Okuqukethwe
Ukwakhiwa kwenkinga
Ake sithi inkampani osebenza kuyo inezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ezintathu, lapho izimpahla ziya ezitolo zakho ezinhlanu ezihlakazeke kulo lonke elaseMoscow.
Isitolo ngasinye siyakwazi ukuthengisa inani elithile lezimpahla esizaziyo. Indawo ngayinye yokugcina impahla inomthamo olinganiselwe. Umsebenzi uwukukhetha ngokunengqondo ukuthi iyiphi indawo yokugcina izimpahla ukuze ulethe izimpahla ukuze kuncishiswe zonke izindleko zokuhamba.
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwenza kahle, kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlanganise ithebula elilula eshidini le-Excel - imodeli yethu yezibalo echaza isimo:
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi:
- Ithebula eliphuzi elikhanyayo (C4:G6) lichaza izindleko zokuthumela into eyodwa kusuka esitolo ngasinye kuya esitolo ngasinye.
- Amaseli aphephuli (C15:G14) achaza inani lezimpahla ezidingekayo ukuze isitolo ngasinye sidayiswe.
- Amaseli abomvu (J10:J13) abonisa umthamo wesitolo ngasinye - inani eliphakeme lezimpahla ezingaphathwa yindlu yokugcina impahla.
- Aphuzi (C13:G13) namaseli aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (H10:H13) ayizibalo zomugqa nekholomu zamaseli aluhlaza, ngokulandelana.
- Isamba sezindleko zokuthumela (J18) sibalwa njengesamba semikhiqizo yenani lezimpahla nezindleko zazo zokuthumela ezihambisanayo - ukuze kubalwe, umsebenzi usetshenziswa lapha. SUMPRODUCT (SUMPRODUCT).
Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wethu wehliselwa ekukhethweni kwamanani afanele wamaseli aluhlaza. Futhi ukuze inani eliphelele lomugqa (amaseli aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) lingeqi umthamo wendawo yokugcina impahla (amaseli abomvu), futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo isitolo ngasinye sithola inani lempahla esiyidingayo ukuyithengisa (inani lesitolo ngasinye amaseli aphuzi kufanele asondele ngangokunokwenzeka ezidingweni - amaseli ansomi).
Isixazululo
Ezibalweni, izinkinga ezinjalo zokukhetha ukusatshalaliswa okufanele kwezinsiza zakhiwe futhi zachazwa isikhathi eside. Futhi-ke, izindlela zokuzixazulula kade zathuthukiswa hhayi ngokubala okungaqondile (okude kakhulu), kodwa ngenani elincane kakhulu lokuphindaphinda. I-Excel inikeza umsebenzisi umsebenzi onjalo esebenzisa isengezo. Sesha Izixazululo (I-Solver) kusuka kuthebhu Idatha (Usuku):
Uma kuthebhu Idatha I-Excel yakho ayinawo umyalo onjalo - kulungile - kusho ukuthi isengezo asikaxhunywanga. Ukuyivula ivule Ifayela, bese ukhetha Amapharamitha - Izengezo - Mayelana (Izinketho - Izengezo - Iya Ku). Ewindini elivulayo, khetha ibhokisi eliseduze nomugqa esiwudingayo Sesha Izixazululo (I-Solver).
Masiqalise isengezo:
Kuleli windi, udinga ukusetha amapharamitha alandelayo:
- Lungiselela umsebenzi oqondiwe (Setha u-timali iseli) - lapha kuyadingeka ukukhombisa umgomo wokugcina oyinhloko wokwenza kahle kwethu, okungukuthi ibhokisi elipinki elinenani eliphelele lezindleko zokuthumela (J18). Iseli eliqondiwe lingancishiswa (uma kuyizindleko, njengakithi), lenziwe libe likhulu (uma liyinzuzo, ngokwesibonelo, inzuzo) noma uzame ukuliletha enanini elinikeziwe (ngokwesibonelo, lilingane ncamashí nesabelomali esabelwe).
- Ukushintsha Amaseli Aguquguqukayo (By ukushintsha amaseli) - lapha sibonisa amaseli aluhlaza (C10: G12), ngokushintsha amanani esifuna ukufeza umphumela wethu - izindleko eziphansi zokulethwa.
- Ihambisana nemikhawulo (Isihloko kuya the Izingqinamba) - uhlu lwemikhawulo okufanele inakwe lapho kulungiswa. Ukwengeza imikhawulo kuhlu, chofoza inkinobho Engeza (Engeza) bese ufaka isimo efasiteleni elivelayo. Esimweni sethu, lokhu kuzoba umkhawulo wesidingo:
futhi ubeke umkhawulo kumthamo omkhulu wezindawo zokugcina izimpahla:
Ngaphezu kokulinganiselwa okusobala okuhlotshaniswa nezici ezibonakalayo (amandla ezindawo zokugcina impahla kanye nezindlela zokuhamba, isabelomali kanye nezinkinga zesikhathi, njll.), ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukwengeza imingcele "ekhethekile ku-Excel". Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, i-Excel ingakwazi ukuhlela kalula ukuthi "uthuthukise" izindleko zokulethwa ngokunikela ngokuthutha izimpahla zisuka ezitolo zibuyele endaweni yokugcina impahla - izindleko zizoba zimbi, okungukuthi sizokwenza inzuzo! 🙂
Ukuze uvimbele lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, kuhle ukushiya ibhokisi lokuhlola livuliwe. Yenza Okuguquguqukayo Okungenamkhawulo Kungabi Negative noma ngezinye izikhathi ukubhalisa ngokucacile lezo zikhathi ohlwini lwemikhawulo.
Ngemuva kokusetha wonke amapharamitha adingekayo, iwindi kufanele libukeke kanje:
Kuhlu lokudonsela phansi elithi Khetha indlela yokuxazulula, udinga futhi ukukhetha indlela yezibalo efanele yokuxazulula ukukhetha kwezinketho ezintathu:
- Indlela ye-Simplex iyindlela elula nesheshayo yokuxazulula izinkinga eziwumugqa, okungukuthi izinkinga lapho okukhiphayo kuncike ngokomugqa ngokokufaka.
- Indlela Yokwehliswa Kwezinga Ejwayelekile (OGG) - ezinkingeni ezingezona umugqa, lapho kunokuncika okuyinkimbinkimbi okungaqondile phakathi kwedatha yokufaka nokuphumayo (isibonelo, ukuncika kokuthengisa ezindlekweni zokukhangisa).
- Ukusesha kokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwesixazululo - indlela entsha yokuthuthukisa esekelwe ezimisweni zokuziphendukela kwemvelo (sawubona Darwin). Le ndlela isebenza izikhathi eziningi kunezimbili zokuqala, kodwa ingaxazulula cishe noma iyiphi inkinga (engaqondile, eqondile).
Umsebenzi wethu uqondile ngokusobala: ilethwe ucezu olu-1 - isetshenziswe ama-ruble angama-40, yalethwa izingcezu ezi-2 - yachitha ama-ruble angama-80. njll., ngakho-ke indlela elula iyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu.
Manje njengoba idatha yokubala isifakiwe, cindezela inkinobho Thola isisombululo (Xazulula)ukuze uqale ukwenza kahle. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ezinamaseli amaningi ashintshayo kanye nezithiyo, ukuthola isixazululo kungathatha isikhathi eside (ikakhulukazi ngendlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo), kodwa umsebenzi wethu we-Excel ngeke ube yinkinga - emizuzwini embalwa sizothola imiphumela elandelayo. :
Naka ukuthi amavolumu okunikezwayo asatshalaliswa ngokuthakazelisa kangakanani phakathi kwezitolo, kuyilapho engadluli umthamo wezindawo zethu zokugcina izimpahla futhi wanelisa zonke izicelo zenani lezimpahla ezidingekayo zesitolo ngasinye.
Uma isisombululo esitholiwe sisifanela, singase singasigcina, noma sibuyele emananini okuqala bese sizame futhi ngamanye amapharamitha. Ungagcina futhi inhlanganisela ekhethiwe yamapharamitha njenge Isimo. Ngokwesicelo somsebenzisi, i-Excel ingakha izinhlobo ezintathu Imibiko ngenkinga exazululwa emashidini ahlukene: umbiko ngemiphumela, umbiko mayelana nokuzinza kwezibalo zesisombululo kanye nombiko ngemikhawulo (imikhawulo) yesixazululo, nokho, ezimweni eziningi, banesithakazelo kuphela kochwepheshe. .
Nokho, kunezimo lapho i-Excel ingakwazi ukuthola isisombululo esifanele. Kungenzeka ukulingisa icala elinjalo uma sibonisa esibonelweni sethu izimfuneko zezitolo ngenani elikhulu kunomthamo ophelele wezindawo zokugcina izimpahla. Khona-ke, lapho kwenziwa ukulungiselelwa, i-Excel izozama ukusondela esixazululweni ngangokunokwenzeka, bese iveza umlayezo ongatholakali isisombululo. Noma kunjalo, nakulokhu, sinolwazi oluningi oluwusizo - ikakhulukazi, singabona "izixhumanisi ezibuthakathaka" zezinqubo zethu zebhizinisi futhi siqonde izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe.
Isibonelo esicatshangelwe, yiqiniso, silula, kodwa silinganisa kalula ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokusatshalaliswa kwezinsiza zezimali ngokwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ohlelweni lwebhizinisi noma isabelomali sephrojekthi. Imikhawulo, kulokhu, izoba inani lemali kanye nesikhathi sephrojekthi, futhi umgomo wokwenza kahle uwukukhulisa inzuzo kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zephrojekthi.
- Ukulungiselelwa kokuhlela kwabasebenzi ukuze kuncishiswe isikhwama samaholo sebhizinisi. Imikhawulo, kulokhu, izoba izifiso zesisebenzi ngasinye ngokweshejuli yokuqashwa kanye nezidingo zetafula labasebenzi.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokutshalwa kwezimali - isidingo sokusabalalisa izimali ngendlela efanele phakathi kwamabhange amaningana, izibambiso noma amasheya ezinkampani ukuze, futhi, ukwandisa inzuzo noma (uma kubaluleke kakhulu) ukunciphisa izingozi.
Kunoma yikuphi, isengezo Sesha Izixazululo (Umxazululi) iyithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu futhi elihle le-Excel futhi elifanele ukunakwa kwakho, njengoba lingasiza ezimweni eziningi ezinzima okufanele ubhekane nazo ebhizinisini lesimanje.