I-Cryptosporidiosis isifo se-protozoan, okusho ukuthi ukutheleleka okubangelwa yi-protozoan parasite, i-Cryptosporidium spp, ekhula emathunjini, ikakhulukazi kumaseli we-epithelial, futhi azibonakalisa ikakhulukazi ngohudo.

Yisifo esithinta bobabili abantu, kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila kwabo, kanye nezilwane eziningi, ikakhulukazi izinkomo nezinyoni. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ezikhubaza umuntu nguC. Hominis noC. Parvum. Amagciwane achaza umjikelezo we-asexual ngaphakathi kweseli lamathumbu, bese kuba umjikelezo wezocansi oholela ekukhishweni kwama-oocyst athathelanayo. Abantu batheleleka ngokufaka la ma-oocyst.

I-Cryptosporidiosis yisifo esitholakala emhlabeni wonke futhi sesivele sibangele izifo eziwumqedazwe eziningana. Izinga lokutheleleka lihluka phakathi kuka-0,6% no-2% emazweni athuthukile uma kuqhathaniswa no-4% kuya ku-32% wabantu emazweni asathuthuka.

EFrance, izifo eziwumshayabhuqe ezibikiwe zibangelwe ukungcola okungcolile kwamanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amanzi okuphuza ngoba i-ejenti elithathelwanayo alibulawa yizibulala-magciwane esivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwamanzi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamanzi okuphuza noma amanzi echibini lokubhukuda akwanele ukubhubhisa amagciwane.

Qaphela ukuthi i-parasite ayisasebenzi ngokubanda ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile: kufanele ibekwe ezingeni lokushisa elingu- −22 ° C okungenani izinsuku eziyi-10 noma ngaphezulu kwe-65 ° C okungenani imizuzu emibili.

Amanzi okuphuza, amachibi okubhukuda, izinkulisa kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo konke kungamachibi alesi sifo. Kuthathelana kakhulu, le parasitosis idluliselwa kubantu ikakhulukazi yizilwane ezifuywayo, ikakhulukazi amathole, amawundlu, amazinyane, amazinyane ezingulube, amathole nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Umsuka wokudluliswa ikakhulukazi ngokuxhumana ngqo nezilwane, ngokukhishwa kwazo noma ngokukhishwa kwaso nangomzila owenziwe ngomlomo. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ungenwe ngokungaqondile ngokudla ukudla okungcolisiwe noma ngokudla imifino evela engadini evundiswe umquba ongcolile noma amanzi angalashwa.

Ukudluliselwa komuntu kuya kumuntu kwenzeka ngomzila we-fecal-oral. Isibonelo, ukungagezi izandla ngemuva kokushintsha inabukeni lengane enesifo.

Ukutheleleka kwayo kuyivela kancane noma umqedazwe.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-cryptosporidiosis kuvame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwesitofu okwembula amagciwane ohlobo lwe-Cryptosporidium. I-biopsy yamathumbu nayo ingenziwa. I-Cryptosporidiosis kufanele yehlukaniswe ne-cyclosporiasis okuyisifo esiyisidlakudla esidalwa wukungeniswa kwecoccidia Cyclospora cayetanensis.

Nezilwane

Ezilwaneni, izimpawu zibonakala ikakhulu ezilwaneni ezisencane futhi zibonakalise njengohudo olunamanzi olunombala ophuzi, ukwehla kwesisindo, ukuhlanza nobuthakathaka obukhulu. Kuma-turkeys namachwane, izimpawu zokutheleleka ngokuphefumula zingavela. 

Kubantu

Kumuntu onempilo, ukutheleleka kuvame ukungabonakali. Kungabangela i-gastroenteritis yakudala enezinhlungu zesisu, ukukhathala, isifo sohudo esinamanzi, isicanucanu kanye nomkhuhlane omncane. I-Cryptosporidiosis nayo ingathinta amaphaphu, kepha lokhu kwehlukile.

Isikhathi sesifo siyahlukahluka: sisuka ezinsukwini ezintathu kuye kweziyishumi nane.

Icala labantu abangenawo umzimba

Kubantu abane-immunodeficiency, lesi sifo sibucayi kakhulu. Sizibonakalisa ngohudo olunzima olubabayo kwesinye isikhathi isifo se-choleriform (= esibangelwa amagciwane anobuthi). Amagciwane amakhulu abandakanyeka kwi-choleriform syndrome yiStaphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens kanye ne-enterotoxigenic E. coli neVibrio cholerae.

Izinga lokutheleleka eliphakeme liye labonwa ezigulini ze-AIDS ezethula uhudo olungapheli. Kodwa-ke, eFrance, inani lamacala alesi sifo ezigulini ze-AIDS lehle kakhulu selokhu kwabekwa imishanguzo ye-HIV.

Icala labantu abangenakuzivikela

Kubantu abangenakunyakaziswa amandla, asebekhulile nezingane, isifo sohudo sinde futhi sihlala isikhathi eside futhi singaba yisifo esingelapheki. Zingahlanganiswa ngqo noma ngokungaqondile nokufa kwesiguli.

I-Cryptosporidiosis ingasongela impilo uma yenzeka kumuntu ongakwazi ukuzivikela.

Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngokuthatha imishanguzo yokulwa nesinanakazana. Kodwa-ke, akukho ukwelashwa okwelaphekayo ngo-100%, okungukuthi, akukho okususa i-pathogen. Izidakamizwa ezithile zisebenza ngokulingana njenge-paromomycin noma i-nitazoxanide. I-Rifaximin ibonakala iyimolekyuli esebenza kahle kakhulu.

Esigabeni esibucayi sesifo, ukuvinjelwa kokudla okujwayelekile kuyavinjelwa, okungadinga ukuminyelwa ukuhlinzeka zonke izakhi ezidingekayo emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi usawoti wamaminerali ngoba lokhu kususwa uhudo.

Prevention

Ukuvimbela kuqukethe ukunciphisa ubungozi bokungcola ngama-oocyst, ngokuhlonipha imithetho yenhlanzeko: geza izandla zakho kahle ngemuva kokuxhumana nezilwane, ngemuva kokuya endlini encane, ngaphambi kokudla njll; futhi ugweme ukungeniswa kwamanzi noma ukudla okungahle kungcoliswe indle.