Ukunakekela ama-strawberries ekwindla

Konke ukunakekela ama-strawberry (ama-strawberries asengadini) kubahlali basehlobo behlela emsebenzini wasentwasahlobo - bawahlanza emaqabunga amadala, bawanisele, bawafunze, bese bewavuna futhi ... bakhohlwe ngensimu kuze kufike intwasahlobo elandelayo. Abalimi asebethuthukile banakekela ukutshala ehlobo nasehlobo – bayakunisela futhi, omunye usika amaqabunga, kube kanjalo. Kubi lokho! Ekwindla, ama-strawberries nawo adinga ukunakwa okuseduze.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko womsebenzi wasekwindla ukuhlinzeka ngama-strawberries ngezimo zobusika obuhle. Kodwa lapha kubalulekile ukuthi ungadluli, ngoba ukunakekelwa ngokweqile kungadlala ihlaya elinonya.

Ukondla ama-strawberries ekwindla

Ekwindla, umanyolo we-phosphorus ne-potash ngokuvamile usetshenziswa engadini nasengadini, futhi ama-strawberries nawo awahlukile. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-potassium inomphumela omubi kakhulu kwikhwalithi yamajikijolo: aba namanzi, abamuncu noma awanambitheki. Kodwa i-phosphorus, ngokuphambene nalokho, ibenza baminyene futhi babe mnandi. Ngakho-ke, i-phosphorus ihlale inikela kakhulu, futhi i-potassium encane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga okuvundisa ekwindla (ngo-1 sq. m.) ancike eminyakeni yokutshala (1) (2).

Ngaphambi kokufika (maphakathi no-Agasti) yenza:

• humus noma umquba - 4 kg (1/2 ibhakede);
• idwala le-phosphate - 100 g (izipuni ezi-4) noma i-superphosphate ephindwe kabili - 60 g (izipuni ezi-4);
• potassium sulfate - 50 g (2,5 wezipuni).

Wonke lawa ma-fertilizer kufanele ahlakazeke ngokulinganayo phezu kwesayithi futhi ambe phezu kwe-bayonet yefosholo.

Ngemuva kokugcwalisa indawo enjalo ngonyaka wesi-2 nowesithathu, akudingekile ukufaka umquba - noma ekwindla, noma entwasahlobo, noma ehlobo.

Ngonyaka wesi-3 (maphakathi no-Okthoba) wama-strawberries, udinga ukwengeza:

• humus noma umquba - 2 kg (1/4 ibhakede);
• i-superphosphate ephindwe kabili - 100 g (1/2 indebe);
• i-potassium sulfate - 20 g (isipuni esingu-1).

Onyakeni wesi-4 (maphakathi no-Okthoba):

• i-superphosphate ephindwe kabili - 100 g (1/2 indebe);
• potassium sulfate - 12 g (2 amathisipuni).

Ezimweni ezimbili zokugcina, umanyolo kufanele uhlakazeke ngokulinganayo phakathi kwemigqa futhi ufakwe emhlabathini nge-rake.

Ngonyaka wesi-5 wokuphila, isivuno sama-strawberries siwela kakhulu, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokusikhulisa - udinga ukubeka ipulazi elisha.

Ukuthena ama-strawberries ekwindla

Izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo zithanda ukusika amaqabunga ama-strawberry. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ekuqaleni kuka-August. Futhi kakhulu ize.

Iqiniso liwukuthi ama-strawberries akhula amaqabunga kathathu ngesizini ngayinye (1):

• ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lifinyelela ku-5 - 7 ° C - lawa maqabunga aphila izinsuku ezingama-30 - 70, emva kwalokho ayafa;
• ehlobo, ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna - nazo ziphila izinsuku ezingu-30 - 70 futhi ziyafa;
• ekwindla, kusukela ekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba - lawa maqabunga ahamba ngaphambi kobusika.

Ngakho-ke, amaqabunga entwasahlobo nehlobo akha ungqimba oluhle lwe-mulch yemvelo ekwindla, ezovikela izimpande ekuqandisweni uma kuqala ubusika kubanda kodwa kungabi neqhwa. Uma uzisika ngo-Agasti, ngeke ube nesivikelo esisele futhi izitshalo zingafa.

Ngesizathu esifanayo, akunconywa ukukhipha amaqabunga omile esitshalweni ekwindla - kufanele ahlale kuze kube yintwasahlobo. Kodwa entwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa likhula, kufanele zisuswe, ngoba ziyindawo yokuzalela izifo. Nokho, ungakwazi, vele, ukususa amaqabunga kanye semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla sitrobheli plantings nge 10 cm Peat, kodwa lezi izindleko ezengeziwe zabasebenzi, isikhathi kanye nemali.

Kodwa okufanele ngempela ukwenza ekwindla ukugunda amadevu akho uma ungakwenzanga ehlobo. Ngoba umkhuba ubonise ukuthi zinciphisa kakhulu isitshalo sikamama, zinciphisa ukuqina kwebusika kanye nesivuno (1).

Ukucubungula ama-strawberries ekwindla kusuka ezifweni nasezilokazaneni

Ezifweni. Zonke izifo zokwelapha izifo zivame ukwenziwa ngemva kokuqhakaza (3). Okungukuthi, ama-strawberries avamile ngendlela enhle kwakudingeka acutshungulwe ehlobo. Kodwa ama-strawberries aqala ukuthela izithelo kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile, ngakho-ke ukulwa nezifo kushintshelwa ku-Okthoba. Ngalesi sikhathi, insimu kufanele ibulawe amagciwane nge-Bordeaux liquid (1%) - 1 ilitha ku-1 sq. m (4). Kodwa-ke, uma kungekho okwenziwa ngama-strawberries ajwayelekile, ungawafafaza futhi.

Ukwelashwa kwesibili kufanele kwenziwe entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza - kanye ne-Bordeaux liquid enezinga elifanayo lokusetshenziswa.

Kusuka ezinambuzaneni. Akunangqondo ukulwa nezinambuzane ekwindla ngosizo lwamakhemikhali - asevele efihlekile emhlabathini ebusika. Zonke izindlela zokwelapha kufanele zenziwe ngesikhathi sokukhula.

Ukumba ekwindla kwezikhala zemigqa kuze kufike ku-15 cm ukujula kunganciphisa inani lezinambuzane - uma amagaqa enganqamuki, izinambuzane nezibungu zizozithola zikuzo bese ziqhwanda ebusika. Kodwa lapha kuphakama enye inkinga - ngeke kube nokuvikelwa ngendlela ye-mulch endaweni yokutshala, futhi hhayi izinambuzane kuphela, kodwa nama-strawberries ngokwawo azofa ebusika obubandayo obungenaqhwa. Futhi uma isayithi limbozwe nge-mulch, khona-ke izinambuzane zizodlula ubusika ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Ukulungiselela ama-Strawberry ebusika

Ngesizathu esithile, izakhamuzi zasehlobo zithola umuzwa wokuthi ama-strawberries aqinile kakhulu ebusika, kodwa lokhu kuyinganekwane. Izimpande zakhe ziyafa ngokuncipha kwesikhathi esifushane (!) kwezinga lokushisa lomhlabathi liye ku -8 ° С (1) (5). Futhi amaqabunga nezimpondo zasebusika (izitshalo ezimfushane zonyaka wamanje, lapho kubekwe khona izimbali) zonakaliswe kakhulu kakade ezingeni lokushisa -10 ° C, futhi ngo -15 ° C zifa ngokuphelele (1).

Umangele? Awukholwa? Ngitshele, konke lokhu kuyimbudane, ngoba ama-strawberries akhula ngisho naseNyakatho naseSiberia!? Yebo, liyakhula. Uyazi ukuthi kungani? Kuneqhwa eliningi lapho. Futhi uyisivikelo esingcono kakhulu emakhazeni. Emazingeni eqhwa afinyelela ku-20 cm ukuphakama, lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa esifinyelela ku -30 - 35 ° C (1).

Ngakho-ke, into esemqoka okudingeka yenziwe ekwindla ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kweqhwa. Indlela elula iwukulahla i-brushwood endaweni yokutshala. Ayiqedi futhi ayivumeli umoya ukuthi ushanele iqhwa endaweni.

Enye inketho enhle ukumboza imibhede nge-spruce noma amagatsha kaphayini (5). Mhlawumbe ngisho ungqimba obukhulu. Bona ngokwabo bavikela isithwathwa, ngoba ungqimba lomoya lwakha ngaphansi kwabo, okuvimbela inhlabathi ekuqandeni kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahle kakhulu ekubambeni iqhwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izitshalo ezingaphansi kwazo azifi. Kodwa ukubathola kunzima.

Kwesinye isikhathi kuyelulekwa ukuthi umboze ama-strawberries ngamaqabunga omile, kepha lokhu kuyindlela eyingozi. Yebo, bazovikela ukutshala emakhazeni, kodwa entwasahlobo bangaba yinkinga - uma bengasuswa ngesikhathi, ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa lincibilika, izitshalo zingomisa futhi zife. Kuhle ukumboza ngamahlamvu uma uhlala endlini yasemaphandleni - ungahlala ubamba isikhathi esifanele, kodwa kubahlali basehlobo ngempelasonto, ikakhulukazi uma bevula isizini ngo-Ephreli, kungcono ukungasebenzisi le ndlela - ingafudumala. Mashi naphakathi nesonto, futhi ama-strawberries angathinteka kakhulu ngokoqobo ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-3.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Sikhulume ngezici zokunakekelwa kwe-autumn sitrobheli nge isazi sezolimo namahlathi uSvetlana Mikhailova.

Imithombo ye

1. Burmistrov AD Berry izitshalo // Leningrad, indlu yokushicilela "Kolos", 1972 - 384 p.
2. I-Rubin SS Umanyolo wezitshalo zezithelo namajikijolo // M., "Kolos", 1974 - 224 p.
3. I-Grebenshchikov SK Reference manual yokuvikela izitshalo kubalimi nabalimi (uhlelo lwesibili, olubuyekeziwe nolwengeziwe) / M .: Rosagropromizdat, 2 - 1991 p.
4. Ikhathalogi yesifundazwe yezibulala-zinambuzane namakhemikhali ezolimo avunyelwe ukuthi asetshenziswe endaweni ye-Federation kusukela ngomhla ka-6 Julayi 2021 // Umnyango Wezolimo Wenhlangano https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/imboni-ulwazi/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/
5. I-Korovin AI, i-Korovina NGEsimo sezulu, ingadi nengadi ye-amateur // L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1990 - 232 p.