Okuqukethwe
Inyumoniya iyimphikisi eyesabekayo. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa izifo zangaphambili zokuphefumula kanye nezinkinga ezilandelayo. Ukwelashwa akulula futhi kuvame ukuphetha ngokuhlala esibhedlela, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu osekhulile egula.
Inyumoniya ichazwa njenganoma yikuphi ukuvuvukala okwenzeka emaphashini - ku-alveoli kanye nezicubu ze-interstitial. Lesi sifo senzeka kaningi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Okubalulekile, kungenzeka ngendlela ekhohlisayo, ngaphandle kwezimpawu eziphawulekayo ekuqaleni.
Ukuhlasela kwegciwane
Ukutheleleka okunganakiwe, okungalashwanga (ibhaktheriya noma igciwane) komgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu (ikhala eligijimayo, i-laryngitis) kungasakazeka kalula emgudwini wokuphefumula ongezansi, okuholela ku-bronchitis noma inyumoniya. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho igciwane liyingozi futhi amasosha omzimba ehla.
Amagciwane anesibopho salokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-viral pneumonia, inkambo enzima kakhulu i-pneumonia yomkhuhlane. Lolu hlobo luhlasela kakhulu ngezikhathi zobhubhane. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo siqhubeka ngezigaba ezimbili. Ekuqaleni, sibhekana kuphela nezimpawu zomkhuhlane: iziguli zikhononda nge-malaise, umkhuhlane, ukubandayo, ubuhlungu emisipha, amalunga, ikhanda, ababuthakathaka. Kwesinye isikhathi abasazi isifo abasitholayo. Kuphela ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa noma ngisho ezimbalwa, lapho izicubu zamaphaphu zithinteka, izimpawu zesistimu yokuphefumula zivela - ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphefumula kanye nokukhwehlela okomile, okukhathazayo.
Amagciwane akhohlisayo
Ngezinye izikhathi inyumoniya yomkhuhlane (viral) iyinkimbinkimbi yi-superinfection yebhaktheriya futhi iphenduka okuthiwa i-pneumonia yebhaktheriya. Ngokuvamile lihlasela abantu abangenawo amandla omzimba, ikakhulukazi izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Lolu hlobo lokuvuvukala luthandwa yizi: izifo ezingapheli zokuphefumula, isb i-bronchitis engapheli, i-emphysema, i-bronchiectasis, izifo zenhliziyo ezingapheli, isib. ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, ukuncipha kokuzivikela komzimba ngenxa yezinye izifo, ukutheleleka ngegciwane, ikakhulukazi umkhuhlane, i-nosocomial infection. Izimpawu zokuvuvukala zizibonakalisa ngendlela yokushisa okungazelelwe, okuphezulu, ngokuvamile ngaphezu kuka-40 ° C. Kukhona futhi ukubandayo, ukujuluka okukhulu nobuthakathaka obukhulu. Kukhona ukukhwehlela okuphuma uketshezi oluningi, izinhlungu esifubeni, kanye ne-dyspnoea yobunzima obuhlukahlukene. Imbangela evame kakhulu yenyumoniya yi-Streptococcus pneumoniae - cishe i-60-70% yakho konke ukuvuvukala. Lolu hlobo lwesifo luvame ukwandulelwa izifo eziphezulu zokuphefumula. Isici sesibili esivame kakhulu sokuvuvukala yi-Haemophilus influenzae bacterium. I-Staphylococcal pneumonia ingaba inkinga yomkhuhlane noma enye igciwane lesandulela ngculazi.
Yini edingekayo ukuze uxilongwe?
Kakade ngesikhathi se-auscultation kanye nokushaywa kwesifuba, udokotela ubona izinguquko emaphashini, akhona kokubili i-pneumonia yegciwane kanye ne-bacterial - uzwa ama-crackles, ama-rales, ama-wheezing. Ngezinye izikhathi uyala i-X-ray ukuze aqinisekise ukuxilongwa. Ku-viral pneumonia, isithombe asifiphali, ukufiphala kwe-bacterial lobe ku-blotchy futhi kuhlangene, futhi uketshezi lungase lube khona emgodini we-pleural. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka: igazi, uketshezi lwebhaktheriya, i-bronchoscopy, i-computed tomography yamaphaphu.
Ukwelashwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela
Ukwelashwa kwe-pneumonia kufanele kube ngaphansi kokuqondisa okuqinile kwezokwelapha, futhi izindlela zayo zincike kumbangela yokuvuvukala. Ama-antibiotic ngokuvamile awadingeki ekuvuvukeni kwegciwane, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi udokotela angase ayale ukuthi avimbele ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya. Ama-painkillers, ama-expectorants, nemithi yokwehlisa umkhuhlane ivame ukunikezwa. Ngezinye izikhathi udinga ukwelashwa komoyampilo kanye nemithi yenhliziyo. Imithi elwa namagciwane iwumuthi osebenzayo wokulwa namagciwane. Kukhethwe kahle kufanele kulawulwe kusukela ekuqaleni kwesifo. Kwenzeka ukuthi udokotela, ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zokwelashwa okungenamsebenzi, ushintsha umuthi komunye ohlukile. Ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic akufanele kuphazamiseke - udokotela kuphela owenza lesi sinqumo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina imigudu yokuphefumula ivulekile. Kufanele ukhwehlele kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, ubambe isifuba sakho, wenze izivivinyo zokuphefumula (ulale phansi imilenze yakho igoqe emadolweni, uphefumulele phezulu ngamakhala kuyilapho uphusha isisu ngaphandle futhi ukhiphe kancane kancane ngomlomo ngokudonsa isisu - izikhathi ezi-3 a usuku imizuzu engu-15). Kudingeka futhi unikeze uketshezi oluningi, cishe amalitha ama-2 ngosuku. Ngenxa yabo, i-viscosity ye-sputum izokwehla, okuzokwenza kube lula ukukhishwa kwayo. Ukudla okunempilo kodwa okugayeka kalula nakho kubalulekile.
Bheka futhiI-Pneumocystosis - izimpawu, inkambo, ukwelashwa
Uya nini esibhedlela?
Inyumoniya ingelashwa ekhaya, kodwa njalo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela. Nokho, kwezinye izimo kuyadingeka ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho isifo sinzima futhi isiguli sisesimweni esibi. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi kwasebekhulile kanye nezingane.
Kuyafaneleka ukugcizelela ukuthi inyumoniya ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu. Abantu abagula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi labo abaphethwe ezinye izifo zokuphefumula, bangase bahlupheke kakhulu ngenxa yokwehluleka ukuphefumula kanzima. Abantu abanezifo ezingelapheki zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, isifo sikashukela kanye nomdlavuza nabo basengozini enkulu. Uma kwenzeka i-pleurisy, ukwakheka koketshezi kucindezela amaphaphu futhi kwenze ukuphefumula kube nzima. Ithumba lamaphaphu, okungukuthi i-necrosis yezicubu zamaphaphu ezibangelwa ama-microorganisms abangela izilonda ze-purulent, kungaba inkinga enkulu. Ngezinye izikhathi izinkinga ezivela ku-pneumonia yebhaktheriya zingaholela ku-sepsis esongela ukuphila.
Umbhalo: Anna Romaszkan