"Phansi nePoland nge-freak kadokotela wesifazane!" udokotela ohlinzayo odumile wakhuluma ngoDkt. Anna Tomaszewicz-Dobrska

Hhayi kuphela abanekhono futhi ohlakaniphe ngokuphawulekayo, kodwa futhi nenkani futhi uzimisele. Wenqaba isicelo esamvulela ithuba lomsebenzi wakhe wamazwe ngamazwe futhi waya eWarsaw esikhundleni sokuya eTokyo. Impilo yakhe yayigcwele ukushintshashintsha okungazelelwe. Iqiniso lokuthi wangenela umsebenzi obusa abesilisa lanqunywa ukuhlangana kwakhe noSultan waseTurkey. Njengamanje ePoland, amaphesenti angu-60. odokotela ngabesifazane, wayengowokuqala.

  1. U-Anna Tomaszewicz wenza isinqumo sokuthi uzoba “umuthi” lapho eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala
  2. Uthole iziqu zezokwelapha eZurich ngokuhlonishwa njengowesifazane wokuqala wasePoland
  3. Ngemva kokubuyela ezweni, akazange avunyelwe ukuzilolonga. Ukuqondana okuthile kwamsiza ekuqashelweni kwediploma yakhe
  4. E-Warsaw, wayesebenzelana ne-gynecology eyinhloko, enendawo yokukhosela kwababelethisi, nababelethisi abaqeqeshiwe.
  5. Wasekela ngenkuthalo ukulwa kwamalungelo alinganayo kwabesifazane, wabhala izihloko, wakhuluma, wayengumgqugquzeli weCongress of Polish Women.
  6. Ungathola eminye imininingwane yakamuva ekhasini lasekhaya le-TvoiLokony

Lapho lowo owayesanda kuphothula eFaculty of Medicine eNyuvesi yaseZurich ebuyela ezweni lakubo ukuyoqala umsebenzi wakhe, udokotela ohlinzayo ovelele, kuze kube namuhla ungumvikeli wezibhedlela eziningi zasePoland, uProf. U-Ludwik Rydygier uthe: "Kude nePoland ngesiphithiphithi sikadokotela wesifazane! Masiqhubeke sidume ngenkazimulo yabesifazane bethu, imbongi ememezela kahle kakhulu ", ehambisana noGabriela Zapolska, ebhekwa njengomunye wabesifazane bokuqala basePoland:" Angifuni odokotela besifazane, abameli noma odokotela bezilwane! Hhayi izwe labafileyo! Ungalahlekelwa isithunzi sakho sowesifazane! ».

Amaphephandaba asePoland abika ngezifundo zakhe eSwitzerland emakhasini okuqala

U-Anna Tomaszewicz wazalwa ngo-1854 eMława, lapho umkhaya wathuthela eŁomża, wabe eseya eWarsaw. Uyise wayeyisikhulu emaphoyiseni ezempi, futhi unina, uJadwiga Kołaczkowska, wayevela emndenini ohloniphekile onesiko elide lokushisekela izwe.

Ngo-1869, u-Anna wathweswa iziqu ngokuhlonishwa eholweni eliphakeme likaNkk. Paszkiewicz eWarsaw. Phakathi nezifundo zakhe wayesenombono wokuthi uzoba udokotela. Ekuqaleni, abazali abazange bamukele izinhlelo zengane eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala, hhayi nje ngenxa yokuziphatha kodwa nezomnotho. Babenezingane eziyisithupha ababezondla. U-Anna kwadingeka akholise uyise isikhathi eside ukuthi enze isinqumo, futhi ingxabano yokugcina yaba ... isiteleka sokulamba. UMnu. Władysław wagcina egobile futhi wavula ibhokisi. Iminyaka emibili, waqasha othisha abazimele ukuze balungiselele indodakazi yakhe izifundo. Bamfundisa izifundo ezingafundiswanga ngeholo - biology, physics, chemistry, French, German and Latin.

Ekugcineni, intombazane eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala yaya eZurich. Ngo-1871, waphumelela izivivinyo zokungena futhi waqala izifundo zakhe.

Owesifazane wokuqala wangeniswa ezifundweni zobudokotela lapho ngo-1864. Owesifazane wasePoland wayengumfundi weshumi nanhlanu. Ngaphambi kwakhe, abesifazane abayisithupha, abesifazane abane baseJalimane, abesifazane ababili abangamaNgisi kanye noyedwa waseMelika bangena kwezokwelapha. Abesifazane abafundela uphiko lwezokwelapha babebizwa ngokuthi odokotela. Abesilisa - abafundisi kanye nozakwabo - babevame ukungabaza ukufaneleka kwabo kulo msebenzi. Kwaba namahlebezi okuthi abesifazane abazongenela odokotela abenzi kahle, kuthe uma kubhaliswa unyaka wokuqala bacelwa isitifiketi sokuziphatha.

Noma kunjalo, amaphephandaba aseWarsaw abika emakhasini okuqala: “Ngo-September 1871, u-Anna Tomaszewiczówna wasuka eWarsaw waya eZurich eyofundela ubudokotela enyuvesi lapho”. Kwakuyinto engakaze ibonwe.

U-Anna waba umfundi onekhono kakhulu. Kusukela onyakeni wesithathu wabamba iqhaza ocwaningweni, kwathi ngonyaka wesihlanu waba umsizi ka-prof. Edward Hitzing, udokotela wezinzwa nodokotela wengqondo. Wacishe wamkhokhela ngokuphila kwakhe lo msizi okhokhelwayo, ngoba phakathi nomsebenzi wakhe wangenwa isifo sofuba, abhekana nakho kanzima.

Ngo-1877 waklonyeliswa ngeziqu zobudokotela kanye nomehluko ngethisisi yakhe enesihloko esithi “Umnikelo ku-physiology of the auditory labyrinth”. Ngokushesha wanikezwa ukuthi anwebe ubusizi bakhe futhi aye eJapane. Nokho, ebuyiselwe ezweni lakubo, u-Anna wenqaba futhi waya eWarsaw.

UDkt. Tomaszewicz washeshe wazisola ngesinqumo sakhe

Ekhaya, abezindaba baveze odokotela besifazane njengabantu ababebudedengu abangenaso isisekelo salo msebenzi. Nozakwabo babemdelela. Ngokushesha ngemva kokubuya kwakhe, wamthathela isinyathelo, phakathi kokunye, uProf. I-Rydygier.

UDkt. Tomaszewicz wanquma ukuthi uzoqeda ukumelana nozakwabo, efakazela ulwazi namakhono akhe. Wafaka isicelo sokwamukelwa eWarsaw Medical Society. Umsebenzi wakhe, owawubhalelwe ijenali yezokwelapha yaseJalimane ehlonishwayo, wawusuvele usemtatsheni wezincwadi womphakathi. Manje usethumele abanye ababili lapho. UMongameli Henryk Hoyer wabahlola kakhulu, ebhala ukuthi lowo ozobhapathizwa "unamakhono amakhulu" kanye "nokujwayelana ngokugcwele nemigomo nezindlela zokwelapha", kodwa akuzange kuqinisekise amanye amalungu omphakathi. Ukungenela kwakhe ukhetho kulahleke ngevoti eliyimfihlo.

U-Aleksander Świętochowski no-Bolesław Prus bamvikele emaphephandabeni. UPrus wabhala: “Sicabanga ukuthi le ngozi iwuphawu olulula lokuzonda izinto ezingavamile, isenzakalo esivame kakhulu emhlabeni kangangokuthi ngisho nondlunkulu bacosha i-canary ngoba iphuzi”.

Ngeshwa, udokotela osemusha akazange avunyelwe ukuqinisekisa idiploma yakhe futhi ngaleyo ndlela uqale ukusebenza kulo msebenzi. I-“Przegląd Lekarski” yabika: “Kuyadabukisa ukuvuma ukuthi uNkosazana T., ekuqaleni nje, uhlangabezana nokungajabulisi emsebenzini wakhe. Wayefuna ukubhala izivivinyo lapha futhi waya kumphathi wesifunda sesayensi, owamthumela kungqongqoshe, futhi ungqongqoshe wenqaba ukwenza kanjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wanikeza izinkonzo zakhe ku-Red Cross Society, kodwa yenqaba isicelo sakhe ”.

I-Red Cross Society ikuthethelele ukwenqaba ukuqasha udokotela ngenxa yokuntula ilungelo lokuzilolonga futhi umbuthano wavalwa.

Bona futhi: USir Frederick Grant Banting – udokotela wamathambo owasindisa impilo yabanesifo sikashukela

Udokotela uzama eSt

Ebona ukuthi imizamo yakhe yokuthola ukuqashelwa ngediploma yakhe yaseSwitzerland eWarsaw ayiphumeleli, uDkt. Tomaszewicz uyalibangisa eSt. Akulula nalapho, ngoba odokotela bethula lezi zimpikiswano ezilandelayo: «abesifazane ngeke babe odokotela ngoba… abanazo izintshebe!".

Nokho, u-Annie wasiza ngengozi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uSultan othile wayevakashele eSt. Petersburg, efuna owesifazane owayezonakekela indlu yabesifazane. Wayenezidingo eziningi ngoba umuntu owayezongenela ukhetho kwakufanele akwazi ukukhuluma kahle, isiJalimane nesiNgisi. UDkt. Tomaszewicz wahlangabezana nazo zonke lezi zimo. Waqashwa, futhi lokhu kwamvumela ukuba aqinisekise idiploma yakhe. Uphumelele izivivinyo enyuvesi yaseSt. Petersburg, ethola ilungelo lokuzilolonga kulo lonke Izwe Lethu.

Ngo-1880, u-Anna ubuyela ePoland futhi waqala umkhuba wakhe eWarsaw ngoJuni. Akahambisani ne-physiology, okwakuyingcweti yakhe. Usebenza ku-Niecała Street, egxile ekwelapheni abesifazane nezingane. Lokhu kukhetha kwakuphoqelelwa kakhulu yizimo, njengoba ambalwa amadoda ayengavuma ukubonisana naye ngaleso sikhathi.

Ngemva konyaka, ukuphila kwakhe siqu kuyashintsha. Ushada nozakwabo - uchwepheshe we-ENT u-Konrad Dobrski, onendodana eyodwa, u-Ignacy.

Ngo-1882, uDkt. Tomaszewicz-Dobrska wabhala enye impumelelo encane yobungcweti. Uqala ukusebenza ekhaya lababelethisayo ku-Prosta Street. Bekungelula ukuthola umsebenzi njengoba kwakumele ehlule izimbangi zakhe zabesilisa. Nokho, wathola ukusekelwa okuqinile kumyeni wakhe, kanye noBolesław Prus no-Aleksander Świętochowski.

I-gynecologist yokuqala yasePoland

Ikhaya lababelethele lapho asebenza khona lasungulwa ngohlelo lukamabhange odumile kanye ne-philanthropist uStanisław Kronenberg. Wabele imali yokuvula izikhungo ezinhlanu ezifanayo ngemuva kokuqubuka kobhubhane lwezifo ezithathelwanayo eWarsaw.

Ukuqala komsebenzi kaDkt. Tomaszewicz-Dobrska kwakunzima kakhulu. Indlu endala eku-Prosta Street yayingenawo amanzi, ingenazindlu zangasese, nezitofu ezindala eziqhekekile zazishunqa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela wenza imithetho yokwelashwa kwe-antiseptic. Wabuye wasungula nemithetho eyisisekelo yenhlanzeko, ayibiza ngokuthi “Izifungo Zobumsulwa”. Bonke abasebenzi bekufanele babalandele ngokuqinile.

Izifungo zokuhlanzeka:
  1. Vumela umsebenzi wakho ungcwelise isifungo sakho sobumsulwa.
  2. Ungabi nazinkolelo ngaphandle kwamagciwane, ungabi nezifiso ngaphandle kokususwa kokungcola, akukho okunye okuhle ngaphandle kobunyumba.
  3. Fungisa umoya wangaleso sikhathi ukuthi ungawuhlambalazi nganoma iyiphi indlela, ikakhulukazi ekuziqhayiseni nokungenalutho mayelana nemikhuhlane, ukudla ngokweqile, ukwesaba, ukuyaluza, ukushaya ubuchopho ngokudla, nanoma yikuphi okunye ukuhlubuka okuphikisana nesimo esithathelwanayo somkhuhlane.
  4. Ezikhathini zaphakade nokulahlwa kwaphakade, amafutha okuqalekisa, isipontshi, irabha, amafutha, nakho konke okuzonda umlilo noma abengazi, ngoba kubangelwa amagciwane.
  5. Qaphela futhi uqaphele ukuthi isitha esingabonakali sicashe yonke indawo, phezu kwabo, kuwe, eduze kwakho, futhi kuwe eduze nokhulelwe, ekusithekeni, odokotela bokubelethisa, amehlo ezingane nezinkaba.
  6. Ungawathinti, ngisho nangokumemeza nokububula kosizo lwakho, uze ugqoke ezimhlophe kusukela ekhanda kuye ezinyaweni, futhi ungazigcobi izandla zakho ezinqunu nezingalo noma imizimba yazo ngensipho eningi, noma amandla okubulala amagciwane.
  7. Ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kokuqala kuyalelwe kuwena, okwesibili kuvunyelwe, okwesithathu makukhululwe, okwesine kuthethelelwe, okwesihlanu kuzobekwa icala kuwe njengecala.
  8. Vumela ama-pulse ahamba kancane namazinga okushisa aphansi kube isihloko esiphezulu senkazimulo yakho.

Usizo lapho lwalumahhala, futhi lwalusetshenziswa abesifazane abampofu kakhulu abahlala eWarsaw. Ngo-1883, izingane ezingu-96 zazalwa kulesi sikhungo, futhi ngo-1910 - kakade 420.

Ngaphansi kokubusa kukaDkt. Tomaszewicz-Dobrska, izinga lokufa kwalabo ababeteta lehla lafinyelela kumaphesenti angu-1, okwavusa ukudumala hhayi kodokotela baseWarsaw kuphela. Ngenxa yemizamo yakhe, ngo-1889 indawo yokukhoseliswa yathuthelwa esakhiweni esisha e-ul. I-Żelazna 55. Lapho, izakhiwo nezimo zokuhlanzeka zazingcono kakhulu, kwakhiwe ngisho namakamelo okuzihlukanisa odokotela ababelethisa abane-febrile. Lapho, ngo-1896, udokotela waba ngowokuqala eWarsaw ukuhlinzwa ngokuhlinzwa.

Ukwengeza, uDkt. Anna uqeqesha abasebenzi nodokotela bokubelethisa. Ufundise ababelethisi abangu-340 nodokotela ababelethisa abangu-23. Ushicilele izindatshana zezokwelapha eziyishumi nambili ezimayelana nezindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa endaweni yakhe, kanye, ngokwesibonelo, nezinga lokuphila lomphakathi wasePoland uma kuqhathaniswa nabaseYurophu.

Izincazelo zakhe ngendawo yokukhosela ziyabenyezela ngokuhlekisa okuncane, njengekhishi eliminyene, elimpofu lapho kuphekwa khona futhi kugezwe khona, nalapho izinceku zilala khona futhi zilinde izivakashi, ubiza ngokuthi “iPantheon, ehlanganisa wonke amahlelo nawo wonke amasiko”.

Udokotela wasebenza kulo msebenzi iminyaka engaba ngu-30, ethola udumo lukadokotela osezingeni eliphezulu, futhi ihhovisi lakhe laligcwele abesifazane abavela kuzo zonke izizinda zokuphila. Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, uDkt. Tomaszewicz-Dobrska ungomunye wodokotela abadume kakhulu enhloko-dolobha, owelapha iziguli ezimpofu mahhala, futhi anikeze nosizo lwezimali. Lapho ngo-1911 kumiswa izibhedlela ezimbili zababelethisayo eWarsaw: iSt. Zofia kanye noFr. U-Anna Mazowiecka, kanye nezindawo zokukhosela zivaliwe, uyenqaba ukuthatha abaphathi besibhedlela, ephakamisa iphini lakhe kulesi sikhundla.

Ngaphezu komsebenzi wakhe wobungcweti, uDkt. Anna wayesebenza e-Warsaw Charity Society (ungumnakekeli wegumbi lokuthunga) kanye ne-Summer Camps for Children Society, futhi ungudokotela endaweni yokukhosela yothisha. Ubhala izindatshana zephephandaba lamasonto onke i-Kultura Polska futhi akhulume ngamalungelo abantu besifazane. Ungabangani no-Eliza Orzeszkowa noMaria Konopnicka. Kusukela eneminyaka engu-52, ubelokhu eyilungu elikhuthele le-Polish Culture Society. Ngo-1907, wabamba iqhaza enhlanganweni yeCongress yokuqala yabesifazane basePoland.

UDkt Anna Tomszewicz-Dobrska ushona ngo-1918 ngenxa yesifo sofuba samaphaphu, asithola ngaphambili kakhulu. Beyazi imibono yakhe, abangani bakhe banquma ukuthi esikhundleni sokuthenga amagoda ezimbali nezimbali, bazosebenzisa imali emkhankasweni othi “Ukuwisa Ubisi”.

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