I-Bulimia: kuyini?

I-bulimia iyingxenye yezinkinga zokudla noma iziyaluyalu zokudla (ADD) njenge-anorexia nervosa kanyei-hyperphagie.

I-Bulimia ibonakala ngokuvela kwe ukudla ukudla ou ukudla ngokudla lapho umuntu egwinya isamba esikhulu sokudla engakwazi ukuyeka. Ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukumuncwa okungasukela ku-2000 kuye ku-3000 kcal ngenkinga ngayinye.¹. Abantu be-bulimic banombono wokuthi ulahlekelwe ngokuphelele ukulawula ngesikhathi sezinkinga nomuzwa okuyihlazo et unecala emva kwalezi. Ngemuva kokuqala kokuquleka, abantu bahlanganyela ekuziphatheni okunxephezela okungafanele emzamweni wokuqeda ama-calories adliwe kanyegwema ukukhuluphala. Abantu abane-bulimia bavame ukusebenzisa oluhlanzayo, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezidakamizwa (ama-laxatives, purgatives, enemas, diuretics), umkhuba ojulile wokuzivocavoca umzimba noma ukuzila ukudla.

Ngokungafani nabantu abane- anorexia abanesisindo esingaphansi, umuntu onebulimia unazo ngokuvamile isisindo esivamile.

Ngamafuphi, i-bulimia yisifo esibonakala ngokuba khona kwezingqinamba lapho umuntu eba nomuzwa wokuthi akasakwazi ukulawula ukuziphatha kwakhe okuholela ekutheni amunce ngokushesha. isamba esikhulu sokudla. Kulandela ukusungulwa kokuziphatha okunxephezela okungafanele ukugwema ukukhuluphala.

Ukudla ukudla okunomsoco

Thei-hyperphagie i-bulimic kungenye inkinga yokudla. Usondelene kakhulu ne-bulimia. Siyabubona ubukhona bezinkinga zokudla ngokweqile kodwa akukho ukuziphatha okuyisinxephezelo ukuvimbela ukukhuluphala. Abantu abanenkinga yokudla ngokweqile bavame ukukhuluphala ngokweqile.

I-anorexia ngokudla ngokweqile

Abanye abantu banezimpawu zakho kokubili i-anorexia nervosa kanye ne-bulimia. Kulokhu, asikhulumi nge-bulimia kodwaI-anorexia ngokudla kakhulu.

Ukuvama

I-Bulimia njengokuziphatha yaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Izincwadi zisinikeza ukwaziswa okuphathelene nemibuthano yokuzijabulisa yamaGreki namaRoma, “imihlangano” lapho izihambeli zazizitika ngazo zonke izinhlobo zokweqisa, kuhlanganise nokudla okweqile okwaze kwaze kwazigulisa nokuziphalaza.

I-bulimia njengesifo iye yachazwa kusukela ngawo-1970. Ngokuya ngezifundo kanye nezindlela zokuxilonga (ezibanzi noma ezivimbelayo) ezisetshenzisiwe, kukhona ukusabalala okusuka ku-1% kuya ku-5,4% Girls ethintekayo emiphakathini yasentshonalanga⁶. Lokhu kudlanga kwenza kube yisifo esisabalele kakhulu kune-anorexia nervosa, ikakhulukazi njengoba inani labantu abathintekayo liqhubeka nokwanda.⁷. Ekugcineni, kuzothinta indoda engu-1 kwabesifazane abangu-19 abathintekayo.

kwesifo

Nakuba izimpawu ze-bulimia zivame ukuvela ngasekupheleni kwentsha, ukuxilongwa akwenziwa, ngokwesilinganiso, kuze kube yiminyaka engu-6 kamuva. Ngempela, lokhu kuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla okuhlobene kakhulu namahloni akuholeli kalula umuntu onebulimia ukuba abonane. Uma i-pathology ibonakala ekuqaleni, ukungenelela kokwelapha kungaqala futhi amathuba okululama ayanda.

Izimbangela ze-bulimia?

I-bulimia isifo sokudla esikhonjwe kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-70s. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuye kwenziwa izifundo eziningi nge-bulimia, kodwa izimbangela eziqondile zokuvela kwalesi sifo azikaziwa. Kodwa-ke, imibono, esacwaningwa, izama ukuchaza ukuvela kwe-bulimia.

Abacwaningi bayavuma ukuthi izici eziningi zisuka ku-bulimia, kuhlanganise izici zofuzo, ama-neuroendocriniens, kwengqondo, umndeni et social.

Nakubaalukho isakhi sofuzo esikhonjwe ngokucacile, ucwaningo luqokomisa ingozi yomkhaya. Uma ilungu lomkhaya liphethwe i-bulimia, maningi amathuba okuba omunye kulowo mkhaya abe nalesi sifo kunasemkhayeni “onempilo”. Olunye ucwaningo olwenziwe kumawele afanayo (ama-monozygotes) lukhombisa ukuthi uma iwele elilodwa kulawa amabili lihlaselwe yi-bulimia, kunamathuba angama-23% okuthi iwele lakhe nalo lithinteke. Amathuba anyuka aze afike ku-9% uma bengamawele ahlukene (ama-dizygotes)2. Ngakho-ke kungabonakala sengathi izakhi zofuzo zidlala indima ekuqaleni kwe-bulimia.

izinzuzo izici ze-endocrine njengokuntuleka kwama-hormone kubonakala kudlalwa kulesi sifo. Ukwehla kwehomoni (LH-RH) ehilelekile ekulawuleni ukusebenza kwe-ovarian kuyagqanyiswa. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kusilela kubonwa lapho kukhona ukwehla kwesisindo futhi okubonwayo kubuyela ezingeni elijwayelekile le-LH-RH ngokuthola isisindo kabusha. Ngakho-ke lesi sifo singabonakala siwumphumela we-bulimia hhayi imbangela.

Au izinga le-neurological, ucwaningo oluningi luxhumanisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-serotonergic nesifo sokuzwa ukusutha okuvame ukubonwa kuma-bulimia. I-Serotonin iyinto eqinisekisa ukudlula komyalezo wezinzwa phakathi kwama-neurons (ezingeni lama-synapses). Kuhileleke ikakhulukazi ekukhuthazeni isikhungo sokusutha (indawo yobuchopho elawula ukudla). Ngenxa yezizathu eziningi namanje ezingaziwa, kukhona ukuncipha kwenani le-serotonin kubantu abane-bulimia kanye nokuthambekela kokwandisa le neurotransmitter ngemva kokululama.3.

Use izinga lengqondo, izifundo eziningi ziye zahlobanisa ukuqala kwe-bulimia nokuba khona kwe ukuzenyeza okusekelwe kakhulu esithombeni somzimba. Ama-hypotheses kanye nezifundo zokuhlaziya kuthola ukungaguquguquki okuthile ebuntwini nemizwa amantombazane asemasha aphethwe yibulimic. I<em>bulimia ngokuvamile ithinta intsha enenkinga yokuveza imizwa yayo futhi ngokuvamile eba nenkinga yokuqonda eyakhe. imizwa yomzimba (imizwa yokulamba nokusutha). Imibhalo ye-Psychoanalytic ivame ukuvusa a ukwenqatshwa komzimba njengento yocansi. Lawa mantombazane asemancane angafisa ngokungazi ukuthi ahlale amantombazane amancane. Iziyaluyalu ezibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla zilimaza umzimba “ohlehlayo” (ukungabi khona kokuya esikhathini, ukuncipha komumo ngokuncipha kwesisindo, njll.). Ekugcineni, ucwaningo olwenziwe ngobuntu babantu abathintwe yi-bulimia, thola izici ezithile zobuntu ezijwayelekile ezifana nalezi: ukuhambisana,  ukuntula imizamo,  ukuntula ukuzenzela, lo ukuvimbela ukuziphatha futhi imizweloNjll…

Au izinga lokuqonda, izifundo ziqokomisa imicabango engalungile ezenzakalelayo okuholela ezinkolelweni zamanga ngokuvamile ezitholakala kuma-bulimics njengokuthi "ubuncane buyisiqinisekiso senjabulo" noma "konke ukuzuza kwamafutha kubi".

Okokugcina, i-bulimia iyisifo esithinta inani labantu bamazwe anezimboni kakhulu. I izici zezenhlalo namasiko ngakho-ke dlala indawo ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni i-bulimia. Izithombe “zowesifazane ophelele” osebenzayo, okhulisa izingane zakhe futhi olawula isisindo sakhe zidluliselwa kabanzi kwabezindaba. Lezi izethulo zingathathwa kude ngabantu abadala abazizwa kahle ngabo, kodwa zingaba nemiphumela elimazayo entsheni entula amaphuzu okubhekisela kuwo.

Izinkinga ezihlanganisiwe

Sithola ikakhulukazi izinkinga ze-psychopathological ehambisana ne-bulimia. Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukwazi ukuthi ukuqala kwe-bulimia okuzodala lezi zinkinga noma ukuthi ukuba khona kwalezi zifo kuzoholela ekutheni umuntu abe ne-bulimic.

Izifo zengqondo eziyinhloko ezihambisana nazo yilezi:

• ukucindezeleka, amaphesenti angu-50 abantu abane-bulimia angaba nesiqephu esikhulu sokucindezeleka ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo;
• ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka, okukholakala ukuthi kukhona ku-34% we-bulimia4 ;
• the ukuziphatha okuyingozi, njengokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa (utshwala, izidakamizwa) ezingathinta u-41% wabantu abane-bulimia4 ;
• a ukuzenyeza okwenza abantu abane-bulimic bazwele kakhulu ukugxekwa futhi ikakhulukazi ukuzethemba okuxhumene ngokweqile nesithombe somzimba;
• un inkathazo yobuntu, okungathinta u-30% wabantu abane-bulimia5.

Izikhathi zokuzila ukudla ngokweqile kanye nokuziphatha okuyisinxephezelo (ukuhlanza, ukusetshenziswa kwama-laxative, njll.) kuholela ezinkingeni ezingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zezinso, inhliziyo, ithumbu kanye namazinyo.

Abantu abasengozini kanye nezici zobungozi

I-Bulimia yayizoqala nxazonke ukuthomba sekwephuzile. Izothinta kaningi amantombazane kunabafana (umfana ongu-1 ufinyelele amantombazane ayi-19). I-Bulimia, njengezinye izinkinga zokudla, ithinta abantu abaningi amazwe athuthukile. Okokugcina, ubungcweti obuthile (umsubathi, umlingisi, imodeli, umdansi) okubalulekile ukuthi ube nomuntu othile. ukulawula isisindo kanye nalo isithombe somzimba, ibe nabantu abaningi abahlushwa ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla kuneminye imisebenzi yezandla.

I-Bulimia izoqala izikhathi ezi-5 kweziyi-10 ngesikhathi ukunciphisa isisindo sokudla. Kubantu abathathu kwabayishumi, i-bulimia yandulelwa i-anorexia nervosa. Ekugcineni, izikhathi ezi-3 kwezingu-10, ukucindezeleka okwethule ukuqala kwe-bulimia.

Prevention