Okuqukethwe
Isifo se-Chronic obstructive pulmonary: konke mayelana ne-COPD
Igama ” izifo ezingama-pulmonary ezingapheli “Noma i-COPD isho a isethi yezinkinga zokuphefumula sína futhi angenakuhlehliswa. Eziyinhloko ziyi izifo ezingamahlalakhona ezingapheli kanye ne-emphysema. Izimpawu azivamile ukuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-XNUMX yakho.
Abantu abane-COPD khwehlela kakhulu futhi baphelelwa umoya kalula. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, imisebenzi yansuku zonke iba nzima kakhulu. Lezi kufanele zihlelwe kabusha ngokwamandla nomoya okhona.
Ukubhema isikhathi eside kubangela u-80% kuya ku-90% we-COPD. Cishe u-1 ukubhema kwabangu-5 bahlakulela i-COPD. Ukuchayeka kokuthi umsizi wesibhamu futhi ukungcola imigudu yomoya nayo ingaba negalelo. Kwesinye isikhathi imbangela ayichazeki.
izinhlobo
Imvamisa, izici zakho zombili i-bronchitis engapheli kanye ne-emphysema zitholakala kumuntu ofanayo (bona umdwebo):
- I-bronchitis engapheli. Imele amacala angama-85%. COPD. I-bronchitis kuthiwa ayimahlalakhona lapho i- ukhwehlela ube khona okungenani izinyanga ezi-3 ngonyaka, iminyaka emi-2 elandelanayo, nokuthi ayikho enye inkinga yamaphaphu (i-cystic fibrosis, isifo sofuba, njll.).
Ulwelwesi lwe-bronchi luyakhiqiza isikhwehlela ngobuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-bronchi ihlale ihlushwa ukusabela kokuvuvukalangoba baba "amakoloni" ngamabhaktheriya. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa akubhekwa njengokutheleleka, njengoba kuvame ukuqondwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuvamile, i-bronchi iyinyumba, okusho ukuthi akukho bhaktheriya futhi akukho gciwane noma enye i-micro-organism ekhona.
- I-Emphysema. I-alveoli yamaphaphu ilahlekelwa ukunwebeka, kancane kancane ikhubazeke noma iqhume. Lapho i-alveoli ibhujiswa noma ilimala, ukushintshaniswa komoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide kuba kungasebenzi kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindonga ze i-bronchi vala ekukhipheni umoya ngenxa yokuntuleka kokusekelwa okuvela ezicutshini ezizungezile. Lokhu kuvalwa kwe-bronchi ekuphelelweni kwesikhathi akuphazamisi nje kuphela air ndima. Kuphinde kubangele ukulandelwa kwenani elingavamile lomoya emaphashini.
Baqonde kangcono COPD Ngokuvamile ugqozi luyisenzakalo esisebenzayo futhi ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kuyisenzo sokwenziwa. Uma kukhona ukuvinjelwa kwe-bronchi, njengoba kunjalo ne-COPD, umzamo wokuphefumula ukhula kakhulu, njengoba ukuphefumula kuphoqeleka ukuba kusebenze. Umuzwa ufana nalowo owazwakala ngesikhathi somzamo omkhulu womzimba. Ngakho-ke isithiyo okukhulunywa ngaso senzeka lapho kuphelelwa isikhathi hhayi ngokuphefumulelwa. Uma kwenzeka kuba izifo ezingamahlalakhona ezingapheli, i-caliber ye-bronchi iyancipha ukuvuvukala, ukufihla, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ama-spasms emisipha etholakala odongeni lwe-bronchi. Uma kwenzeka kubai-emphysema, i-bronchi iyancibilika futhi ilahlekelwe ukunwebeka kwayo. I-alveoli ivuleka ngendlela engavamile; bese bengasebenzi kahle ekuhwebeni ngegesi. The amaphaphu womuntu one-bronchitis engapheli noma i-emphysema igcina iqukathe umoya omningi kunokuvamile. Nokho, lo moya awuwona owekhwalithi enhle: awuwusizi kangako umzimba ngoba unomoya-mpilo omncane futhi awunyakazi. Indima yamaphaphu ukwenza ukushintshaniswa kwegesi. Ngokuphefumula ngakunye, amaphaphu amunca umoya-mpilo futhi akhiphe isikhutha (CO2). Kumuntu one-COPD, kukhona umoya "ovalelwe" emaphashini, ongahlanganyeli kulokhu kushintshaniswa kwegesi. |
Ziyanda kaningi
ECanada, izifo ezingama-pulmonary ezingapheli akha u-4e imbangela ukufa ngemuva komdlavuza, isifo senhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi26. Ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi ngo-2013, bazovela ku-3e izinga lezimbangela zokufa. I-COPD kancane kancane iholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo ngokulayisha ngokweqile inhliziyo, okumele iphushe igazi emaphashini anesifo. E- ukubhema, i-COPD yandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Cishe i-6% yabantu baseCanada abaneminyaka engama-55 kuya kwengama-64 banayo, kanti u-7% walabo abaneminyaka engama-65 kuye kwengama-741.
Okwamanje, i izifo ezingamahlalakhona ezingapheli futhi i-emphysema kuthinta kokubili amadoda nabesifazane.
Evolution
Ngisho nangaphambi kokuqala izimpawu avele (ngokuvamile ukukhwehlela), umonakalo ku amaphaphu sezivele zimi kahle futhi azinakubuyela emuva. Kuleli qophelo, ukuyeka ukuchayeka ezintweni ezicasulayo, njengentuthu kagwayi, kusazuzisa kakhulu. Ukuqhubekela phambili kwalesi sifo bese kuncipha.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i- ukhwehlela kuba okuvame kakhulu, njengoba kwenza imikhuhlane eyingozi kanye ne-bronchitis. Isikhwehlela siningi kakhulu. I ukuphefumula kuba nzima nakakhulu phakathi nemizamo enzima. Umuntu uvame ukunganyakazi. Esigabeni esithile, lesi sifo sibangelaukuphefumula ngomzamo omncane womzimba, bese kuthi uphumule. Izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu ngezikhathi zentuthu, izifo ezivamile noma ukuchayeka ezintweni ezicasula imigudu yokuphefumula. Ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka.
Kubalulekile ukuphatha kahle ukuqulekaukukhuphuka izimpawu, okungase kwandise ukucekelwa phansi kwezicubu zamaphaphu ezintekenteke.
Ukukhathala, ubuhlungu ngokwengqondo kanye nokuzihlukanisa kuwubunzima abavame ukuhlangana nabo abantu abanalesi sifo esithena amandla. a ukuqothuka kungenzeka esigabeni esiphezulu sesifo, ngoba umsebenzi wokuphefumula ufana nomkhuba wokuzikhandla ngokomzimba okuqinile nokuqhubekayo.
Njengamanje, odokotela bakhathazekile ngokuthi i-COPD ivame ukutholakala sekwephuze kakhulu, okukhawulela ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa.