Ukuvimbela umdlavuza ekhaya
Sidlani futhi kanjani? Ingabe sinemikhuba emibi? Kukangaki sigula, sinovalo, noma sishiswe ilanga? Iningi lethu alicabangi ngale mibuzo neminye. Kodwa isithombe esingalungile singaholela emdlavuza

Namuhla, ukufa kwabantu ngenxa yomdlavuza kukleliswe endaweni yesithathu ngemva kwezifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ochwepheshe bayaqaphela ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuzivikela ezifweni ze-oncological ngo-100%, kodwa kungenzeka ukunciphisa amathuba okuthuthukisa ezinye zezinhlobo zayo.

Ukuvimbela umdlavuza ekhaya

Nakuba amazwe omhlaba echitha izindodla zemali ekutholeni ikhambi, odokotela bathi abantu abakabi nolwazi oluncane ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela umdlavuza. Abaningi banesiqiniseko sokuthi umuthi awunawo amandla phambi kwe-oncology futhi okusele ukuthandazela ukuthi lesi sifo esibulalayo sidlule. Kodwa ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo esibi ekhaya, odokotela bathi, ezimweni eziningi kungenzeka. Kwanele ukuthi ungabhemi, uqaphe isisindo sakho, udle ngendlela efanele, uphile ngendlela enempilo futhi uhlolwe njalo.

Izinhlobo zomdlavuza

Ngokwe-Histologically, izimila zihlukaniswe zibe zinhle futhi ziyingozi.

Ama-neoplasms amahle. Zikhula kancane, zizungezwe i-capsule noma igobolondo lazo, elingazivumeli ukuthi zikhule zibe ezinye izitho, kodwa zivele zizihlukanise. Amangqamuzana ama-benign neoplasms afana nezicubu ezinempilo futhi awalokothi ametastaze kuma-lymph nodes, okusho ukuthi awakwazi ukubangela ukufa kwesiguli. Uma isimila esinjalo sisuswa ngokuhlinzwa, khona-ke ngeke sikwazi ukukhula endaweni efanayo futhi, ngaphandle kwezimo zokususwa okungaphelele.

Ama-Benign tumors afaka:

  • i-fibromas - kusuka kuzicubu ezixhumene;
  • i-adenoma - kusuka ku-epithelium ye-gland;
  • i-lipomas (wen) - kusuka kuzicubu ze-adipose;
  • i-leiomyomas - kusuka kuzicubu zemisipha ebushelelezi, isibonelo, i-leiomyoma yesibeletho;
  • i-osteoma - kusuka emathanjeni amathambo;
  • i-chondromas - kusuka kuzicubu ze-cartilaginous;
  • i-lymphomas - kusuka kuzicubu ze-lymphoid;
  • i-rhabdomyomas - kusuka emisipha ethintekile;
  • i-neuromas - kusuka kuzicubu zezinzwa;
  • i-hemangiomas - kusuka emithanjeni yegazi.

Izimila eziyingozi zingakheka kunoma yisiphi izicubu futhi zihluke kumathumba amahle ngokukhula ngokushesha. Azinayo i-capsule yazo futhi zikhula kalula zibe izitho nezicubu ezingomakhelwane. I-Metastase isakazeka kuma-lymph nodes nezinye izitho, ezingaba yingozi.

Izimila ezimbi zihlukaniswa zibe:

  • i-carcinomas (umdlavuza) - kusuka kuzicubu ze-epithelial, njengomdlavuza wesikhumba noma i-melanoma;
  • i-osteosarcoma - kusukela ku-periosteum, lapho kukhona izicubu ezixhumene;
  • i-chondrosarcoma - kusuka kuzicubu ze-cartilaginous;
  • i-angiosarcoma - izicubu ezixhumene nemithambo yegazi;
  • i-lymphosarcoma - izicubu ze-lymphoid;
  • i-rhabdomyosarcoma - kusuka emisipha ye-skeletal striated;
  • i-leukemia (i-leukemia) - izicubu ze-hematopoietic;
  • i-blastomas kanye ne-neuromas eyingozi - kusukela kuzicubu ezixhumeneyo zesimiso sezinzwa.

Odokotela bahlukanisa izimila zobuchopho zibe yiqembu elihlukile, ngoba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isakhiwo se-histological nezici, ngenxa yendawo yazo, ngokuzenzekelayo zibhekwa njengeziyingozi.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-neoplasms ezimbi, izinhlobo ezingu-12 zazo zivame kakhulu eRussia, okuyi-70% yazo zonke izimo zomdlavuza ezweni. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza azisho obulala kakhulu.

Ama-neoplasms ayingozi kakhulu afaka:

  • umdlavuza we-pancreas;
  • umdlavuza wesibindi;
  • i-esophageal carcinoma;
  • umdlavuza wesisu;
  • umdlavuza wekoloni;
  • umdlavuza wamaphaphu, uqhoqhoqho kanye ne-bronchi.

Izimila eziyingozi ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

  • umdlavuza wesikhumba;
  • umdlavuza wezinso;
  • umdlavuza we-thyroid;
  • i-lymphoma;
  • i-leukemia;
  • umdlavuza webele;
  • umdlavuza wendlala yesinye;
  • umdlavuza wesinye.

Iseluleko sodokotela mayelana nokuvimbela umdlavuza

- Ku-oncology, kunezinhlobo eziyinhloko, zesibili neziphakeme zokuvimbela, kuchaza i-oncologist Roman Temnikov. - I-block eyinhloko ihloselwe ukuqeda izici ezibangela umdlavuza. Unganciphisa ingozi yama-neoplasms ngokulandela uhlelo lomuthi, ukunamathela endleleni yokuphila enempilo ngaphandle kokubhema notshwala, ukudla ngendlela efanele, ukuqinisa isimiso sezinzwa, nokugwema izifo nama-carcinogens nokuchayeka kakhulu elangeni.

Ukuvimbela okwesibili kuhlanganisa ukutholwa kwama-neoplasms kusenesikhathi kanye nezifo ezingaholela ekukhuleni kwawo. Kulesi sigaba, kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu abe nombono mayelana nezifo ze-oncological futhi azihlole njalo. Ukuhlolwa okufika ngesikhathi udokotela kanye nokuqaliswa kwezincomo zakhe kusiza ukukhomba ama-pathologies. Khumbula ukuthi nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezishaqisayo, udinga ukubonana nochwepheshe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukuvimbela emazingeni aphezulu wukuqapha okugcwele kwalabo asebenomlando womdlavuza. Into esemqoka lapha ukuvimbela ukuphindaphinda kanye nokwakheka kwama-metastases.

“Ngisho noma isiguli seselaphekile ngokuphelele, ingozi yokuphinde iphathwe umdlavuza ayishiywa ngaphandle,” kuqhubeka uRoman Alexandrovich. - Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuvakashela i-oncologist njalo futhi wenze lonke uhla lwezifundo ezidingekayo. Abantu abanjalo kufanele banake ikakhulukazi impilo yabo, bagweme noma yiziphi izifo, baphile ngendlela enempilo, badle ngendlela efanele, bangafaki konke ukuthintana nezinto eziyingozi futhi, yiqiniso, balandele ngokuqinile izincomo zikadokotela okhona.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Ubani osengcupheni enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza?
Ngokwezifundo zomhlaba wonke, kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ingxenye yomdlavuza inyuke ngengxenye yesithathu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingozi yokuthola umdlavuza iphezulu kakhulu. Umbuzo uthi lokhu kuzokwenzeka nini - ebusheni, ekugugeni noma ekugugeni ngokwedlulele.

Ngokwe-WHO, ukubhema kuyimbangela evame kakhulu yomdlavuza namuhla. Cishe u-70% womdlavuza wamaphaphu emhlabeni wonke awushintshile ngenxa yalo mkhuba oyingozi. Isizathu sisebuthi obuyingozi kakhulu obukhishwa phakathi nokubola kwamahlamvu kagwayi. Lezi zinto azigcini nje ngokuphazamisa uhlelo lokuphefumula, kodwa futhi zandisa ukukhula kwama-neoplasms ayingozi.

Ezinye izimbangela zihlanganisa amagciwane e-hepatitis B no-C kanye namanye ama-human papillomavirus. Ngokwezibalo, zenza u-20% wazo zonke izifo zomdlavuza.

Enye i-7-10% yokuthambekela kulesi sifo izuzwa njengefa.

Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni kodokotela, izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezitholwe zivame kakhulu, lapho i-neoplasm ibangelwa umthelela omubi wezinto zangaphandle: ubuthi noma amagciwane abangela ukuguqulwa kwamaseli.

Eqenjini elinemibandela lengozi yomdlavuza:

● abasebenzi ezimbonini eziyingozi ezihlobene nezinto ezinobuthi noma imisebe;

● izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni amakhulu anezimo zemvelo ezimbi;

● ababhemayo nabasebenzisa kabi utshwala;

● labo abathole umthamo omkhulu wemisebe;

● abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60;

● abathandi bokudla okungenamsoco nokunamafutha;

● abantu abanokuthambekela kofuzo lomdlavuza noma ngemva kokucindezeleka okukhulu.

Abantu abanjalo badinga ukunaka ikakhulukazi impilo yabo futhi bavakashele i-oncologist njalo.

Ingabe kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukushukwa kwemibhede nokuchayeka elangeni kungadala umdlavuza?

Yebo kunjalo. Ukuchayeka elangeni kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwe-melanoma, uhlobo lomdlavuza olunolaka noluvamile olukhula ngokushesha.

Ukushiswa yilanga empeleni kuwukusabela kokuvikela ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet. Ukuchayeka emisebeni ye-UV-A ne-UV-B eyingozi kubangela ukusha, kusheshisa inqubo yokuguga kwesikhumba futhi kwandisa ingozi yokuba ne-melanoma.

Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet, kanye nemisebe enamandla nakakhulu, nayo isetshenziswa kuma-solariums. Kwamanye ama-salon, izibani zinamandla kangangokuthi imisebe evela kuzo iyingozi kakhulu kunokuba ngaphansi kwelanga emini. Ungathola i-vitamin D ekuhambeni okuvamile kwasehlobo ngisho nasemthunzini, futhi ebusika ngenxa yokudla okulungile. I-tan enhle, kusukela ogwini noma e-solarium ayinampilo kakhulu.

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