Zenzele wena ngokwakho ukufudumeza amanzi
Ukunikezwa kwamanzi ayiqhwa ebusika bekulokhu kuyiphupho elibi kubanikazi bezindlu zasehlobo, izindlu ezizimele kanye nezindawo zezwe. Noma iyiphi indlela enokwethenjelwa yokushisisa amanzi kwakuwukufaka kuphela amapayipi ekujuleni okukhulu emhlabathini. Kodwa lapho zivela khona, ingozi ihlala ingokoqobo futhi ingenakugwenywa. Futhi namuhla, izindlela nezindlela zobuchwepheshe ziye zabonakala ziqeda lolu songo. Sikumema ukuthi ujwayelane nabo

Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngendlu yangasese yesimanje ngaphandle kwamanzi agelezayo. Uma uhlela ukuhlala endlini yangasese unyaka wonke, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuyivikela emanzini abandayo embhobho kanye nokuhluleka okungenakugwemeka. 

Imiphumela engaba khona iyona eyinhlekelele kakhulu. Akukubi kangako uma kufanele uphile ngaphandle kwamanzi empompini nasendlini yangasese kuze kube yintwasahlobo. Kubi kakhulu uma entwasahlobo kuvela ukuthi iqhwa elakhiwe liphule ipayipi, futhi ukuze kulungiswe kuyadingeka ukulikhipha emhlabathini bese liyishintsha ngokuphelele. Futhi lokhu kuyizindleko ezinkulu zezinto zokwakha kanye nomsebenzi. Ngakho-ke ishibhile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ingozi yokuqandisa iqedwa kusenesikhathi.

Okubalulekile ukwazi mayelana namapayipi

Ithebula liqukethe izici ezimfushane zezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokushisa amapayipi amanzi.

Indlela Yokushisabuhlebawo
Ikhebula elishisayo elibambayoUkufakwa kalula, intengo ephansi, amamodeli amaningi emakethe.Isidingo sokufaka i-thermostat ukulawula ukushisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okwengeziwe. Akunakwenzeka ukusika usayizi oyifunayo (ikhebula elishisayo lingasetshenziswa kuphela lilonke).
Ikhebula elishisayo elizilawulayoUkusetshenziswa kwamandla okuncane, asikho isidingo sesilawuli sokushisa esiyisibopho.Ubunzima ekufakeni nasekuvaleni amalunga. Ungakwazi ukusika ikhebula kuphela ngokusho kwezimpawu eziku-braid.
UkushisaAkukho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, akukho ukugcinwa okudingekayo, ukufakwa okulula, intengo ephansi.Isebenza kuphela uma ukujula komsele kungaphansi kwezinga lokuqhwa. Izinto ezishibhile azilifaki ipayipi.
Umfutho wegazi ophezuluUgesi usetshenziswa kuphela ukudala ingcindezi yokuqala. Asikho isidingo sokuqapha njalo uhlelo.Kuyadingeka ukufaka imishini eyengeziwe: futha, umamukeli, hlola i-valve. Indlela iphumelela kuphela uma ukufakwa kwamapayipi kusesimweni esihle kakhulu, ekwazi ukubamba ukucindezela okukhulu isikhathi eside.
Indlela yomoyaUbulula bendlela, azikho izindleko ezengeziwe zikagesi.Izindleko ezikhulayo zamapayipi nokufakwa, ukusetshenziswa kuphela lapho ubeka amapayipi amanzi emseleni, akusebenzi ezindaweni ezivulekile.

Kungani udinga ukushisa amapayipi amanzi

Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kwesizini ezindaweni eziningi zeZwe Lethu kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwamapayipi eqhwa emapayipini ngisho nokugqabuka kwamapayipi ngokwawo. Ukuqedwa kwezingozi ezinjalo ebusika kudinga izindleko eziphezulu kanye nokubandakanyeka kwemishini yokunyakazisa umhlaba. Noma kufanele ulinde ihlobo lapho umhlabathi uncibilika. Ukuze ugweme izingozi ezinjalo, kuyadingeka ukubeka amapayipi amanzi, ngokuqondiswa yimiyalelo ye-SP 31.13330.20211, okungukuthi, amamitha angu-0,5 ngaphansi kokushona okuqandisiwe okulinganiselwe uma kulinganiswa kusukela phansi kwepayipi. 

Idokhumenti efanayo iqukethe amathebula of inhlabathi ukujula okomnkantsha kuzo zonke izifunda. Emfanekisweni okhonjiswe lapho, udinga ukwengeza u-0,5 m futhi sizothola ukujula kokubeka ipayipi eliphephile. Kodwa endleleni yepayipi, kungase kube umgwaqo onamadwala noma izakhiwo zekhonkrithi. Khona-ke kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukujula kokwenzeka futhi usebenzise izindlela ezengeziwe zokushisa amapayipi ukuze ugweme ingozi.

Izindlela zokushisa amanzi

Kunezinketho eziningana zokushisa amanzi, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi. Inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe isinikeze indlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu yokuvikela amapayipi emakhazeni.

Ukushisa ngekhebula lokufudumeza

Isimiso sokusebenza kwekhebula lokushisa silula. Amandla kagesi adlula ikhebula aguqulwa abe ukushisa, okugcina izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-0 ° C. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezintambo zokufudumeza:

  • Izintambo eziqinile eyenziwe ngama-alloys aphezulu okumelana afana nezinto zokushisa ezitofini zikagesi. Ikhishiwe okukodwa и ezimbili-core izintambo zokufudumeza eziphikisanayo. 

Okwangaphambili kudinga ukuthungatha isekethe kagesi, okungukuthi, iziphetho zombili kufanele zixhunywe kumthombo wamandla. Lokhu akulula kakhulu ukushisisa amapayipi.

Izintambo ezimbili eziyinhloko zisebenza kakhulu, ukufakwa kwazo kulula. Zombili iziphetho zekhebula akudingeki zibuyele endaweni yokuqala. Iziphetho zomgogodla ngamunye ohlangothini olulodwa zixhunywe kumatheminali omthombo wamandla, ukuphela okuphambene kufushane futhi kuvaliwe ngokucophelela. Isistimu yokushisa esebenzisa intambo yokushisa yokumelana idinga uhlelo lokulawula izinga lokushisa.

  • Ikhebula lokufudumeza elizilawulayo iqukethe i-matrix ye-polymer lapho kubekwa khona izintambo ezimbili ze-conductive. Ukukhishwa kokushisa kwempahla ye-matrix kuyashintsha ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa elizungezile. Lokhu kwenzeka ngamaphuzu, futhi hhayi kubo bonke ubude bekhebula. Lapho izinga lokushisa eliphansi lamanzi epayipi, ikhebula likhipha ukushisa okwengeziwe futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.
Ukukhetha komhleli
I-Thermal suite SHTL
Uchungechunge lwekhebula lokushisisa
Izintambo ezimbili eziqinisiwe zamandla anyukile zilungele ukushisa noma yimaphi amapayipi amanzi, ngisho naseziqhweni ezinzima. Akhiqizwa Ezweni Lethu ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi zamazwe ngamazwe.
Thola izindlekoZonke izinzuzo

Indlela yokukhetha ikhebula lokushisa

Inkomba eyinhloko lapho ukhetha ikhebula lokushisa amandla athile okukhishwa kokushisa. Ngokubeka ngaphakathi kwepayipi, inani okungenani elingu-10 W/m liyanconywa. Uma ikhebula lifakwe ngaphandle, isibalo kufanele siphindwe kabili, okungukuthi, kufika ku-20 W / m. Izintambo ezinamandla kakhulu zokushisa ezinomshini wokushisa we-31 W / m zisetshenziselwa ukushisa amapayipi endle ngobubanzi obuyi-100 mm noma ngaphezulu.

Izintambo eziphikisayo azikwazi ukunqunywa, udinga ukukhetha umkhiqizo onobude obuseduze nobude obudingekayo. Ikhebula elizilawulayo lingasikwa ngokuvumelana namamaki asetshenziswe phezu koqweqwe olungaphezulu lomkhiqizo.

Isici esibalulekile yizindleko zesistimu yokushisa. Ikhebula eliphikisayo lishibhe kakhulu kunelizilawulayo, kodwa i-thermostat enenzwa yokushisa ephansi iyadingeka ekusebenzeni kwayo. Ikhebula elizilawulayo liyabiza kakhulu, kodwa uhlelo lokulawula aludingeki, futhi ukusebenza kunokonga kakhulu.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo yokufaka ikhebula lokushisa

Lapho ufaka ikhebula elishisayo, imithetho elandelayo kufanele igcinwe:

1. Umsebenzi wokufaka ikhebula lokushisa lula kakhulu uma uthenga ikhithi isilungele ukufakwa. Okusho ukuthi, ikhebula selivele lixhunywe ocingweni "elibandayo" ukuxhuma emthonjeni wamandla, futhi ukuphela okuphambene kuvaliwe. Uma kungenjalo, udinga ukuthenga isethi yamatheminali omqhubi we-tubular ukuze uxhume izintambo kanye namashubhu ashwabanisa ukushisa. Kudingeka umkhono okhethekile wokunciphisa ukushisa ukuze kugqunywe isiphetho esisikiwe sekhebula. 

2. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kulo msebenzi qinisekisa ukubekwa uphawu okuthembekile koxhumana nabo. Iziphetho zama-conductor zihlanzwa ku-insulation, amashubhu angashiswa ukushisa afakwa kuwo. Izintambo zixhunywe kusetshenziswa ama-terminal tubular ensimbi, aboshwe nge-pliers, noma okungcono, ngethuluzi elikhethekile. Amashubhu anciphisa ukushisa aphushelwa endaweni ehlanganayo futhi ashiswe ngesomisi sezinwele zokwakha. Ngemva kokuba ziphole futhi ziqine, ikhebula selilungele ukufakwa epayipini lamanzi.

3. Ikhebula elishisayo efakwe epayipini indlela yangaphandle noma yangaphakathi:

  • Ikhebula lingamane lidonswe eduze kwepayipi futhi igxilwe kuyo ngezinsimbi zepulasitiki ezimelana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ezimweni zengozi enkulu yokuqandisa, i-spiral laying isetshenziswa, ikhebula liboshwe eduze kwepayipi nge-pitch ethile. Ukufakwa kwangaphandle, ikhebula elinesigaba esiyisicaba lisetshenziselwa ukuthintana kangcono nepayipi. Nganoma iyiphi indlela yokufaka, ngaphambi kokubeka emseleni, ipayipi, kanye nekhebula, ifakwe i-insulating material, enciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa ngemva kokugcwalisa inhlabathi.
  • Indlela yokukhweza yangaphakathi kusebenza kuphela kumapayipi anobubanzi obungu-40 mm okungenani, ngaphandle kwalokho ukugeleza kwamanzi kuzovinjelwa. Kusetshenziswa izinhlobo zekhebula ezinokuvikela okuthuthukisiwe komswakama. Kunzima kakhulu ukuhlomisa ipayipi elide ngokuphenduka ngokushisa okunjalo, kodwa ezingxenyeni ezincane eziqondile kungenzeka kakhulu. Ikhebula lingena epayipini nge-tee ekhethekile kanye nomkhono wokuvala. Le ndlela yokufaka ibalulekile, uma kunesidingo, ukufudumala ipulaki yeqhwa eyakhiwe engxenyeni engaphansi komhlaba yepayipi lapho kungenakwenzeka ukuvula inhlabathi.

4. Ikhebula lokushisa lixhunywe kunethiwekhi nge-RCD, okungukuthi, idivayisi yamanje esele, noma okungenani ngomshini. Izintambo eziqinile – nge-thermostat.

Ukushisa nge-heater

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwekhebula lokushisa kanye nendlela yokufaka, ipayipi ebekwe phansi kufanele ifakwe insulated. Le mfuneko iyimpoqo ezindaweni lapho ifika khona phezulu, ngisho nasezindlini ezingaphansi, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu endaweni evulekile, isibonelo, ku-standpipe engadini. 

Kulezi zindawo, kuyatuseka ukuthi kufakwe amanzi aphuma emapayipini ane-insulation esevele efakwe efektri. Uma ufaka ipayipi elivamile, ngokusho kwe-SNiP 41-03-20032, ngokubekwa kwayo emhlabathini, ungqimba olunobukhulu obungu-20-30 mm lwanele, kodwa ezindaweni ezingaphezulu komhlaba, ubukhulu obungenani 50 mm buyadingeka. Ukufudumala kungasetshenziswa futhi njengendlela ezimele yokushisa, kodwa kuphumelela noma ku-off-season noma ezindaweni eziseningizimu.

Indlela yokukhetha i-heater yokushisa amapayipi amanzi

Okuvame ukusetshenziswa njenge-heater i-polyethylene ye-foam or polyurethane. Zikhiqizwa ngendlela ye-liquid futhi zifafazwe kwipayipi, noma ngendlela yamathreyi lapho ipayipi ifakwe khona, futhi amalunga phakathi kwamathreyi afakwe insulated. 

Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, kwavela into entsha emakethe: upende wokushisa oshisayo. Ibhekana kahle nomsebenzi wayo oyinhloko futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ivikela amapayipi ekugqwaleni. 

Izinto ze-Fibrous ezifana uboya bamaminerali zidinga ukuvikelwa komswakama okwengeziwe, ngakho-ke azivamile ukusetshenziselwa ukufudumala amapayipi amanzi. Kunoma yikuphi, ukonga ezintweni zokuvikela akudingekile; ukuqeda imiphumela yengozi kuzobiza kakhulu.

Ukushisa ngengcindezi eyengeziwe

Le ndlela yokuvikela amanzi emakhazeni isetshenziswa lapho kugcinwa amanzi isikhathi eside, isibonelo, ebusika. Kusetshenziswa indawo yamanzi ukuze angaqini lapho kunomfutho ophakeme. Ukuze usebenzise le ndlela yokuvikela, kuyadingeka ukufaka imishini eyengeziwe:

  • Ipompo ye-submersible ekwazi ukudala ingcindezi yama-atmospheres angu-5-7;
  • Hlola i-valve ngemva kwephampu.
  • Isamukeli se-atmospheres engu-3-5.

Ipompo idala ingcindezi edingekayo emapayipini, emva kwalokho i-valve phambi komamukeli ivala futhi ingcindezi igcinwa isikhathi eside njengoba izinga lokufakwa kwamapayipi livumela. Uma ipompo ihluleka noma ukufakwa kwehluleka, amanzi epayipi azoqina. Le ndlela yokufakelwa ayithembekile, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kaningi namuhla.

Indlela yokushisa komoya

Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukudala umcamelo womoya phakathi kwepayipi nomhlabathi. Indlela elula yokuyidala ngokubeka ipayipi lamanzi epayipi lezinto ezifanayo, kodwa ububanzi obukhulu, obumbozwe ungqimba lwe-insulation eshisayo futhi lungcwatshwe. Indlela ayisebenzi kumapayipi abekwe phezulu futhi ingasetshenziswa kuphela ukuxhumana okutholakala ngaphansi kwezinga lokuqandisa.

Ukukhethwa kwendlela efanele yokushisa amanzi

Njengomthetho, ipayipi lamanzi elibekwe endaweni ebalwe kahle yokubeka ngaphansi kwezinga lokuqandisa lenhlabathi lidinga ukufakwa okuncane okushisayo kuphela. Futhi kudinga ukushisa okwengeziwe kuphela ezindaweni lapho kuziwa khona phezulu noma lapho kungenakwenzeka khona ukubeka umsele wokujula okudingekayo. 

Kulezi zimo, ikhebula lokushisa liyisinqumo esifanele. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke kube khona ukwakheka kwezingqimba zeqhwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka futhi akukho zindleko zokuqeda imiphumela yezingozi.

Izintambo zokushisa ze-SHTL
Izintambo zokushisa ze-SHTL ezivela ku-Teplolux (amamodeli SHTL, SHTL-HT, SHTL-LT) zifanele ukushisa uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi endlu yangasese kunoma yikuphi ukujula. Ukukhiqizwa kwenziwa endaweni ngokuphelele ku-Federation futhi akuncikile kubahlinzeki bangaphandle bezinto zokusetshenziswa
Khetha imodeli
Ukukhetha kukaPro

Amaphutha amakhulu ekufakweni kokushisa kwamanzi

Amaphutha amakhulu ekuzihlanganiseni kwanoma iyiphi isistimu yokushisisa: 

  • Izibalo ezingalungile;
  • Ukungathobeli imiyalelo yobunikazi bobunikazi. Izinhlinzeko ezijwayelekile sezivele zaziwa ngumfundi ngemuva kokufunda lesi sihloko, kodwa impahla ngayinye evikelayo kanye nekhebula elishisayo inama-nuances ayo kanye nobuqili bokufaka. 
  • Ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo ngomsebenzi ozimele, kuyadingeka ukuthi ufunde ngokucophelela wonke ama-SNiPs futhi usebenzise izibalo eziningi ze-inthanethi ukuze ubale ukujula kwemisele ehambisana nezinga lokuqandisa kwenhlabathi endaweni ethile. Noma phathisa lo msebenzi kochwepheshe abanikeza isiqinisekiso.
  • Ukunakwa ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe ikhwalithi yokuhlanganisa amalunga okufaka uphawu okunikeza ukuvimbela amanzi okuphelele nokuthembekile. Awekho ama-trifles lapha, futhi ayikho itheyiphu kagesi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezothatha indawo yeshubhu yokunciphisa ukushisa nokunqanyulwa kwekhebula. 
  • Akufanele ulondoloze kakhulu ezintweni zokufaka i-insulating, izinga labo elibi ngeke linikeze umphumela oyifunayo futhi, ekugcineni, kuzoholela ezindlekweni nasekuqedweni kwezingozi.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

I-KP iphendula imibuzo evela kubafundi UMaxim Sokolov, uchwepheshe we-hypermarket ye-inthanethi "VseInstrumenty.Ru".

Ingabe ngidinga ukufaka insulate yekhebula yokushisisa?

Ngemuva kokufaka ikhebula lokufakelwa, kungcono ukufaka ipayipi. Lokhu kuzonciphisa kakhulu ukulahlekelwa ukushisa, okusho ukuthi amandla kagesi amancane kakhulu azodingeka ukuze amanzi epayipi angabi yiqhwa.

Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukufakwa kwe-polymer enegwebu, njengerabha enegwebu.

Indlela yokuncibilikisa amanzi epayipini uma amanzi efriziwe?

Uma ipayipi ifinyeleleka ngokukhululekile, faka izingqimba eziningana zama-rags endaweni eqandisiwe, ubeke isitsha ngaphansi kwayo bese uqala ukuthela amanzi ashisayo phezu kwayo. Into esemqoka ukuthi ungasebenzisi amanzi abilayo: kungcono ukwandisa izinga lokushisa kwamanzi kancane kancane ukuze kuqedwe ingozi yokuqhuma kwamapayipi ngenxa yokuhluka kokushisa.

Ukufudumala amapayipi ensimbi, ungasebenzisa isomisi sezinwele zokwakha noma isibhamu sokushisa. Kodwa kumapayipi e-PVC, le ndlela ayifanele, ngoba ingakhubazeka - kungcono ukungayifaki engozini.

Uma ipayipi lingaphansi komhlaba, ekujuleni okungashoni, ungazama ukuncibilikisa iqhwa ngomlilo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kumele bashiswe ebangeni elincane ukusuka komunye nomunye kuyo yonke inkambo yepayipi. Inhlabathi izoncibilika - futhi ipayipi izoncibilika ngayo. Kodwa kunamaphuzu amaningana abalulekile lapha. Okokuqala, le ndlela ifaneleka kuphela kumapayipi angangcwatshwanga ngokujulile emhlabathini (okungukuthi, avame ukuba yiqhwa). Okwesibili, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthobela zonke izindinganiso zokuphepha emlilweni.

Ingabe i-thermostat iyadingeka kukhebuli efudumele?

Ngezintambo ezizilawulayo ezinobude obuyi-8 kuya ku-10 m, kuhle ukusebenzisa i-thermostat. Yebo, ngaphandle kwayo, ikhebula ngeke lishise futhi lishise, kodwa lizodla amandla amaningi. Kuzintambo ezinobude obufushane, ukufakwa kwesilawuli sezinga lokushisa ngokuvamile akuwenzi umqondo wezomnotho. 
  1. https://docs.cntd.ru/document/728474306
  2. https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200091050

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