I-CECOS, noma iCentre for Study and Conservation of Eggs and Human Sperm, ayinakuncishiselwa ebhange lesidoda elilula. Futhi ngesizathu esizwakalayo: bangabadlali ababalulekile ekukhiqizweni okusizwa ngokwezokwelapha nabanikeli, umnikelo we-gamete nokulondolozwa kokuzala. Emuva kulezi zakhiwo ezibalulekile endaweni yezokwelapha yaseFrance.

Kwaziwa kangcono yisifinyezo se-CECOS, iZikhungo Zokufunda Nokulondolozwa Kwamaqanda Abantu Nesidoda yizona kuphela izikhungo ezigunyazwe ukuqoqa nokugcina ama-gametes anikelwe eFrance. Uma kwesinye isikhathi sijwayele ukuwafaka emabhange wesidoda alula, empeleni i-CECOS inendima enkulu kakhulu engayidlala ekuzaleni okusizwa ngokwelashwa (i-MAP noma i-MAP) ngomnikelo. Uma ufisa ukunikela ngesidoda noma ama-oocyte (noma imbungu uma kwenzeka kwenzeka i-IVF yangaphambilini), uma usesimweni sokungabi nenzalo futhi ucabangela i-AMP ngomnikelo, uma isimo sakho sempilo sivuma ukulondolozwa kokuzala kwakho, amaqembu e-CECOS ube phakathi kwabakhulumayo.

Amabhange wesidoda okuqala avela eFrance ekuqaleni kwawo-1970 ezikhungweni ezimbili zezempilo eParis. Ngaleso sikhathi, imithi yokuzala kanye nokuphathwa kokuzala kwakuyizinsana zabo, ngakho-ke lezi zinhlaka zombili zazisebenza ngezindlela ezihluke ngokuphelele:

Umnikelo wesidoda okhokhelwayo

Eyokuqala yadalwa esibhedlela iNecker, ngudokotela wezifo zabesifazane u-Albert Netter, futhi isebenza ngesisekelo somnikelo wesidoda okhokhelwayo. Inhloso: ukukhuthaza umnikelo phakathi kwezinsizwa ukuze kuvunyelwe ikhwalithi ephezulu. Lo modeli, osavamile emazweni amaningi e-European Union ikakhulukazi, selokhu washiywa eFrance.

Ukulondolozwa kwesidoda socwaningo

Owesibili utshalwe esibhedlela saseBicêtre nguSolwazi George David. Inhloso yalo: “ukutadisha isidoda esivamile nesokugula kanye nokongiwa kwesidoda okuhloswe ngaso ukucwaninga nokwelashwa.” Uma amagama engacacile ngamabomu, kungenxa yokuthi ubudlelwane phakathi kwabaholi bephrojekthi neziphathimandla zokuphatha (kubandakanya noMnyango Wezempilo) abunankinga. Enhliziyweni yokungezwani kwabo: i-IAD (ukufakelwa isidoda okufakelwayo nomnikeli), ngaleso sikhathi yayinempikiswano enkulu ngenxa yemibuzo yokuziphatha eyaphakamayo ikakhulukazi ngokuhlangana.

Ukwenza i-ADI ibe semthethweni futhi ekugcineni kukhuthazwe ukuphathwa kokuzala kwabesilisa, kwathathwa isinqumo sokuthi umnikelo, owenziwe loluhlaka, uzosuselwa ezimisweni ezintathu ezisemqoka ezisasebenza nanamuhla: mahhala, ukungaziwa nokuzinikela. Ngasikhathi sinye izingxoxo noMnyango Wezempilo ziyaqhubeka ngaphansi kobuholi bukaSimone Veil, obeka imibandela yokuvulwa kwe-CECOS eBicêtre.

Njengoba kwenzeka:

• ukusungulwa kufanele kube yinhlangano (umthetho wezomthetho 1901), ukuze kudedelwe umthwalo wabaphathi besibhedlela,
• abaphathi bayo kumele baphendule ebhodini labaqondisi nakwezesayensi ukwakheka kwabo okuhlukahlukene (ukumelwa kweziphathimandla zokuphatha, ukuhleleka kodokotela, ongoti…) kanye nokumelela imibono ehlukene yesayensi (ngaleso sikhathi abasekeli nabaphikisi be-IAD),
• Leli bhodi lezokuphatha nezesayensi kumele liholwa ngumuntu wezokwelapha ohlinzeka ukusekelwa komuntu siqu ngemikhuba yesikhungo (uRobert Debré esimweni se-CECOS ye-CHU de Bicêtre).

Yile ndlela i-CECOS yokuqala eyazalwa ngayo ngokusemthethweni ngoFebhuwari 9, 1973 (usuku eyakhishwa ngalo kwi-Official Journal). Eminyakeni eyalandela, kwasungulwa izikhungo ezintsha ezingamashumi amabili ezintsha zokuFunda nokuLondolozwa kwamaqanda abantu nesidoda kumodeli efanayo. Namuhla kunezikhungo ezingama-31 zalezi zindawo eFrance. Ku-2006, kwaqagelwa ukuthi i-CECOS ibibambe iqhaza cishe ekuzalweni okungama-50.

I-CECOS inomsebenzi obili:

Pphatha ukungazali

Noma ngabe kungowesifazane, owesilisa noma oxhumene nokucacile kombhangqwana, lapho kudinga ukunikelwa komuntu wesithathu.

Pgcina ukuzala kwesiguli

Kule ndawo, amaCecos angenelela kuqala ukuvumela ukunqotshwa (ukuqandisa) kwama-gametes eziguli ezinesifo esingalashwa kungathinta ukuzala kwazo (njengabantu abanomdlavuza abadinga ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali). Kepha indima yabo futhi ukukhulisa amathuba okukhulelwa okwalandela kweziguli esezivele zathola usizo ekuzaleni okusizwe ngokwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, imibhangqwana ehlomula ngemibungu engaphezu kwamanani alandela i-IVF ingahlinzekwa ukuyigcina ku-CECOS kusalindwe ukukhulelwa okulandelayo noma ukunikelwa kombungu.

Ukuthunywa okuhlukile kwe-CECOS

Ukuze usebenze ngale ndlela, i-CECOS inezinkonzo eziningi:

• ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezokwelapha nobuchwepheshe kumibhangqwana engazaliyo edinga umnikelo,
• gada futhi uhlele umnikelo wama-gametes (umnikelo wesidoda, umnikelo we-oocyte) nomnikelo wombungu,
• zisekela iziguli, ngaphambi komnikelo we-gamete, ngesikhathi senqubo, kodwa futhi nangemva kwalokho. Kwesinye isikhathi akwaziwa kangako, kepha kungaxhunyanwa nabasebenzi be-CECOS uma abazali noma umuntu ozalwe ngomnikelo efisa, ebuntwaneni noma ebudaleni.
• vumela ukuzilondolozela kwama-gametes uma kwenzeka ukugula futhi kuqwashise iziguli nababambiqhaza (odokotela, izinhlangano zeziguli, njll.)
• vumela ukuhlukaniswa kwemibungu engaphezu kwamanani ngenxa ye-IVF,
• bahlanganyele ocwaningweni emkhakheni wokuzala, balethe ubuchwepheshe babo ekucabangeni ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe neyomphakathi engayithonya.
• babambe iqhaza emikhankasweni yokukhuthaza umnikelo we-gamete ohlelwe yi-Biomedicine Agency.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe kokubili ukulondolozwa kokuzala kanye nokuphathwa kokuzala, i-CECOS ngayinye itholakala esikhungweni sesibhedlela saseyunivesithi futhi iqukethe:

• iqembu lezokwelapha elihlukahlukene (odokotela, izazi zezinto eziphilayo, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nodokotela bengqondo, izazi zofuzo, ochwepheshe, njll.)
• ipulatifomu ye-cryobiology evumela ukongiwa kwama-gametes. Kusukela ngo-1981, i-CECOS nayo ibumbene kumfelandawonye, ​​ukuze ivumelanise imikhuba ezindabeni zokuzala kanye nomnikelo, ukukhuthaza ukunakekelwa kweziguli nokuhwebelana phakathi kwezikhungo. Kuze kube manje, umfelandawonye uhlelwe waba amakhomishini (izakhi zofuzo, ezengqondo nezengqondo, ezokuziphatha, ezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe) ezihlangana okungenani kabili ngonyaka.

I-Cecos, manje eseyingxenye yosizo lwezibhedlela zomphakathi, izinhlaka ezihlukile ezinikeze inqubekela phambili ebonakalayo endaweni yokuzala iminyaka engama-50. Sithola phakathi kwempumelelo yabo:

• Ukuthuthukiswa okuhle komnikelo we-gamete eFrance. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kobuholi be-CECOS ne-Biomedicine Agency, abanikeli be-gamete baya ngokuya beba baningi (abanikeli besidoda abangama-404 ngonyaka ka-2017 uma kuqhathaniswa nabangu-268 ngo-2013, iminikelo engama-756 yama-oocyte ngo-2017 ibhekene nabangu-454 ngo-2013). Ngo-2017, ukuzalwa okungu-1282 nakho kungenzeka ngenxa yomnikelo.
• Ukwesekwa kweziguli ekulondolozeni ukuzala kwazo, obekubandakanya abantu abangama-7474 eFrance ngo-2017
• Ukwenza ngcono uhlaka lwezomthetho lwe-MPA eFrance. Ngempela, ngokwengxenye kubonga imithetho yokuziphatha kanye nezinqubo zokuhlola ezenziwa yi-CECOS ukuthi isishayamthetho sikwazile ukwenza ngokusemthethweni nokuvuselela imithetho ye-bioethics.

AmaCecos asatshalaliswa kulo lonke elaseFrance ukuze kube lula ukufinyelela ezigulini. Unganqikazi ukubheka umkhombandlela wezikhungo.

Qaphela kepha:

• Uma usuvele ulandelwa emnyangweni we-ART noma we-oncology (umuntu omdala noma ingane), uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo okulandelayo uzokuxhumanisa nabasebenzi be-CECOS.
• Uma ufisa ukunikela ngama-gametes, ungangabazi ukuxhumana nensizakalo ezinikele ku-CECOS esondele kakhulu kuwe ngqo.