I-tailbone (kusuka kwesiGreki kokkuk), etholakala ngaphansi kwe-sacrum, iyithambo lengxenye yokugcina yomgogodla. Kuyasiza ukuthwala isisindo somzimba.

I-tailbone ithambo engxenyeni engezansi yomgogodla. Yakha umkhawulo wayo kodwa ayiwufukameli umnkantsha. Inesimo esingunxantathu, iphuzu laso elibhekiswe phansi futhi litholakala ezingeni lendunu. Kutholakala ngaphansi kwe-sacrum, futhi kuyakhiwa nengxenye engemuva yesikhumba se-bony.

Yakhiwe ngama-vertebrae ama-coccygeal amancane amathathu kuya kwamahlanu, angavamile ahlanganiswe amalunga nemigqa. Yinsalela yomsila wezilwane ezincelisayo.

I-tailbone isekela umgogodla futhi ngaleyo ndlela inomthelela ekusekelweni kwe-axial yomzimba.

Ehlotshaniswa namathambo e-hip kanye ne-sacrum, i-coccyx nayo ihlanganisa i-pelvis enendima eyinhloko yokusekela isisindo somzimba ongaphezulu.

I-Coccyx fracture : ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngemva kokuwa kakhulu ezinqeni, kodwa kungase futhi kubangelwe ukubeletha (ukuchotshozwa ngomshini ngenxa yokudlula kwengane), isifo esenza amathambo abe buthaka (i-osteoporosis) noma ngisho nokucindezeleka kwemishini okubekwe enganeni. i-coccyx. Lokhu kuphuka kubangela kuzo zonke izimo ubuhlungu obubukhali obuphazamisa indawo yokuhlala. Ngokuvamile ukuphumula nokuthatha amaphilisi ezinhlungu kanye nezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala kwanele ukuphulukisa. Ukuphuka okubuhlungu kakhulu, kunconywa ukuba uhlale phezu komcamelo ofanelekayo njenge-buoy noma umcamelo ongenalutho. Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile kakhulu, ukuphuka kuhambisana nokuphambuka kwethambo. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele kushintshwe ukungenelela ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile.

I-Coccygodynie : ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo emathanjeni omsila, bukhula lapho uhleli noma umile (5). Izimbangela, ngokuvamile ezibuhlungu, zingaba ziningi: ukuphuka, ukuwa ngokushaqeka okukhulu, ukuhlala kabi noma isikhathi eside (isb ukushayela), ukubeletha, isifo (i-osteoporosis), umgogodla we-coccygeal, ukuguquguquka, isifo samathambo… Ucwaningo (6) futhi ikhombisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-coccygodynia nokucindezeleka. Uma ubuhlungu bungalashwa, bungase bukhubazeke ngokushesha kubantu abaphethwe yibo (ukuhlala noma ukuma kubuhlungu kakhulu).

I-Epine coccygienne : ukukhula kwethambo okukhona ekugcineni kwe-coccyx okumelela u-15% wezimo ze-coccygodynia. Umgogodla unengcindezi endaweni ehleli phansi futhi ubangele ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala kwezicubu ezingaphansi kwesikhumba.

I-Luxation coccygienne : ukuhlukaniswa okuphathelene nokuhlangana phakathi kwe-sacrum ne-coccyx noma ama-disc e-coccyx uqobo. Kuvame kakhulu (20 kuya ku-25% amacala obuhlungu be-tailbone).

Ukubalwa : kungenzeka ukuthi i-calcification encane ibonakala ku-disc phakathi kwama-vertebrae. Lokhu kuba khona kubangela ubuhlungu obungazelelwe futhi obukhulu kakhulu okwenza kube nzima ukuhlala phansi. Ukwelashwa okulwa nokuvuvukala kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kusebenza kahle.

I-cyst Pilonidal : i-subcutaneous cyst eyakha ku-inter-gluteal fold, ezingeni lokuphela kwe-coccyx. Kuwuboya obukhula ngaphansi kwesikhumba obugcina bungenwe yilesi sifo: yithumba, iphakethe lobovu. Kulezi zimo, ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka. I-pathology yokuzalwa, ithinta amadoda afika ku-75% (7). Kungabangelwa futhi ukungqubuzana kwezinwele zomphetho we-inter-gluteal obekunganela ukubhoboza isikhumba bese wakhe i-cyst. Lokhu kungachaza imvamisa yama-cyst kubantu abanezinwele ezinzima noma abakhuluphele ngokweqile.

Ukuphindeka akuvamile ngoba iphakethe elakhiwe i-cyst lisekhona ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Abantu abadala bamele inani labantu abasengozini yokuphuka kwe-coccyx ngenxa yokuthi basengozini yokuwa futhi amathambo abo anyakazeka kakhulu. Kungokufanayo nakubantu abane-osteoporosis. Ukuvimbela ukuwa akulula, kodwa kuhle ukudla ukudla okucebile nge-calcium ne-vitamin D ukuze uqinise amathambo futhi unciphise ingozi yokuphuka.

Ochwepheshe bezempilo bayeluleka ngokusebenzisa indlela enhle yokuhlala: khetha isihlalo esinethezekile lapho kungenzeka futhi ugweme ukuhlala isikhathi eside. Ukuhamba okude ngemoto akunconyiwe, kepha uma bekwenza, i-buoy noma i-cushion ekhonjiwe ingavimbela ubuhlungu. Kwabagijimi, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili nokugibela amahhashi akunconywa.

Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo: okwenziwa udokotela, kuqala kuhlanganisa ukubuza (okujwayelekile, ngezimbangela zengozi noma umlando). Kulandelwa ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kwe-coccyx (ukuhlola kanye ne-palpation) okuzoqedwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-lumbar, i-pelvis nezitho ezingezansi.

I-Radiography: indlela yezokwelapha esebenzisa ama-x-ray. I-Radiography ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwegolide okuboniswa kuzo zonke iziguli ezinobuhlungu be-tailbone. I-x-ray emile, eseceleni ithola ikakhulukazi ukuphuka.

I-Bone scintigraphy: indlela yokuthwebula ehlanganisa ukunikeza isiguli i-tracer enemisebe esabalala emzimbeni noma ezithweni ezizohlolwa. Ngakho, yisiguli “esikhipha” imisebe ezothathwa yilo mshini. I-scintigraphy yenza kube lula ukubona amathambo namalunga. Ezimweni ze-coccyx, isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ngokuhambisana ne-radiography ukuze kutholakale ukuphuka kokucindezeleka.

I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngezinhloso zokuxilonga kwenziwa kusetshenziswa idivaysi enkulu eyindilinga lapho kukhiqizwa khona amandla kazibuthe namagagasi omsakazo. Ingagqamisa ukuvuvukala kwesifunda se-coccyx noma imiphumela yokukhishwa noma ingakhipha ama-pathologies athile, isibonelo.

Ukungena: kungenziwa njengengxenye yokwelashwa kobuhlungu bethambo. Iqukethe ukujova phakathi kwama-discs we-vertebrae anesthetics yendawo kanye ne-corticosteroids. Imiphumela iyenelisa kuma-70% wamacala (2).

I-Coccygectomy: Ukuhlinzwa okususa izingxenye zethambo lomsila. Ingase inikelwe kwabanye abantu abane-coccygodynia engapheli abangafuni ukwelashwa. Imiphumela mihle futhi inhle kakhulu kuma-90% wamacala (3) kepha kukhona ubungozi bezinkinga ezifana nokutheleleka kwesilonda. Ukuthuthukiswa kuzwakala ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili noma ezintathu, noma ngisho nangaphezulu.

Umsila weqa igama lawo ngenxa yewashi le-cuckoo laseGibhithe, iClamator Glandarius, ngenxa yokufana noqhwaku lwenyoni. KwakunguHerphilus, udokotela ongumGreki owayehlala e-Aleksandriya, owametha kanjalo. UCuckoo ethi kokkyx ngesiGrikhi.