Izinjini zezikebhe

Ukukhetha injini yesikebhe akulula njengoba kubonakala ekuqaleni; phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ethulwayo, kunzima kakhulu ukukhetha imodeli efanelekile kakhulu. Ama-boat motors anezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, izici ezidingekayo zizosiza ukuthola lokhu. Ukuze imodeli ekhethiwe ilingane kahle nesikebhe samanzi, kuyadingeka ukuthi ufunde i-assortment kusengaphambili futhi ufunde ukuthi ungasusa kanjani izinketho ezingadingekile. Imithetho yokukhetha kuxoxwa ngayo kabanzi ngezansi.

Izinhlobo zama-outboard motors

Uma beya echibini noma echibini, abadobi ngokuvamile bayaqaphela ukuthi yizikebhe abangenazo manje. Futhi labo abanezigwedlo ezandleni zabo ngeke bakwazi ukubhukuda kude, kuzodingeka basebenze kakhulu kulokhu, kodwa izimo zamanje nezimo zezulu zingenza izinguquko zabo ekuhambeni kwemikhumbi yamanzi.

Ukufaka injini kuzosiza ukonga amandla, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, esikhathini esifushane, umdobi uzoba sendaweni efanele futhi uzokwazi ukunikela isikhathi esengeziwe ekuzilibaziseni kwakhe okuthandayo. Uhambo oluya esitolo lwemoto yesikebhe okokuqala ngqa kungase kungabi ukuthengwa okuphumelelayo, izitolo ezithengisa ngokuvamile zinikeza ukukhetha okukhulu kwale mikhiqizo. Ukuze ukuthengwa kuthuthuke ngokushesha, udinga ukwazi izici ezimbalwa ezidingekayo, kusukela lapho benza khona ukukhetha.

Okokuqala, udinga ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi injini elungele uhlobo. Izikebhe zanamuhla zikuvumela ukuthi ufake izinhlobo ezimbili, uphethiloli nogesi, ngayinye ezoba nezinhlangothi zayo ezinhle nezimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici esibalulekile kulowo nalowo kubo kuzoba umklamo owenza ubuciko buhambe.

Intulo

Kuma-propeller, ukunyakaza kwenziwa ngokuzungezisa i-propeller. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kusetshenziselwa zonke izinhlobo zokuthutha emanzini, kunomklamo olula kanye nezindleko eziphansi.

Lo mklamo waziswa ikakhulukazi ekujuleni, amanzi angajulile awafiseleki kuwo. Ekujuleni okungashoni kakhulu, isikulufu singabamba uhlaza, ama-snags, phansi futhi sivele siphuke.

I-Turbine

Imiklamo ye-turbine isebenza ngokuhlukile kancane, isikulufu ngokwaso sifihliwe kuzo. Isikebhe siqhutshwa amanzi adonswa ngapha nangapha bese ephushwa ngaphandle ngophephela.

Lolu hlobo lwenjini lungasetshenziswa ngisho nasekujuleni okungashoni, kusukela ku-30 ​​cm. I-turbine drive ayiwesabi amanzi angcolile, ivame ukufakwa ezikebheni emabhishi, ukushushuluza kwamanzi kwenziwa kuphela ngomklamo onjalo wemoto.

Ukulungiswa kwe-screw dip

Ukucwiliswa kophephela okwanele ngeke kukwazi ukuvumela ubuciko ukuthi buhambe ngokujwayelekile emanzini, ngisho nophephela onamandla uzokhasa njengofudu. Uma isikulufu sicwiliswa ngaphansi kokujwayelekile, lokhu kuzodala umthwalo owengeziwe enjinini. Ukuze ugweme ubunzima, ama-motor kagesi afakwe ukulungiswa ngaphandle kokutsheka, kuyilapho ama-motor kaphethiloli alawulwa ngokutsheka okuhlobene ne-axis evundlile.

Amapharamitha omzimba

Kukhona izinkomba ezithinta ngqo ukukhethwa kwemoto yesikebhe. Kubalulekile ukuwacabangela, ukuphepha kokunyakaza nokunye okuningi kuncike kuwo.

Isisindo nobukhulu

Kungani lezi zinkomba zidingeka, oqalayo ngeke aqonde, izinkomba zesisindo zibalulekile ekubaleni ibhalansi ye-craft kanye nomthamo wayo wokuthwala. Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi isisindo senjini ye-petroli siboniswa ngaphandle kokucabangela ithangi likaphethiloli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilinganiso kufanele zihambisane nobukhulu besikebhe.

Izinjini zikagesi zinesisindo esingaphansi kakhulu kunezinjini zikaphethiloli.

Isisindo semoto sincike emandleni, lapho amahhashi engeziwe efihlwa ngaphakathi, into izoba nzima kakhulu futhi ubukhulu bayo buzomangalisa kakhulu. Isisindo motors isukela 3 kuya 350 kg, kanti isisindo sincike amahhashi kanje:

• Amahhashi angu-6 anesisindo esingama-20 kg;
• 8 amahhashi kufika ku-30 ​​kg;
• Amahhashi angu-35 aphenduka abe ngu-70 kg.

Ukuphakama kwe-Transom

I-transom itholakala ngemuva, injini ifakwe kuyo. Ukuze ukufakwa kuphumelele futhi isikulufu sibekwe ekujuleni okufunayo, kuyadingeka ukukhetha injini efanele ngokuhambisana nalesi sikhombi. Ukuqokwa kwalesi sibonakaliso kupasipoti kokubili kwesikebhe kanye nemoto kwenziwa ngezinhlamvu zesiLatini, ukuqokwa kuyadingeka:

• I-S isetshenziselwa ukuqoka i-transom ku-380-450 mm;
• L imele 500-570 mm;
• I-X ihambisana nobude be-600-640 mm;
• U-U unenani elikhulu elingenzeka, elingu-650-680 mm ubude.

I-anti-cavitation plate ye-outboard motor kanye nephansi le-transom kufanele ibe negebe lika-15-25 mm.

Izinhlobo zokukhweza

Ukukhweza injini ku-craft nakho kubalulekile, izinhlobo ezine manje sezisetshenziswa:

• indlela enzima izolungisa idrayivu ku-transom ngokuqinile, ngeke kwenzeke ukuyivula;
• i-rotary izovumela injini ukuthi ihambe eduze kwe-eksisi eqondile;
• indlela yokugoqa ibonakala ngokuhamba kwemoto ngokuvundlile;
• i-swing-out ivumela injini ukuthi ihambe ngokuvundlile nangokuqondile.

Uhlobo lokugcina lwe-fastener lwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuphatha umsebenzi wezandla.

I-motor lift

Ezinye izimo emanzini zidinga ukuphakamisa injini; ukufakwa endaweni engajulile ngaphandle kwalokhu ngeke kwenzeke. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokukhulisa injini:

• iphakanyiswe ngesandla ngethila, umshini onjalo usezikebheni ezincane ezinezinjini ezilula uma kuqhathaniswa, izinjini ezisindayo nezinamandla azikwazi ukuphakanyiswa ngale ndlela;
• umshini we-electro-hydraulic uzophakamisa injini ngokuthinta inkinobho, ayishibhile, ngakho-ke ingatholakala kaningi kumamotho anamandla ezikebhe ezinkulu.

Injini esesimeni esiphakanyisiwe ngesikhathi sokupaka isikhathi eside ngeke ikwazi ukugqwala, okuzokwengeza isikhathi sokusebenza kwayo.

Izinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi

Ngokuvamile, izinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi zisetshenziselwa amandla amakhulu futhi, ngokufanele, ukuhamba ngokushesha emanzini; zibonakala ngokusetshenziswa uphethiloli liquid. Kunomehluko omningi phakathi kwama-motor anjalo, kodwa kukhona nezici ezivamile.

Inani lamasilinda

Ama-motor fuel fuel asebenza ngenxa yokunyakaza kwepiston kuwo. Kukhona izinjini ezimbili ezine-stroke nezine, idivayisi yokuqala ingeyakudala, isetshenziselwa ukuhlomisa izikebhe ezincane amabanga amafushane. Ama-four-stroke anamandla kakhulu, futhi ahluka ngobukhulu kunezihlobo zawo ezincane.

Injini enamasilinda amabili inomklamo olula, okwenza kube lula ukusebenza. Ashibhile, kodwa awakwazi ukusetshenziswa eduze namabhishi noma ezindaweni ezine-ecology engaphansi kwe-avareji.

Amasilinda amane azoba namandla kakhulu, kodwa azophinde athathe indawo eyengeziwe, ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukunyathela.

Ivolumu yokusebenza

Amandla enjini kuphethiloli ahlobene ngqo negumbi elivuthayo. Uma igumbi lokusebenza lilikhulu, uphethiloli usetshenziswa kakhulu futhi amandla enjini akhuphuka.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha

Amandla enjini ancike ngqo ekutheni kusetshenziswe uphethiloli ongakanani, isilinganiso samafutha esichithwa ngehora lomsebenzi sizoba yile nkomba. Lapho ukhetha injini, kufanele unake ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, amamodeli ahlukene anamandla afanayo angadla amanani ahlukene.

uhlobo lwamafutha

Uhlobo lukaphethiloli lubalulekile ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwenjini. Izibalo zamandla zizohlala ziphezulu uma kusetshenziswa uphethiloli onesilinganiso se-octane okungenani esishiwo. Amafutha anezinga eliphezulu angasetshenziswa, lokhu ngeke kuthinte ukusebenza kwemoto.

Uhlobo lwesistimu yokugcoba

Ngaphandle kokugcoba, injini ngeke ikwazi ukusebenza isikhathi eside, amandla engeziwe, amafutha amaningi azodingeka. Ukugcoba kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:

• imanuwali isetshenziswa kumiklamo elula, ingxube ilungiswa ngesandla, yingakho igama. Ukupheka kuzodinga ukunakwa okuphezulu, izilinganiso kufanele zibhekwe ngokuqinile.
• Isearate isetshenziswa kumamodeli enjini abiza kakhulu, uwoyela uthululelwa egunjini lawo, bese kuthi uphethiloli ungene kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokusebenza, uhlelo ngokwalo lulawula ukuthi uwoyela ongakanani okumele uhlinzekwe.

Inketho yokugcina ngeke ivumele ngokwayo amaphutha, okusho ukuthi injini izosebenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuhluleka.

release

Izindlela ezintathu ezihlukene zingasetshenziswa ukuqalisa injini engaphandle:

• indlela yezandla ihlanganisa ukumane uxube ikhebula, okuletha injini esimweni sokusebenza. Lena indlela eshibhile futhi ephumelelayo lapho izimali ezengeziwe zingadingeki.
• Indlela kagesi isho ukuba khona kwesiqalisi esinikwa amandla yibhethri. Izindlela ezinjalo zibiza kakhulu futhi zinendawo ebalulekile.
• Uhlobo oluxubile luhlanganisa zombili lezi zindlela ezingenhla. Ngokuvamile, i-starter ihlale isetshenziswa, kodwa uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo, ikhebula elijikayo lizoba umsizi omkhulu.

Uhlelo oluxubile lusetshenziselwa izikebhe ezivela ku-25-45 horsepower.

Amandla kagesi

Ukusebenza kwenjini esebenza ngebhethri kukalwa ngokuhlukile, kukhombisa ukusunduza. Le parameter iboniswa kubathengi ngamakhilogremu, ukuze ukhethe imoto efanele, kufanele uqale ufunde itafula ngezinkomba zohlobo ngalunye lwesikebhe ngesigaba sesisindo.

Amabhethri asebenza njengomthombo wamandla, injini ngayinye iklanyelwe i-voltage yayo. Imvamisa, amabhethri akhipha ama-volts angu-12, ngakho-ke ukuze injini ene-volt 24-volt ibe nemishini emibili enjalo exhunywe ochungechungeni.

Amandla emoto kagesi ancike kumthamo omkhulu wamanje osetshenzisiwe, kanti ukuze injini isebenze ngokujwayelekile, umthamo omkhulu wokukhipha ibhethri kufanele udlule umkhawulo osetshenziswa yinjini ngo-15% -20%.

Izici ezibalulekile

Lapho ukhetha injini yesikebhe, ukunakwa kudonswa kukho konke, kodwa ingabe kulungile? Yiziphi izinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu nezici ezizothinta ukusebenza kobuciko? Lapho ukhetha injini, ukunakwa kugxile kumaphuzu amaningana. Okulandelayo, sizozibheka ngokuningiliziwe.

Power

Le nkomba ikalwa ngamandla ehhashi, uma inani lawo likhulu, yilapho isikebhe samanzi singakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Injini eqinile iphinde ifakwe emikhunjini esindayo, umthamo wokuthwala nawo ubalulekile lapha.

Switch eziphuthumayo

Lo msebenzi ubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba uma umuntu ewela phezu kwamanzi, isikebhe sihlala singalawuleki. Ukushintsha kwesimo esiphuthumayo kuzosiza ukugwema imiphumela emibi kulesi simo. Ngaphambi kokungena emanzini, uhlobo lwesongo olune-fastening ekhethekile lufakwa esihlakaleni. Lapho umuntu edonsa intambo ngokuqinile, injini iyama, isikebhe siyama.

UMax RPM

Ijubane lomkhumbi landa ngokunyuka kwenani lokuguquguquka, inani eliphezulu elingcono ukuthi lingadluli. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ukusebenza okuphezulu kufinyelelwa ngokwandisa izinga lomsindo. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuze ugweme ukulayisha ngokweqile, kwakhiwa uhlelo lokukhawulela, olungeke luvumele ukushisa ngokweqile.

Inani lejubane

Izinjini zikaphethroli zinesivinini esisuka ku-2 kuye ku-5, esishintshwa ngo-gearbox. Kumamotho kagesi, ukushintsha kuyazenzakalela futhi kulula.

Ukupholisa imoto yesikebhe

Izinjini zangaphandle zisebenzisa eyodwa kwezimbili izinhlelo zokupholisa:

• umoya ubhekwa njengongasebenzi kahle, ngale ndlela kuphela ama-motor afinyelela kumahhashi ayi-15 angapholiswa;
• amanzi asebenzisa amanzi aphuma echibini, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuyinkimbinkimbi emifuleni nasemachibini angcolile noma emachibini anezimila eziningi.

Amanzi athandwa kakhulu, ayabiza kakhulu futhi asebenza kahle.

transmission

Uhlelo lokudlulisa lukala isivinini futhi lulawula isiqondiso somkhumbi. Amagiya amathathu asetshenziswa njengokujwayelekile:

• ingaphambili liya phambili futhi ngokuvamile linezivinini eziningana;
• ingemuva isetshenziselwa ukubuyisela umkhumbi emuva, amamodeli ashibhile angase angatholakali nhlobo;
• Ukungathathi hlangothi kuvumela isikebhe ukuthi sibe sendaweni lapho injini isebenza.

Kudingeka ukuqalisa injini ngegiya livaliwe, ngaphandle kwalokho injini izogcwala ngokweqile.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokulawula

Ukulawulwa komkhumbi nakho kubalulekile; ezikebheni ezincane neziphakathi, kusetshenziswa i-tiller. Kwabanamandla kakhulu, kusetshenziswa amasistimu okulawula kude.

Kukhona nohlobo oluhlanganisiwe lokulawula, kuphela alufakiwe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezikebhe. Ngaphambi kokukhetha isilawuli, kufanele uqale ubuze ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka yini ngesikebhe sakho.

Izinhlelo zokulawula kude

Ukuqondisa kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu:

• umshini wenziwa kusetshenziswa izintambo ezibekwe eceleni. Ukuphendula isondo lokuqondisa kuyaqinisa noma kuxegise izintambo, ezilungisa ukunyakaza.
• IHydraulic isetshenziselwa izikebhe ezinomthamo wamahhashi angaphezu kuka-150. Izindleko eziphezulu ziwukuphela kwe-drawback, ngaphandle kwalokho abaphathi baphelele. Kungenzeka ukuxhuma i-autopilot.
• Isistimu kagesi ifana kakhulu neyomshini, ikhebula kuphela elibekwe esikhundleni sezintambo. Le ndlela ingalawula amadivaysi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Amasistimu akude yiwona alula, awadingi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi ukulawulwa komlimi ngaphandle kokugadwa njalo akunakwenzeka.