Okuqukethwe
Ngo-1848, kukhiqizwa i-chewing gum yokuqala, eyayenziwa abafowethu baseBrithani uCurtis futhi baqala ukuhweba ngomkhiqizo wabo emakethe. Akulungile ukusho ukuthi umlando walo mkhiqizo waqala kusukela kulowo mzuzu, ngoba ama-prototypes of gum ayekhona ngaphambili.
Phakathi nokuvubukulwa kwemivubukulo, izingcezu ze-resin noma izinyosi ezihlafunwayo manje sezitholakala futhi kamuva - ngakho-ke, eGreece yasendulo naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, abantu okokuqala ngqa bahlanza amazinyo abo emfucumfucwini yokudla futhi banikeza umoya omusha. AmaNdiya angamaMaya ayesebenzisa injoloba - ubisi lwesihlahla samaHevea, abantu baseSiberia - inhlaka ye-larch ebukekayo, abase-Asia - ingxube yamaqabunga e-pepper betel nomcako ukuze kubulawe amagciwane.
I-Chicle - Uhlobo lomdabu waseMelika lwenshungu yesimanje
Kamuva, amaNdiya afunda ukubilisa ubisi oluqoqwe ezihlahleni ngomlilo, ngenxa yalokho kwavela isisindo esimhlophe esimhlophe, esithambile kunezinhlobo zenjoloba zangaphambilini. Yile ndlela isisekelo sokuqala sezinhlavu zemvelo ezalwa ngayo - i-chicle. Kwakunemikhawulo eminingi emphakathini wamaNdiya owawulawula futhi ulawula ukusetshenziswa kwe-chicle. Isibonelo, esidlangalaleni, kwakungabesifazane nezingane ezingashadile kuphela ababevunyelwe ukuhlafuna ushungama, kodwa abesifazane abashadile babekwazi ukuhlafuna indle kuphela lapho kungekho muntu obabonayo. Owesilisa obehlafuna i-chicle usolwa ngokuziphatha kahle kobulili nehlazo.
Abakholoniyali baseMhlabeni Omdala bamukela umkhuba wabantu bomdabu wokuhlafuna into ethile futhi baqala ukwenza ibhizinisi ngayo, bathumela izinto emazweni aseYurophu. Lapho, nokho, kwakuvame kakhulu ukusebenzisa ugwayi ohlafunwayo, osekuyisikhathi eside uncintisana ne-chicle.
Umkhiqizo wokuqala wentengiso wenshungama waqala ngekhulu le-19, lapho abafowethu abashiwo ngenhla bakaCurtis beqala ukupakisha izingcezu zikaphayini we-pine ohlanganiswe nengcina yezinyosi ephepheni. Baphinde bangeza ukunambitheka kukapharafini ukwenza insini inambitheke kakhulu.
Ungabeka kuphi ithoni yerabha? Asihambe sihlafuna ushungamu!
Ngasikhathi sinye, kwafika ibhande lenjoloba emakethe, ilungelo lobunikazi elatholwa nguWilliam Finley Semple. Ibhizinisi laseMelika aliphumelelanga, kepha lo mbono wathathwa ngokushesha yiMelika uThomas Adams. Esezithengile ithani lenjoloba ngentengo eshibhile, akazange akuthole ukusetshenziswa kwayo futhi wanquma ukupheka ushungamu.
Ngokumangalisayo, iqoqo elincane lathengiswa ngokushesha futhi i-Adams yaqala ukukhiqiza ngobuningi. Ngemva kwesikhashana, wanezela ukunambitheka kwe-licorice futhi wanika i-chewing gum ukuma kwepensela - i-gum enjalo ikhunjulwa yibo bonke baseMelika kuze kube yilolu suku.
Isikhathi se-hit gum
Ngo-1880, ukunambitheka okuvame kakhulu kwe-mint chewing gum kwangena emakethe, futhi eminyakeni embalwa umhlaba uzobona isithelo esithi "Tutti-Frutti". Ngo-1893, u-Wrigley waba umholi emakethe ye-chewing gum.
UWilliam Wrigley waqale wafuna ukwenza insipho. Kepha lo somabhizinisi owayesematasa walandela ukuhola kwabathengi futhi wakhiqiza kabusha umkhiqizo wakhe waba ngomunye umkhiqizo - ushingamu. Umkhonto wakhe kanye neJuice Fruit kwaba ngamahithi amakhulu, futhi inkampani ngokushesha iba yinkosi emkhakheni. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-gum nayo iguqula ukuma kwayo - amapuleti amade amancane asemaphaketheni ngamanye abekulungele ukusebenzisa kunezinti zangaphambilini.
1906 - isikhathi sokuvela kwe-bubble gum yokuqala ethi Blibber-Blubber (bubble gum), eyasungulwa nguFrank Fleer, kwathi ngo-1928 yathuthukiswa umgcini-mabhuku kaFleer uWalter Deamer. Inkampani efanayo yasungula i-gum-lollipops, eyayifunwa kakhulu, njengoba yehlisa iphunga lotshwala emlonyeni.
U-Walter Diemer wenze ifomula ye-gum esaqhubeka nanamuhla: irabha engu-20%, ushukela ongu-60%, isiraphu yommbila engu-29% kanye ne-flavour engu-1%.
Ushingamu ongajwayelekile kakhulu: TOP 5
1. Ushingamu wamazinyo
Le gum yokuhlafuna iqukethe lonke iphakethe lezinsizakalo zamazinyo: ukuhlanza, ukuvimbela i-caries, ukususwa kwe-calculus yamazinyo. Amaphedi ama-2 nje ngosuku - futhi ungakhohlwa ngokuya kudokotela. Lokhu ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo kwe-Arm & Hammer okunconywe odokotela bamazinyo base-US. I-chewing gum ayinashukela, kodwa iqukethe i-xylitol, esiza ukuvimbela ukubola kwamazinyo. I-soda isebenza njenge-bleach, i-zinc inesibopho sokuphefumula komoya.
2. Uhlafunela ingqondo
Ngo-2007, uMatt Davidson, umfundi oneminyaka engu-24 othweswe iziqu ebhodini laseStanford University, wasungula futhi uzokhiqiza i-Think Gum. Usosayensi wasebenza iresiphi yokusungulwa kwakhe iminyaka eminingana. I-chewing gum iqukethe i-rosemary, i-mint, okukhishwe kwi-Indian herb bacopa, i-guarana namanye amagama ezitshalo ezingajwayelekile ezithinte ngqo ubuchopho bomuntu, zithuthukisa inkumbulo futhi zikhulise ukugxila.
3. Ukuhlafuna ushingamu wokwehlisa isisindo
Iphupho lakho konke ukulahlekelwa isisindo - akukho ukudla okudliwayo, sebenzisa nje ushingamu wokwehlisa isisindo! Kungale nhloso engqondweni ukuthi i-Zoft Slim chewing gum yadalwa. Icindezela isifiso sokudla futhi ikhuthaza ukuncipha kwesisindo. Futhi isithako iHoodia Gordonii sibhekele lezi zindawo - umdolofiya ovela ogwadule lwaseNingizimu Afrika, onelisa indlala, wehlise ushukela wegazi namazinga e-cholesterol.
4. Ushingamu wamandla
Ukusetshenziswa kweziphuzo zamandla kufiphala ngemuva ngokubonakala kwale gum yamandla, okungakhuphula ukusebenza ngemizuzu eyi-10 nje yokuyihlafuna - futhi akukho monakalo esiswini! I-Blitz Energy Gum iqukethe u-55 mg we-caffeine, amavithamini B kanye ne-taurine ebholeni elilodwa. Ama-flavour ale gum - i-mint nesinamoni - ongakhetha kuzo.
5. Ishingamu yewayini
Manje, esikhundleni sengilazi yewayini elihle, ungavele uhlafune i-Gum Gum, ehlanganisa iwayini le-port eyimpuphu, i-sherry, i-claret, i-burgundy ne-champagne. Yebo, kuyinjabulo engabazekayo ukuhlafuna iwayini esikhundleni sokuliphuza, kodwa ezifundeni zamaSulumane lapho utshwala bunqatshelwe khona, le nhlaka iyathandwa.