I-corpus callosum iyisakhiwo esitholakala ngaphakathi kobuchopho futhi sixhuma ama-hemispheres amabili angakwesokunxele nangakwesokudla.

Isikhundla. I-corpus callosum iyindawo enkulu yokuhlangana phakathi kwe-hemispheres yesokunxele nesokudla yobuchopho (1). Itholakala phakathi nendawo futhi ibheke phansi kwe-hemispheres emibili. Ubuso obungaphezulu be-corpus callosum buthintana nama-hemispheres.

Ukwakheka. I-corpus callosum emise okwe-arch iyinqwaba eyakhiwe isilinganiso semicu yezinzwa eyizigidi ezingu-200. Le micu ikhula ngendaba emhlophe yamalobe ahlukene noma izindawo ze-hemispheres.

I-corpus callosum yakhiwe ngezindawo ezine ezihlukile, okuyizo, ukusuka phambili kuya emuva (1):

• I-rostrum, noma uqhwaku, oluxhuma izimbobo zangaphambili kwesokunxele nesokudla;
• Idolo, elixhuma i-parietal lobes yesokunxele nesokudla;
• I-trunk, ehlanganisa i-lobes yesikhashana yesokunxele nesokudla;
• Futhi i-selenium, ehlanganisa i-occipital lobes yesokunxele nesokudla.

I-Vascularization. I-corpus callosum inikezwa imithambo yobuchopho emibili yangaphambili, ngaphandle kwe-splenium. Lesi sakamuva senziwe ngokwengxenye yi-vascularized ngamagatsha omgogodla we-cerebral wangemuva (1).

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-hemispheres amabili. I-corpus callosum idlala indima ebalulekile ekudluliseni ulwazi phakathi kwe-hemispheres yesokunxele nesokudla yobuchopho. Ngakho-ke lokhu kuxhumana kuvumela ukuhlotshaniswa kwama-hemispheres amabili, ukuchazwa kolwazi kanye nesenzo ngokufanele (1).

Ingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, i-corpus callosum ingaba indawo ye-pathologies eminingi, izimbangela zazo ezingase zibe ukuvuvukala, ezithathelwanayo, isisulu, i-vascular, imvelaphi ehlukumezayo noma ingase ihlotshaniswe nokungajwayelekile.

I-Agenesis ye-corpus callosum. I-corpus callosum ingaba yindawo yokukhubazeka, okunye okuvame kakhulu kuyi-agenesis.

Ukuhlukumezeka kwekhanda. Ihambisana nokushaqeka kogebhezi lwekhanda okungadala ukulimala kwengqondo. (2) Lezi zilonda zingaba imivimbo, okungukuthi izilonda ezihlehlayo, noma ukuqubuka, izilonda ezingalungiseki (3).

Isifo sohlangothi. Ingozi ye-Cerebrovascular, noma i-stroke, ibonakala ngokuvinjelwa, njengokwakheka kwamahlule egazi noma ukuphuka komkhumbi wegazi ebuchosheni. (4) Le pathology ingaba nomthelela emisebenzini ye-corpus callosum.

Izicubu zobuchopho. Izimila ezinhle noma ezimbi zingakhula ku-corpus callosum. (5)

I-Multiple sclerosis. Lesi sifo siyisifo esizimele sohlelo oluphakathi lwezinzwa. Amasosha omzimba ahlasela i-myelin, umgogodla ozungeze imicu yezinzwa, obangela ukusabela kokuvuvukala. (6)

Izidakamizwa zokwelapha. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholakele, izindlela ezithile zokwelashwa zingabekwa njengezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala.

I-Thrombolyse. Isetshenziswa ngesikhathi semivimbo, le ndlela yokwelashwa iqukethe ukuqaqa i-thrombi, noma amahlule egazi, ngosizo lwezidakamizwa. (4)

Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-pathology olutholakele, kungahlinzwa.

I-Chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy. Ngokuya ngesigaba sesimila, lezi zindlela zokwelashwa zingasetshenziswa.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuze kugcinwe futhi kuhlolwe izimpawu ezibonwa yisiguli.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha. Ukuze kuhlolwe ukulimala kobuchopho, i-CT scan yobuchopho nomgogodla noma i-MRI yobuchopho ingenziwa ikakhulukazi.

I-Biopsy. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuqukethe isampula lamaseli.

I-Lumbar puncture. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvumela uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal ukuthi luhlaziywe.

Umsebenzi we-corpus callosum wembulwa ngeminyaka yama-50s ngenxa yomsebenzi kaRonald Myers noRoger Sperry eCalifornia Institute of Technology (7). Izifundo zabo esigabeni se-corpus callosum emakati azivezanga mphumela ekuziphatheni ngenkathi ubuhlakani bokufunda nokubona kubonakala kushintshile (1).