I-Cacosmia wukuphazamiseka kwephunga okuchazwa ukubona iphunga elingemnandi noma elibi ngaphandle kokuba kube khona iphunga elinjalo endaweni yangaphandle yesiguli. Lokhu kuvame ukuba yiphuzu leqhwa: ukutheleleka, inkinga yesisu noma ukulimala kwemizwa ngokuvamile kuyisisekelo se-cacosmia.

Incazelo ye-cacosmia

I-Cacosmia iwukuphazamiseka kwephunga okuchazwa ngokubona iphunga elingemnandi noma elibi ngaphandle kokuba kube khona iphunga elinjalo endaweni engaphandle yesiguli futhi ngaphandle kokungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu yakhe yokuhogela.

Imvamisa kuba yiphunga eliphuma emzimbeni wesiguli. Kodwa-ke, iphunga elibonakalayo lingase libe umphumela wokuguqulwa kwe-neuronal.

Izinhlobo ze-cacosmias

Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-cacosmias zingahlukaniswa:

• Inhloso ye-cacosmia: iphunga, langempela, likhiqizwa yisiguli uqobo. Kungazwakala ngabanye abantu abaseduze. Sikhuluma iphunga endogenous;
• I-subjective cacosmia: iphunga elizwakalayo alilona iqiniso futhi alibonwa yilabo abaseduze kwakho. Lolu hlobo lwe-cacosmia luhlala lungavamile.

Izinkinga ze-cacosmia

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zenhloso ye-cacosmia yilezi:

• Ukutheleleka kwamazinyo, ama-sinus - i-sinus aspergillosis, i-sinusitis, evame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka kwamazinyo -, amalaka (tonsillitis), njll.
• Ukuvuvukala kwemigudu yamakhala njenge-rhinitis - ikakhulukazi okuthiwa i-atrophic;
• Ukutheleleka kwama-sinus ngokusebenzisa ukutshalwa kwesikhunta njenge-Scedosporium apiospermum noma iPseudallescheria boydii;
• isifo se-reflux ye-gastroesophageal;
• Futhi kuyaqabukela, ukuphuza i-esomeprazole: namanje engaqondakali kahle futhi engacacile, ukuthatha i-esomeprazole, njengengxenye yokwelapha ngokumelene ne-reflux ye-gastroesophageal, kungabangela i-cacosmia.

Ngesikhathi se-subjective cacosmia, ngokuvamile i-stimulus yangaphandle - iphunga lembali njengesibonelo - elibhekwa njengephunga elibi. I-subjective cacosmia ixhunyaniswa nezizathu ezingokwengqondo noma zemizwa. Esimweni sokugcina, izincazelo ezimbili zingenzeka: noma isignali idluliselwa ngephutha ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi, noma idluliselwa ngokwanele, kodwa ichazwa kabi isimiso sezinzwa esiphakathi. Izimbangela ze-hallucination yokuhogela zingaba ngenxa yalokhu:

• Izilonda zobuchopho, ikakhulukazi ku-lobe yesikhashana;
• Izimila zobuchopho ezithinta i-olfactory cortex noma imicu yezinzwa ehlobene nayo.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-cacosmia

Ukuxilongwa kwe-cacosmia kwenziwa kuqala ngemizwa yesiguli ngokwakhe kanye nombono wakhe wephunga elibi. Uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kufanele aqale aqinisekise ukuthi akukho ukuvinjelwa komgudu wamakhala. Ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kwenziwa ukuze kuqondiswe imbangela ye-cacosmia:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-ENT ukuthola ukuvuvukala okubonakalayo noma izifo ezinjengalezo zamathoni noma ama-nasal passages;
• Isithombe esitholwe nge-imaging resonance magnetic noma nge-CT scan, noma i-endoscopy ukuze kutholwe, uma kukhona, ukugxila okuthelelanayo, izilonda zobuchopho noma isimila;
• Isiko lesampula lethishu ukukhombisa ubukhona besikhunta;
• I-pH-impedancemetry yokukala i-acidity yesisu kanye nokuxilonga i-reflux ye-gastroesophageal;
• Futhi okuningi okuningi

Abantu abathintekayo yi-cacosmia

I-10% yabantu abaningi ihlushwa ukuphazamiseka kwephunga, okuyi-cacosmia emele.

Izinto ezivumela i-cacosmia

Izici ezivuna i-cacosmia ziyenqatshwa ngokuya ngezimbangela ezihlobene ne-pathology:

• Ukutheleleka kwamazinyo: izifo zamazinyo ezingaphathwa kahle eziya ku-sinus, ingozi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwamazinyo - isibonelo ukubhobozwa kwesitezi se-sinus ngokufakelwa kwamazinyo - amazinyo abolile;
• Ukutheleleka kweSinus: isifuba somoya, ukubhema okusebenzayo noma okungenzi lutho;
• Ukuvuvukala kwemigudu yamakhala: ukungcoliswa komoya;
• Ukutheleleka kwe-tonsil: ukuba khona kwebhaktheriya yohlobo lwe-streptococcal emzimbeni;
• Ukungenwa ukhunta: ingculaza, i-neutropenia - inani eliphansi ngokungavamile lama-neutrophils, uhlobo lwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, egazini -, izifo ezinomdlavuza wegazi nomnkantsha, ukufakelwa;
• Isifo se-reflux ye-Gastroesophageal: ukukhuluphala, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ugwayi, ukudla okucebile ngokudla okunamafutha;
• Ukulimala kobuchopho: ukuwa, izingozi, ukuqhuma.
• Izimila zobuchopho: imisebe, i-immunosuppression - ukwenza buthaka izivikelo zomzimba;
• Futhi okuningi okuningi

Ukubona iphunga elibi

Isiguli esiphethwe yi-cacosmia sibona iphunga elibi elingekho emvelweni futhi ngaphandle kokungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu yakhe yokuhogela.

Ukubona ukunambitheka okungaguquki

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-cacosmia ayinawo umthelela ekuboneni ukunambitheka.

Izimpawu ezihlukene

Izimpawu ze-cacosmia ziyehluka kuye ngezimbangela:

• Ukutheleleka kwe-sinus: ukucinana kwe-sinus, ikhala eliphuzi noma eliphuzile, ubuhlungu lapho ucindezela ezonweni, ikhanda;
• Ukutheleleka kwamazinyo: ubuhlungu - obuba namandla kakhulu njengoba ukutheleleka kukhula -, ukuzwela ukushisa nokubanda;
• Ukutheleleka kwefungal: ukukhwehlela, ukushisa kungenzeka;
• Ukutheleleka kwe-tonsil: umphimbo obuhlungu, umkhuhlane, ukushaywa umoya ngesikhathi sokuphefumula (i-stridor), ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhishwa kwe-hyper-salivation, izwi elithulile, njengokungathi isiguli sinento eshisayo emlonyeni;
• Ukuvuvukala kwemigudu yamakhala: uqweqwe, ukopha, ikhala eligijimayo, ukuthimula;
• Isifo se-reflux ye-gastroesophageal: isilungulela, i-acid reflux, ukunambitheka okubabayo emlonyeni, ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
• Ukulimala kobuchopho ku-lobe yesikhashana: ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukuphazamiseka okubukwayo, ukuphazamiseka kwenkumbulo, ukuphazamiseka kwe-locomotor, isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza, ukukhathala, isiyezi;
• Izimila zobuchopho ku-cortex ephunga: i-allucination olfactory, isithuthwane.

Ukwelashwa kwe-cacosmia kuncike kumbangela yayo.

Ukutheleleka kwe-sinus kungelashwa ngokulandelayo:

• Amafutha abalulekile: i-lemon eucalyptus, ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, upelepele omnyama ngomphumela wayo we-analgesic kanye ne-hyperthermizing, i-mint yasensimini, umphumela we-decongestant, i-eucalyptus radiata, ngenxa yamandla ayo e-anti-infective;
• Imithi: ama-antibiotics, afana ne-penicillin yokulwa nokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya, ama-analgesics, njenge-paracetamol yokunciphisa ubuhlungu, i-corticosteroids, ukunciphisa i-edema uma kunesidingo;
• Ukuhlinzwa: ukugeza i-sinus, ukukhipha izinyo uma kunesidingo, i-endonasal microsurgery.

Ukutheleleka kwamazinyo kuzolashwa ngokusebenzisa:

• Ukukhipha ukungcola endaweni ethelelekile nguchwepheshe wezempilo;
• Ukuphathwa kwama-antibiotics ngaphezu kwalokho uma kunesidingo.

Ngokuya ngokuvuvukala kwamapayipi ekhala, uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angase anikeze lezi zindlela zokwelapha ezilandelayo:

• I-Humidification yomoya ozungezile;
• Ukuphathwa kwe-vasoconstrictors noma ama-antihistamines.

Ukutheleleka kwe-tonsils kuzoqedwa ngokuthi:

• ukuphathwa kwe-ibuprofen noma i-paracetamol;
• Gargling ngamanzi ashisayo anosawoti;
• Izifutho zomphimbo ezisekelwe ku-anesthetic yendawo;
• Ukumuncwa ukudla okulula ukukugwinya, okunomsoco kanye nokuswakama: isobho lilungile.

Ukwelashwa kwe-cacosmia kulandela i-reflux enzima ye-gastric yilezi:

• Ukuhlinzwa, ukubeka i-valve phakathi komphimbo nesisu futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjwe ngomshini ukuhamba kokudla;
• Imithi yokwelapha ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa ngoba isebenza kuphela ngezimpawu hhayi imbangela ye-reflux: ama-antacids noma ukugqoka kwesisu, okuzolile ngaphandle kokuphulukiswa, ama-antihistamine e-H2, ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrochloric acid, i-proton pump inhibitors, ukuvimba. amaseli enza i-asidi.

Ngaphandle kwezilonda ezimbi kakhulu, ubucwebe bemvelo bobuchopho - ikhono lobuchopho lokuzilungisa - bungasiza ekwelapheni ukulimala kobuchopho. Uma kungenjalo, kuye ngendawo kanye nezinga lokulimala kobuchopho, isiguli singase sithole ukwelashwa okuhlukahlukene:

• Neurosurgery, ukwenza kungasebenzi ingxenye yobuchopho eyonakele;
• Ukwelashwa komsebenzi, uma kunesidingo, ukuze ufunde kabusha ukuthinta kwempilo yansuku zonke;
• I-Physiotherapy, ukusebenza ngokulinganisela uma kunesidingo;
• Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo, ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana ngomlomo uma kunesidingo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-cacosmia kulandela isimila sobuchopho yilezi:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali;
• I-Radiotherapy;
• Ukwelapha okuhlosiwe
• Ukususwa kwesimila ngokuhlinzwa uma isimila sikhulu, futhi lokhu akubhekwa njengengozi uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Uma kwenzeka ukwanda kwesikhunta, ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukuthatha ama-antifungal.

Naphezu kwezimbangela eziningi, i-cacosmia ingavinjelwa:

• Ukugwema ukuthintana nabantu abanesifo esingathelelana;
• Ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo - ukudla, amazinyo njll.;
• Ukugwema ukulala ngokushesha nje lapho ukudla sekuphelile;
• Ukusebenzisa ku-synergy, ku-spoon yoju, amafutha abalulekile e-basil, i-peppermint kanye ne-chamomile yamaRoma ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokugaya ukudla;
• Futhi okuningi okuningi