I-Crucian

I-Crucian carp iyinhlanzi yomndeni we-cyprinid, etholakala cishe yonke indawo ezweni lakithi. Lena inhlanzi yasemanzini ahlanzekile engahlala kokubili emifuleni nasemachibini anamanzi amile. AmaKarasi awathobeki ezimweni zokuphila nokudla, ngakho atholakala cishe kuwo wonke amanzi. Lokhu kuchaza ukubaluleka kwayo kwezohwebo: i-crucian carp ivame ukuzalaniswa ezindaweni zokudoba.

I-Crucian carp ihlala nabaningi abathanda i-aquarium: imisila yegolide ye-fish-veil emanzini asekhaya iyizinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa zama-crucian ajwayelekile emfuleni. I-Karasem iphinde ibe yileyo nhlanzi yegolide efanayo evela endabeni ye-AS Pushkin mayelana nomdobi.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi ama-crucians anekhono lokushintsha ubulili babo uma kunesidingo. Ngakho-ke, uma ubeka abesifazane abambalwa ku-aquarium, omunye wabo ekugcineni uzoba ngowesilisa ukuze aqhubeke nohlobo.

AmaKara anomzimba oyisicaba, kodwa omude, ombozwe ngezikali ezinkulu. Isisindo nobukhulu bezinhlanzi zincike endaweni yazo kanye nezinhlobo zazo. Ubude babanye abantu bungafinyelela ku-50-60 cm, nesisindo - 2 kg. Finyelela ekuthombeni onyakeni we-3-4 wokuphila. Izinhlanzi zizala ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo, zizalela amaqanda ku-algae. Ama-Crucians aphila iminyaka engu-15.

Lezi izidalwa eziqine kakhulu: izinhlanzi ezibanjiwe zingakwazi ukuphefumula umoya osemkhathini kuze kube usuku, futhi uma zikhishwa emanzini ngalesi sikhathi, zingaphila. Amakhosikazi ayazi ukuthi ngokuvamile ngisho ne-crucian carp exutshwe futhi egayiwe igxuma epanini.

Ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali

I-Crucian carp iyinhlobo yezinhlanzi ezinamafutha aphakathi. Inyama yayo iqukethe cishe u-18 g wamaprotheni futhi kufika ku-2 g wamafutha. Awekho ama-carbohydrate ku-carp. Lokhu kwakhiwa kwenyama kunquma okuqukethwe kwayo kwekhalori ephansi: i-100 g yenhlanzi eluhlaza iqukethe kuphela i-87-88 kcal.

Amafutha ku-crucian carp angama-70% agcwele amafutha acids futhi aqukethe i-cholesterol. Kodwa, uma kubhekwa inani eliphelele lamafutha, okuqukethwe kwawo kule nhlanzi kunganakwa, ngoba akumeleli amandla akhethekile noma inani lokudla okunempilo. I-100 g yenhlanzi eluhlaza ayinayo ngaphezu kuka-3% wesidingo sansuku zonke samafutha.

Okuthakazelisayo nakakhulu ukwakheka kwamaprotheni enyama ye-crucian carp. Aqukethe wonke ama-amino acid abalulekile adingekayo emzimbeni womuntu. I-100 g yale nhlanzi iqukethe cishe u-30% wokudla kwansuku zonke amaprotheni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokudla kuphela ama-300 g wenyama ye-crucian carp, unganikeza umzimba ngokudla kwansuku zonke kwamaprotheni aphelele.

Inyama yale nhlanzi yomfula inothile ngamavithamini namaminerali (ama-macro- kanye nama-microelements).

I-Crucian carp iqukethe okuningi (ku-% wento evamile yansuku zonke yendaba yamaminerali) yama-macro- kanye nama-microelements:

• i-fluoride (kufika ku-90%);
• iodine (kufika ku-80%);
• i-phosphorus (kufika ku-28%);
• chromium (kufika ku-25%);
• isulfure (kufika ku-18%);
• potassium (kufika ku-11%).

Izakhiwo Eziwusizo

I-World Health Organization (WHO) itusa ukudla i-crucian carp izikhathi eziningana ngesonto ukunikeza umzimba amaprotheni aphelele. Amaprotheni ale nhlanzi agayeka kalula futhi asebenza njengomthombo wama-amino acid abalulekile, angakhiqizwa ngokuzimela emzimbeni womuntu noma akhiqizwa ngamanani amancane.

Imihluzi ephekwe kule nhlanzi iqukethe izinto eziningi ze-nitrogenous, ngakho-ke ikhuthaza ukukhishwa kwejusi yokugaya ukudla, ivuselele isifiso sokudla, futhi isheshise ukuhamba kwamathumbu.

Inyama enekhalori ephansi yenza le nhlanzi yamanzi ahlanzekile ibe umthombo omuhle wamaprotheni we-dieters.

Inani elikhulu le-fluorine ne-phosphorus enyameni ye-crucian carp ithinta izinqubo ze-ossification kanye nokwakheka koqweqwe lwamazinyo, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuyasiza emzimbeni okhulayo - izingane nabesifazane abalindele ukugcwaliswa emndenini nasekunceliseni ibele. I-Phosphorus kanye namavithamini B athuthukisa umsebenzi wobuchopho.

Iodine enyameni yenhlanzi isesimweni sezinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezine-bioavailability ephezulu. Ukuba khona njalo kwezitsha ze-crucian ekudleni komuntu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-gland yegilo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamahomoni e-thyroid ngobuningi obanele.

Izitsha ze-Crucian nazo zilungile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Okuqukethwe kwekhalori ephansi, amaprotheni aphelele, ukuntuleka kwama-carbohydrate, okuqukethwe kwamafutha aphansi, kanye nenani elanele le-chromium kule nhlanzi kusiza ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi futhi kwandise ukuzwela kwezicubu zesifo sikashukela ku-insulin.

Amavithamini A, C, E kanye neqembu B athinta i-metabolism emzimbeni womuntu wonke, athuthukise isimo sesikhumba, izinwele nezinzipho, andise imizwa.

Okungenzeka kube yingozi

I-Crucian carp ingabonisa noma yiziphi izici eziyingozi lapho ibanjwe emanzini amanzi ayo angcoliswe usawoti wensimbi esindayo, izibulala-zinambuzane, ama-radionuclides noma umanyolo we-organic. Ngenxa yokondleka kwezitshalo nama-plankton avela kuleli chibi nokuhlala ezindaweni ezingcolile, izinto eziningi eziyingozi emzimbeni womuntu zinqwabelana enyameni yalezi zinhlanzi, ezingabangela ukudla okunoshevu, ukudakwa, izifo zamathumbu noma izifo ze-helminthic.

Ukuze ugweme lokhu, awukwazi ukuthenga izinhlanzi ezimakethe zemvelo, emigwaqweni emikhulu noma kwezinye izindawo lapho imikhiqizo yokudla ingadluli ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kanye nokuhlanzeka.

Akunconywa ukusebenzisa i-crucian carp uma kwenzeka ukungabekezelelani komuntu ngamunye noma ukungezwani komzimba ku-crucian carp noma imikhiqizo yezinhlanzi. Inhlanzi iqukethe i-phenylalanine, ngakho-ke akuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kubantu abaphethwe yi-phenylketonuria. Amaprotheni ale nhlanzi, lapho ehlukaniswa emzimbeni womuntu, akwazi ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwezisekelo ze-purine egazini, ngakho-ke ama-crucians awanconywa ukuthi asetshenziswe iziguli ezine-gout.

Isicelo kwezokwelapha

I-Crucian carp iyinhlanzi enekhalori ephansi equkethe ama-amino acid abalulekile, amavithamini namaminerali, futhi ayibangeli ukungezwani komzimba. Ingasetshenziswa cishe kunoma yisiphi isifo:

• inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi (ithuthukisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, ijwayele ukucindezelwa kwegazi, ayithinti i-cholesterol yegazi);
• uhlelo lokugaya ukudla (lwandisa isifiso sokudla, lukhuthaza ukukhululwa kwamajusi okugaya ukudla, lukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwamaseli);
• izinso (inciphisa ukuvuvukala, ivuselela i-diuresis);
• igazi (linyusa izinga le-hemoglobin, lithuthukisa ukwakheka kwamaprotheni e-plasma).

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukusetshenziswa kwenyama yale nhlanzi kuyasiza ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamavithamini nama-amino acid abalulekile, okudingekayo ekuthuthukisweni okuvumelana kwe-fetus. Ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, ukuyidla kuthuthukisa ubisi lwebele ngamaprotheni, amavithamini namaminerali. Indlebe ye-Carp iwusizo ezinganeni ezincane ezinenkinga yokuntuleka kwesisindo nokulahlekelwa ukudla.

Izitsha ezivela kule nhlanzi zinconywa ukuthi zisetshenziswe ngesikhathi nangemva kwezifo ezinzima ezithathelwanayo kanye ne-somatic, ukuhlinzwa, nokulimala.

Indlela ukukhetha

Ungathenga iKarasey unyaka wonke, kodwa uJuni crucian uthathwa njengomnandi kakhulu. Thola ukudla izinhlanzi fresh kuphela kuyadingeka. Inketho engcono kakhulu kungaba uma inhlanzi isaphefumula, khona-ke azikho izikhalazo mayelana nokusha kwayo. Uma inhlanzi ingasakwazi ukuphefumula, ukusha kwayo kunganqunywa yizimpawu ezilandelayo:

1. Amagill kufanele abe pink noma abomvu. Amagill abuthuntu, ampunga noma aluhlaza awuphawu lokuthi inhlanzi isidala.
2. Ungqimba oluncane lwe-mucus ecacile kufanele lube khona ebusweni bomzimba.
3. Izikali ezinhlanzini kufanele ziqine, zicwebezele futhi zibambe ziqine.
4. Isisu kufanele sithambile, imbobo yokucindezela umunwe emzimbeni kufanele iphume ngokushesha.
5. Amehlo ezinhlanzi ezintsha asobala, acwebezelayo, ayi-convex.
6. Iphunga lezinhlanzi kufanele livele ezinhlanzini. Ku-crucian carp, iphunga le-tina livame ukuxutshwa naleli phunga.

Gcina inhlanzi esanda kuhlanzwa, egayiwe esiqandisini isikhathi esingekho ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezi-2. Ingase futhi iqandiswe. Emazingeni okushisa angu-18 ° C, i-crucian carp ingagcinwa kuze kube yizinyanga ezingu-6.

Isicelo sokupheka

I-Crucian carp iyinhlanzi eguquguqukayo ngezindlela zokupheka. Kuthosiwe, kubilisiwe, kuphekwe, kubhakwe, kufakwe usawoti, kufakwe emanzini, kubhenywe, omisiwe. Kumnandi nganoma yiluphi uhlobo. Omunye "kodwa!": unethambo kakhulu, ngakho inyama yakhe kufanele ihlakazwe ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile.

Ukuze esitsheni esilungiselelwe kusuka ku-crucian carp, awekho amathambo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa iqhinga elilodwa. Kubandakanya iqiniso lokuthi kuwo wonke umzimba wenhlanzi ngayinye encane ngommese kuyadingeka ukwenza ama-notches aguquguqukayo njalo ngo-0,5-1 cm (kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu bezinhlanzi).

I-Karas isitshulu kukhilimu omuncu

Kuyisidlo sakudala sokudla okulula ukusilungiselela. Ukuze uyilungiselele, uzodinga i-1 kg yenhlazi yasemfuleni, amalitha angu-0,5 kakhilimu omuncu, u-anyanisi, ulamula, ufulawa wokubhaka, amafutha emifino, usawoti kanye nezinongo ukunambitha. Hlanza izinhlanzi, amathumbu, wenze ama-notches emiphongolweni. Gcoba ngejusi kalamula ukuze ukhiphe iphunga elibi (uma likhona). Isizini ngosawoti, ufafaze. Shiya imizuzu engu-20-30. Epanini lokuthosa elishisayo elishisayo ngamafutha emifino, gazinga izinhlanzi ezingenamathambo e-breading kusuka kufulawa. Fry phezu kokushisa okuphezulu isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engu-3 ohlangothini ngalunye, ukuze ube nsundu kancane. Beka ama-crucians ebhodini lokubhaka, ugcobe ngamafutha emifino, phezulu nge-anyanisi ungqimba, uthathe izindandatho, uthele ukhilimu omuncu. Bhaka kuhhavini ngo-180 ° C imizuzu engu-20-30 kuze kube nsundu yegolide.

iziphetho

I-Crucian carp iyinhlanzi yamanzi ahlanzekile ethengekayo futhi ewusizo kakhulu engakwazi futhi kufanele ibe etafuleni ngalinye izikhathi eziningana ngesonto. Inyama yakhe iwumthombo wamaprotheni, amaminerali namavithamini asezingeni eliphezulu.

Ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekudleni kuboniswa kunoma yikuphi ubudala futhi cishe kunoma yisiphi isimo sempilo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inokuqukethwe kwekhalori ephansi, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa umzimba.

Ukuqapha kuyadingeka ukondla izingane ngale nhlanzi, njengoba inyama yayo inamathambo kakhulu. Kudingeka ukuyithola kuphela ezindaweni zokuhweba okugunyaziwe emikhiqizweni yokudla ukuze ugweme ukuthengwa kwezinhlanzi emanzini angcolile. Akunconyelwe ukusetshenziswa ne-gout.