Okuqukethwe
Kusukela ebuntwaneni, ngiye ngezwa ngesazi sefilosofi sasendulo esingenangqondo uDiogenes waseSinop, “owayehlala emgqonyeni.” Ngabona ngeso lengqondo isitsha sokhuni esomile, njengaleso engasibona sinogogo endaweni. Futhi angizange ngiqonde ukuthi kungani ikhehla (zonke izazi zefilosofi zazibonakala kimi amakhehla ngaleso sikhathi) zidinga ukuhlala esitsheni esikhethekile. Kamuva, kwavela ukuthi umgqomo wawuwubumba futhi wawumkhulu, kodwa lokhu akuzange kunciphise ukudideka kwami. Kwakhula nakakhulu lapho ngithola ukuthi le ndoda engavamile yayiphila kanjani.
Izitha zambiza ngokuthi “inja” (ngesiGreki – “kinos”, yingakho igama elithi “cynicism”) ngenxa yendlela yakhe yokuphila engenamahloni kanye nezinkulumo ezibhuqayo eziqhubekayo, angazange aziqeqe ngisho nakubangane abaseduze. Ekuseni wazulazula nelambu elikhanyayo wathi ufuna umuntu. Wayilahla inkomishi nesitsha lapho ebona umfana ephuza isandla futhi edla embotsheni yemvuthuluka yesinkwa, ethi: ingane idlule kimi ebulula bokuphila. UDiogenes wayeklolodela ngokuzalwa okukhulu, ebiza ingcebo ngokuthi “umhlobiso wokonakala” futhi wathi ubumpofu buwukuphela kwendlela yokuzwana nemvelo. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi kuphela lapho ngabona khona ukuthi ingqikithi yefilosofi yakhe yayingekho ekucabangeni ngamabomu kanye nokukhazimuliswa kobumpofu, kodwa ekufiseni inkululeko. Nokho, indida iwukuthi inkululeko enjalo ifinyelelwa ngezindleko zokuyeka konke ukunamathela, izinzuzo zesiko, nokujabulela ukuphila. Futhi iphenduka ubugqila obusha. Umgxeki (ekuphinyiselwe kwesiGreki - "cynic") uphila njengokungathi wesaba izinzuzo ezikhiqiza isifiso sempucuko futhi uyababalekela, esikhundleni sokuzilahla ngokukhululekile nangokunengqondo.
Izinsuku zakhe
- KULUNGILE. 413 BC e.: UDiogenes wazalelwa eSinope (ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyikoloni lamaGreki); uyise wayengumshintshi wemali. Ngokwenganekwane, i-Delphic oracle yabikezela ngaye isiphetho somgunyathi. U-Diogenes uxoshwa eSinop - kusolwa ama-alloys omgunyathi asetshenziselwa ukwenza izinhlamvu zemali. E-Athene, uba umlandeli ka-Antisthenes, umfundi kaSocrates nomsunguli wesikole sefilosofi sabagxeki, ecela, “ehlala emgqonyeni.” Owayephila ngesikhathi sikaDiogenes, uPlato, wambiza ngokuthi “uSocrates ohlanyayo.”
- Phakathi kuka-360 no-340 BC e.: UDiogenes uyazulazula, eshumayela ifilosofi yakhe, wabe esebanjwa abaphangi abamthengisa ebugqilini esiqhingini saseKrethe. Isazi sefilosofi siba "inkosi" yokomoya yenkosi yakhe uXeniad, ifundisa amadodana akhe. Nokho, wakwazi ukubhekana nemisebenzi yakhe kahle kangangokuthi uXeniades wathi: “Kwafika inhlakanipho enomusa emzini wami.”
- Phakathi kuka-327 no-321 BC e.: UDiogenes wafa, ngokusho kwemithombo ethile, e-Athens ngenxa ye-typhus.
Izihluthulelo ezinhlanu zokuqonda
Phila lokho okukholelwayo
Ifilosofi akuwona umdlalo wengqondo, kodwa indlela yokuphila ngomqondo ogcwele wegama, uDiogenes wayekholelwa. Ukudla, okokugqoka, indawo yokuhlala, imisebenzi yansuku zonke, imali, ubudlelwano neziphathimandla kanye nabanye abantu - konke lokhu kumele kube ngaphansi kwezinkolelo zakho uma ungafuni ukuchitha impilo yakho. Lesi sifiso - sokuphila ngendlela umuntu acabanga ngayo - sivamile kuzo zonke izikole zefilosofi zasendulo, kodwa phakathi kwama-cynics savezwa kakhulu. KuDiogenes nakubalandeli bakhe, lokhu ngokuyinhloko kwakusho ukwenqaba imihlangano yezenhlalo nezimfuno zomphakathi.
landela imvelo
Into eyinhloko, uDiogenes waphikisa, iwukuphila ngokuvumelana nemvelo yomuntu siqu. Lokho okufunwa yimpucuko kumuntu kuwukwenziwa, okuphambene nemvelo yakhe, ngakho-ke isazi sefilosofi esigxekayo kufanele singanaki noma yiziphi izimiso zokuphila komphakathi. Umsebenzi, impahla, inkolo, ubumsulwa, ukuziphatha okuyinkimbinkimbi kuphela, kuphazamisa into esemqoka. Lapho ngesinye isikhathi, ngaphansi kukaDiogenes, betusa isazi sefilosofi esithile esasihlala esigodlweni sika-Alexander Omkhulu, futhi, njengoba eyintandokazi, edla naye, uDiogenes wamane wazwelana naye: “Ngeshwa, udla lapho kujabulisa u-Alexander.”
Zijwayeze kokubi kakhulu
Lapho kushisa ehlobo, uDiogenes wayehlala elangeni noma aziginqe esihlabathini esishisayo, ebusika ambange izithombe ezimbozwe iqhwa. Wafunda ukubekezelela indlala nokoma, wazilimaza ngamabomu, ezama ukukunqoba. Lokhu kwakungeyona i-masochism, isazi sefilosofi sasifuna nje ukulungele noma yikuphi ukumangala. Wayekholelwa ukuthi ngokuzijwayeza okubi kakhulu wayengeke esahlupheka lapho kwenzeka okubi kakhulu. Wayefuna ukuzithiba hhayi nje ngokomzimba, kodwa nangokomoya. Ngolunye usuku, u-Diogenes, owayevame ukucela, waqala ukucela ... esifanekisweni setshe. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi kungani enza lokhu, waphendula, “Ngijwayele ukwaliwa.”
bacasule wonke umuntu
Ngekhono lokucasula umphakathi, uDiogenes wayengakwazi okulinganayo. Edelela igunya, imithetho nezimpawu zomphakathi zokuvelela, wenqaba noma yiziphi iziphathimandla, kuhlanganise nezenkolo: izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa kwenzeka izipho ezifanele ezazinikelwe konkulunkulu emathempelini. Isayensi nobuciko azidingeki, ngoba izici eziyinhloko yisithunzi namandla. Ukushada futhi akudingekile: abesifazane nezingane kufanele kube yinto evamile, futhi ukulala kwezihlobo akufanele kukhathazeke noma ubani. Ungathumela izidingo zakho zemvelo phambi kwawo wonke umuntu - phela, ezinye izilwane azinamahloni ngalokhu! Okunjalo, ngokukaDiogenes, kuyinani lenkululeko ephelele neyiqiniso.
Hlukana nobuqaba
Uphi umkhawulo wesifiso esivuthayo somuntu sokubuyela emvelweni yakhe? Lapho elahla impucuko, uDiogenes weqisa. Kodwa i-radicalism iyingozi: ukulwela "imvelo" enjalo, funda - isilwane, indlela yokuphila iholela ekuziphatheni, ukuphika ngokuphelele umthetho futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ngokumelene nobuntu. U-Diogenes usifundisa "ngokuphambene": ngemuva kwakho konke, emphakathini kanye nezinkambiso zawo zokuphilisana kwabantu esikukweleta ubuntu bethu. Ephika isiko, ufakazela isidingo salo.