikholelwa ukuthi akuyingozi njengokucasuka isikhathi eside. Ukushaya ingane, uzohola umphefumulo, futhi konke kuzowela endaweni. ”
Isikhathi eside, ukujeziswa kwezingane ngenxa yecala kwakungalahlwa emphakathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka adlule eRussia ngisho nothisha wayengajezisa abafundi bakhe ngezinduku. Manje kunenkolelo yokuthi izingane azikwazi ukushaywa. Ungalokothi. Nakuba kusekuningi ukungqubuzana ngalolu daba.
“Ingabe amahlaya, izinhlelo ze-TV namabhayisikobho anesandla ekwandeni kwamahlongandlebe ezingane?” Ngeke ngikhathazeke ngengane eneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala elinganiselayo ebuka ifilimu ye-cowboy ku-TV. ”
Sizizwa singenangqondo futhi sisaba ukwesaba abazali ababephila phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kodwa empeleni le nkinga ibalulekile. Ukugeleza kokwaziswa okuyingozi engqondweni yengane, izingane zesikole zesimanje ezikwaziyo ukufinyelela kukho, kukhulu kakhulu. Futhi ukuthi lokhu kuzosithinta kanjani isizukulwane akukaziwa. UDkt. Spock wayenalo mbono: “Uma ingane ikwazi kahle ukulungiselela umsebenzi wesikole, ichitha isikhathi esanele ingaphandle, nabangane, idle futhi ilale ngesikhathi futhi uma izinhlelo ezithusayo zingamesabi, ngiyomvumela ukuba abukele izinhlelo ze-TV futhi alale kahle. lalela umsakazo ngendlela ofuna ngayo. Bengingeke ngimsole ngakho noma ngimthethise. Lokhu ngeke kumenze ayeke ukuthanda izinhlelo zethelevishini nezomsakazo, kodwa okuphambene nalokho. ” Futhi ngezinye izindlela uqinisile: isithelo esenqatshelwe simnandi.
Iqhubeka nezeluleko zamanje zikaDkt. Spock ekhasini elilandelayo.
“Ungesabi ukukuthanda nokukujabulela. Kubalulekile ukuba yonke ingane itotozwe, iyimoyizele, ikhulume futhi idlale nayo, imthande futhi ibe mnene kuyo. Ingane engenalo uthando nothando ikhula isibanda futhi ingasabeli. ”
Emphakathini wanamuhla, lokhu kubonakala kungokwemvelo kangangokuthi kunzima ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi yini ebingase ibe ngenye indlela. Kodwa izikhathi zazihlukile, kwakunezindlela eziningi ezahlukene zokukhulisa izingane kanye ne-austerity futhi.
“Thanda ingane yakho njengoba injalo futhi ukhohlwe yizimfanelo engenazo. Ingane ethandwa futhi ehlonishwayo njengoba ikhula ikhula ibe umuntu oqinisekayo ngamakhono ayo nothanda ukuphila. ”
Kubonakala sengathi i-thesis ecacile. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, abazali abambalwa abamkhumbulayo, benikeza ingane kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezikole ezithuthukayo, befuna imiphumela futhi babeke imibono yabo mayelana nemfundo nendlela yokuphila. Lokhu kuyize ngempela fair kubantu abadala kanye nokuhlolwa izingane. Kodwa u-Spock, owathola imfundo ehlakaniphile futhi wawina i-Olympiad ekugwebeni, ngesinye isikhathi wayefuna ukusho enye into: bheka izidingo zangempela namakhono wengane yakho futhi umsize kulokhu. Zonke izingane, ezikhulayo, ngeke zikwazi ukuba amadiplomate ngomsebenzi ohlakaniphile noma ososayensi bethola imithetho emisha ye-physics, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi babe nokuzethemba nokuvumelana.
“Uma ukhetha ukukhuliswa ngendlela eqinile, ungaguquguquki ngomqondo wokufuna imikhuba emihle, ukulalela okungangabazeki nokunemba. Kodwa ukuqina kuyingozi uma abazali bengenanhlonipho ngezingane zabo futhi behlala benganelisekile ngazo. ”
Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zanamuhla zivame ukukhuluma ngalokhu: into eyinhloko ekukhulisweni ukuhambisana, ukungaguquguquki kanye nesibonelo somuntu siqu.
“Uma kufanele ukhulume ngokuziphatha kwengane, ungakwenzi nabantu ongabazi, ukuze ungayiphoxi ingane.”
“Abanye abantu bazama” ukukhulisa ”ukuzimela enganeni ngokuyibamba yodwa isikhathi eside ekamelweni, ngisho nalapho ikhala ngenxa yokwesaba. Ngicabanga ukuthi izindlela zobudlova azilokothi zilethe imiphumela emihle. ”
“Uma abazali behileleke ngokugcwele enganeni yabo kuphela, bangase bangabi nasithakazelo kulabo abaseduze nabo ngisho nakomunye nomunye. Bakhala ngokuthi babiyelwe ngezindonga ezine ngenxa yengane, nakuba yibona abanecala kulokhu. ”
“Akumangalisi ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi ubaba uke abe nemizwa ehlukene ngomkakhe nengane yakhe. Kodwa indoda kumelwe izikhumbuze ukuthi umkayo unzima kakhulu kunaye. ”
“Umphumela wemfundo awuncikile ezingeni lokuqina noma ubumnene, kodwa emizweni yakho ngengane nasezimisweni zokuphila ozigxilisa kuye.”
“Ingane ayizalwa inamanga. Uma evame ukuqamba amanga, kusho ukuthi kukhona okumcindezela kakhulu. Amanga athi yiwo kanye okumkhathazayo. ”
"Kubalulekile ukufundisa hhayi izingane kuphela, kodwa nabazali bazo."
“Abantu baba abazali hhayi ngoba befuna ukufela ukholo, kodwa ngoba bethanda izingane futhi bebona inyama yabo yenyama yabo. Bathanda nezingane ngoba nasebuntwaneni abazali bazo babezithanda. ”
“Amadoda amaningi akholelwa ukuthi ukunakekela izingane akuwona umsebenzi wabesilisa. Kodwa yini evimbela ukuba ubaba omnene nendoda yangempela ngesikhathi esifanayo? ”
“Usizi lufana nesidakamizwa. Ngisho noma ekuqaleni enganikezi indoda injabulo, eseyijwayele, ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwayo. ”
“Kungcono ukudlala u-15 umzuzu nengane yakho, bese uthi,” Futhi manje ngifunda iphephandaba, “kunokuchitha usuku lonke e-zoo, ngithuka yonke into.