Udlame lwasekhaya, ubani ongaxhumana naye?

Embikweni walo wangoJulayi 2019, i-Delegation of Assistance to Victims (DAV) yenze obala izibalo zokubulawa kwabashadikazi zonyaka ka-2018. Ngakho-ke izigameko zokubulala ezingu-149 zenzeke phakathi kwabashadile, kuhlanganise nabesifazane abangu-121 namadoda angu-28. Abesifazane bayizisulu eziyinhloko zodlame lwasekhaya: u-78% wezisulu zodlame lwasekhaya oluqoshwe ngamaphoyisa kanye nezinsizakalo zobulili obufanayo ngabesifazane, ngokwezibalo ze-Observatory of Observatory of violence against women.

Ngakho kulinganiselwa ukuthi eFrance njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-2,8, owesifazane uyafa ngokushaywa umlingani wakhe omhlukumezayo. Abesifazane abangama-225 ngonyaka ngokwesilinganiso bayizisulu zodlame olungokomzimba noma locansi olwenziwa ngabalingani babo bangaphambili noma bamanje. Abathathu kwabangu-3 abayizisulu bathi bake baphathwa ngokuphindaphindiwe, kanye nezisulu zesifazane eziyi-8 kweziyi-10 zithi nazo ziye zahlaselwa ngokwengqondo noma zithukwa.

Ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kokubeka izinyathelo ezibambekayo zokuvikela izisulu zodlame lwasekhaya kanye nokubasiza banqamule umbuthano ononya, ngaphambi kokuba kuphuze kakhulu.

Udlame lwasekhaya: ikakhulukazi izimo ezivumayo

Uma udlame phakathi kwabashadile ngeshwa lungenzeka noma nini, ngaphandle kokuba kube khona izimpawu zokuxwayisa, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi izimo ezithile, izimo ezithile, zandisa ingozi yokuba owesifazane ahlaselwe izenzo zobudlova, nokuba indoda yenze izenzo ezinjalo. Nazi ezimbalwa:

• -izingxabano noma ukunganeliseki kwabashadile;
• - ukubusa kwabesilisa emndenini;
• -ukukhulelwa nokufika kwengane;
• -isimemezelo sokuhlukana okuphumelelayo noma ukwehlukana;
• - inyunyana ephoqelelwe;
• -ukuzihlukanisa emphakathini ;
• -ukucindezeleka nezimo ezicindezelayo (izinkinga zomnotho, ukungezwani kwabashadile, njll.);
• - amadoda anabalingani abaningi;
• – igebe lobudala phakathi kwabashadile, ikakhulukazi uma isisulu sikubakaki abancane kunomlingani womshado;
• -umehluko phakathi kwamazinga emfundo, lapho owesifazane efunde kakhulu kunomlingani wakhe wesilisa.

La ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kuphinde kube yingcuphe yodlame lwasekhaya, kutholakele ku-22 kuya ku-55% wabenzi bokubi kanye no-8 kuya ku-25% wezisulu. Kuhlotshaniswa nemiphumela emibi kakhulu yodlame, kodwa ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nezinye izici eziyingozi noma izimo.

Yiziphi izivikelo ezingase zibe izisulu zodlame lwasekhaya?

Uma une ukufaka isikhalazo, izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezisheshayo zingathathwa yijaji lobugebengu, njenge ukuvinjelwa kokuthi umenzi wobubi aye kulowo ohlukunyeziwe, ukuya ezindaweni ezithile, ukufihlwa kwekheli lomuntu ohlukunyeziwe, isibopho sokulandelela umbhali noma ukubekwa kwakhe esitokisini sesikhashana kanye nokunikezwa kocingo lokuvikela, kusho “ifoni ingozi enkulu”, Noma i-TGD.

Ucingo oluyingozi oluyingozi lunokhiye ozinikele, ovumela isisulu ukuba sijoyine, uma kunengozi enkulu, isevisi yosizo ekude ifinyeleleka izinsuku ezingu-7 ngesonto namahora angu-7 ngosuku. Uma isimo sidinga kanjalo, le sevisi ngokushesha yazisa amaphoyisa. Le divayisi iphinde ivumele i-geolocation yomzuzi.

Akwaziwa futhi kusekuncane kakhulu okusetshenzisiwe, olunye uhlelo lungafakwa ngaphambi noma ngemva kokufaka isikhalazo ngobudlova basekhaya. Ikona incwadi yokuvikela, ekhishwe yijaji lenkantolo yomndeni. Isinyathelo esiphuthumayo esivikela kakhulu, umyalelo wokuvikela ungasetshenziswa ngokushesha, njengoba ukubambezeleka kwenqubo kushesha kakhulu (cishe inyanga engu-1). Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukubamba ijaji emacaleni omndeni ngesicelo esilethwe noma esiqondiswe kuRegistry, namakhophi amadokhumenti abonisa ingozi lapho umuntu evezwa khona (izitifiketi zezokwelapha, izincwadi zezandla noma izikhalazo, amakhophi e-SMS, okuqoshiwe, njll.) . Kunezinhlobo zezicelo ku-inthanethi, kodwa umuntu angaphinde asizwe yinhlangano noma ummeli kulokhu.

Kungenzeka futhi, ngesicelo, ukuzuza isikhashana kukho usizo lwezomthetho ukukhokhela izindleko zomthetho nanoma yiziphi izimali zesikhonzi senkantolo nezotolika.

Ijaji lingakwazi-ke, uma kunqunywa umyalelo wokuvikela, lifake inqwaba yezinyathelo zokuvikela isisulu, kodwa nezingane zabashadile uma zikhona. Uzokwazi ukubona futhi imigomo yegunya labazali, umnikelo ezindlekweni zekhaya kanye neqhaza ekunakekeleni nasekufundiseni izingane. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthola ukuvinjelwa kokushiya izwe ngenxa yezingane.

Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nezinyathelo ezibekwe umyalelo wokuvikela kuhlanganisa icala elingagwetshwa iminyaka emibili ejele futhi € 15 inhlawulo. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukufaka isikhalazo uma umhlaseli engahambisani nalezi zinyathelo.

Udlame lwasekhaya: izinhlaka nezinhlangano ongazithinta

Iklanywe kahle, isayithi ye-stop-violences-femmes.gouv.fr ibala zonke izinhlaka nezinhlangano ezikhona e-France ukusiza izisulu zodlame, noma ngabe udlame phakathi kwabashadile noma olunye uhlobo. (ukushaya, udlame lomzimba noma locansi…). Ithuluzi lokusesha likuvumela ukuthi uthole ngokushesha izinhlangano eduze nekhaya lakho. Azikho izinhlaka ezingaphansi kuka-248 eFrance ezibhekene nodlame phakathi kwabashadikazi.

Phakathi kwezinhlaka nezinhlangano ezahlukene ezilwa nokuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane, ikakhulukazi udlame lwasekhaya, singabala ezimbili ezinkulu:

• I-CIDFF

Inethiwekhi kazwelonke Yezikhungo Zolwazi Eziyi-114 Ngamalungelo Abesifazane Nemindeni (CIDFF, eholwa yi-CNIDFF), inikeza ulwazi olukhethekile kanye nezinsizakalo zokweseka kwabesifazane abayizisulu zodlame. Amaqembu ochwepheshe (abameli, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo, osonhlalakahle, abeluleki bomndeni nabashadile, njll.) akhona futhi ukuze asekele abesifazane emizamweni yabo, amaqembu aholayo ezingxoxo, njll. Uhlu lwe-CIDFF eFrance kanye nesizindalwazi jikelele esithi www.infofemmes.com.

• Le FNSF

I-National Federation of Women Solidarity iyinethiwekhi ehlanganisa iminyaka engamashumi amabili, izinhlangano zabesifazane ezibambe iqhaza ekulweni nazo zonke izinhlobo zodlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane, ikakhulukazi lezo ezenzeka phakathi kwabashadile kanye nomndeni. I-FNSF isineminyaka engu-15 ilawula isevisi yokulalela kazwelonke: 3919. Isizindalwazi sayo: solidaritefemmes.org.

• I-Le 3919, Ulwazi Lwezidlakela Lwe-Femmes

3919 inombolo ehloselwe abesifazane abayizisulu zodlame, kanye nalabo ababazungezile kanye nochwepheshe abathintekayo. Inombolo yokulalela kazwelonke futhi engaziwa, efinyelelekayo futhi mahhala kucingo lwasendlini ezwekazini lase-France kanye neminyango yaphesheya kwezilwandle.

Inombolo ithi ivula ngoMsombuluko kuya ngoMgqibelo, ngo-8 ekuseni kuya ku-22 ntambama namaholide omphakathi ngo-10 ekuseni kuya ku-20 ntambama (ngaphandle kukaJanuwari 1, Meyi 1 noDisemba 25). Le nombolo yenza kube nokwenzeka ukulalela, ukunikeza ulwazi, futhi, kuye ngezicelo, ukuqondiswa okufanele mayelana nokusekelwa kwendawo kanye nezinhlelo zokunakekela. Lokho kusho, akuyona inombolo ephuthumayo. Esimeni esiphuthumayo, kuyancomeka ukuthi ushayele u-15 (Samu), 17 (Amaphoyisa), 18 (Abacishamlilo) noma u-112 (inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo yaseYurophu).

Yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe uma uyisisulu sobudlova basekhaya?

Singakwazi, ekuqaleni, futhi uma singekho engozini esheshayo, shayela inombolo ethile, 3919, ezosiqondisa ngokwesimo sethu. Kodwa ezinye izinyathelo kumele zithathwe ukuze kuqedwe udlame: zihlanganisa ukufaka isikhalazo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amaqiniso amadala noma akamuva, amaphoyisa kanye namaphoyisa anesibopho sokubhalisa isikhalazo, ngisho noma isitifiketi sikadokotela singekho. Uma ungafisi ukufaka isikhalo, ungaqala ngokubika udlame ngokwenza isitatimende on handrail (amaphoyisa) noma umbiko wezobunhloli bejaji (i-gendarmerie). Lokhu kuwubufakazi ekushushisweni okulandelayo. Irisidi lesitatimende kufanele linikezwe isisulu, kanye nekhophi egcwele yesitatimende sakhe, uma iceliwe.

Uma ukutholwa kwangaphambili kweisitifiketi sikadokotela sokubhekwa nodokotela ojwayelekile akuphoqelekile ukuthi afake isikhalazo ngodlame lwasekhaya, kuseyinto efiselekayo. Ngempela, isitifiketi sikadokotela sihlanganisa enye yezingxenye zobufakazi udlame oluhlaselwe esimweni sokuqulwa kwecala, noma ngabe isisulu sifaka isikhalazo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva. Ukwengeza, ukuhlolwa kodokotela kungase kuyalwe ngamaphoyisa noma i-gendarmerie njengengxenye yophenyo.

Ijaji lesigebengu alikwazi sho izinyathelo zokuzivikela futhi athathele umenzi wobubi izinyathelo zomthetho kuphela uma umbiko sewenziwe.

Lo mbiko ungenziwa emaphoyiseni noma ku-gendarmerie, noma umshushisi womphakathi ngumhlukunyezwa ngokwakhe, ngofakazi noma umuntu onolwazi ngodlame. Uma unokungabaza noma imibuzo mayelana nezinyathelo okufanele uzithathe, xhumana no-3919, ozokweluleka.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma ubona udlame lwasekhaya?

Uma ubona udlame lwasekhaya eqenjini lakho, noma uma unokungabaza ngecala lodlame lwasekhaya, kubike, isibonelo emaphoyiseni, isevisi yezenhlalakahle yehholo ledolobha lakho, izinhlangano ezisekela izisulu. Ungangabazi ukuphakamisa ukuthi isisulu sihambe naso siyofaka isikhalazo, noma sibatshele ukuthi kukhona ochwepheshe nezinhlangano ezingabasiza futhi abangathululela kubo isifuba. Futhi shayela u-17, ikakhulukazi uma isimo simelela ingozi enkulu futhi esheshayo kulowo ohlukunyeziwe.

Mayelana nesisulu sodlame lwasekhaya, kuyancomeka ukuthi:

• – ungayibuzi indaba yomuntu ohlukunyeziwe, noma wehlise isibopho somhlaseli;
• -gwema ukuba nesimo sengqondo sokuzithela ngabandayo nomhlukumezi, ofuna ukwedlulisa umthwalo wemfanelo kulowo ohlukunyeziwe;
• -sekela isisulu ngemva kweqiniso, futhi beka amagama angempela kulokho okwenzekile (namagama afana nala “Umthetho uyakwenqabela futhi ujezise lezi zenzo namazwi”, “umhlukumezi nguyena kuphela onesibopho”, “Ngingakuphelezela emaphoyiseni”, “Ngingakubhalela ubufakazi lapho ngichaza khona lokho engikubonile/ngikuzwile ”…);
• -hlonipha intando yomuntu ohlukunyeziwe futhi ungamthatheli isinqumo (ngaphandle kwalapho kunengozi enkulu futhi esheshayo);
• -yakhe adlulisele noma yibuphi ubufakazi et ubufakazi obuqinile ukuthi uyafisa yini ukubika amaqiniso emaphoyiseni;
• -uma isisulu singafisi ukufaka isikhalo ngokushesha, shiya imininingwane yakhe yokuxhumana, ukuze azi ukuthi angalubhekaphi usekelo uma eshintsha umqondo (ngoba ukuthatha isinqumo sokufaka isikhalazo kungase kuthathe isikhathi kumuntu ohlukunyeziwe, ikakhulukazi mayelana nodlame olusondelene nophathina kanye nodlame locansi).

Qaphela ukuthi lesi seluleko siyasebenza futhi lapho isisulu sobudlova basekhaya sithulula isifuba kumuntu ongazange alubone ngokuqondile udlame.

Imithombo nolwazi olwengeziwe: 

• https://www.stop-violences-femmes.gouv.fr
• https://www.stop-violences-femmes.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/depliant_violences_web-3.pdf