I-ionogram yegazi ingenye yokuhlola okuvame ukucelwa odokotela ukuze kuqashwe uketshezi lomzimba kanye nebhalansi ye-electolytic.

I-ionogram yegazi iwukuhlola okuvame kakhulu - futhi kungenye yokuhlolwa okucelwe kakhulu, okuwukulinganisa kwezakhi eziyinhloko ze-ionic zegazi (noma ama-electrolyte). Okungukuthi i-sodium (Na), i-potassium (K), i-calcium (Ca), i-chlorine (Cl), i-magnesium (Mg), ama-bicarbonates (CO3).

I-ionogram yegazi inqunywa njalo njengengxenye yokuhlolwa. Kucelwa futhi ukuthi isize ekuxilongeni lapho isiguli sinezimpawu ezifana ne-edema (okungukuthi ukunqwabelana koketshezi), ubuthakathaka, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ukudideka noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.

Ukuhlola kusetshenziselwa ukuqapha ibhalansi ye-hydro-electolytic ye-organism, okusho ukuthi ibhalansi ekhona phakathi kwamanzi nama-ion ahlukahlukene. Ngokuyinhloko yizinso eziqinisekisa lokhu kulinganisela, ngokuhlunga umchamo, kodwa isikhumba, ukuphefumula kanye nesimiso sokugaya ukudla nakho kuyayinakekela.

Ngokuvamile, udokotela ucela i-ionogram yomchamo ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze akwazi ukwabelana ngezinso kunoma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic okwethulwa ku-ionogram yegazi.

Qaphela ukuthi izinga le-phosphorus, i-ammonium nensimbi linganqunywa ngesikhathi se-ionogram yegazi.

Nakhu okubizwa ngokuthi amanani ajwayelekile wezakhi eziyinhloko ze-ionic zegazi:

• I-sodium (natremia): 135 - 145 mmol / l (millimoles ilitha)
• I-Potassium (kaliémie): 3,5 - 4,5 mmol / l
• I-calcium (i-calcémie): 2,2 - 2,6 mmol / l
• I-Chlorine (i-chloremia): 95 - 105 mmol / l
• I-Magnesium: 0,7 - 1 mmol / l
• Ama-bicarbonates: 23 - 27 mmol / l

Qaphela ukuthi lawa manani angahluka kuye ngokuthi amalabhorethri enza ukuhlaziya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyahlukahluka kancane kuye ngeminyaka.

Ngaphambi kokuya esivivinyweni, azikho izimo ezikhethekile okufanele zigcinwe. Isibonelo, akudingekile ukuba ube esiswini esingenalutho.

Ukuhlolwa kuqukethe ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-venous, ngokuvamile endaweni yendololwane. Khona-ke igazi eliqoqwe ngale ndlela liyahlaziywa.

Sodium

Ukwanda kwezinga le-sodium egazini - lokhu kubizwa nge-hypernatremia - kungaxhunyaniswa noku:

• ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ukugaya;
• ukunciphisa uketshezi lokungena;
• ukujuluka okukhulu;
• ukugcwala kwe-sodium.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwehla kwezinga le-sodium egazini - sikhuluma nge-hyponatremia - kuhlotshaniswa nalokhu:

• ukuntuleka kokuthatha i-sodium ngokulahleka kokugaya noma kwezinso;
• noma ukwanda kwenani lamanzi.

I-Hyponatremia ingase ibe uphawu lokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwezinso noma isibindi, noma i-edema.

potassium

Ukwanda kwezinga le-potassium noma i-hypokalemia kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-potassium noma ngenxa yokuphuza izidakamizwa ezithile (izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala, izidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive, njll.).

Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwehla kwezinga le-potassium egazini noma i-hypokalemia kungenzeka uma kwenzeka ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo noma ukuthatha i-diuretics.

I-chlorine

Ukwanda kwezinga le-chlorine egazini noma i-hyperchloremia kungase kube ngenxa ye:

• ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kakhulu ngokujuluka;
• ukulahlekelwa kokugaya ukudla;
• ukugcwala kwe-sodium.

Ukwehla kwezinga le-chlorine egazini noma i-hypochloremia kungase kube ngenxa yalokhu:

• ukuhlanza okungapheli nokuphindaphindiwe;
• izinkinga zokuphefumula;
• ukwanda kwenani lamanzi (inhliziyo, izinso noma ukwehluleka kwesibindi);
• ukunciphisa ukungena kwe-sodium.

Calcium

I-Hypercalcemia (izinga eliphezulu le-calcium egazini) ingaba uphawu lwalokhu:

• ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo;
• i-hyperparathyroidism;
• ubuthi be-vitamin D;
• ukungakwazi ukuhamba isikhathi eside (ukulala phansi isikhathi eside);
• noma isifo sikaPaget, lapho amathambo akhula ngokushesha kakhulu.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-hypocalcemia (izinga eliphansi le-calcium egazini) lingachazwa ngokuthi:

• ukungondleki;
• ukuphuza ngokweqile;
• ukususwa kwamathambo;
• ukwehluleka okungapheli kwezinso;
• noma ukukhubazeka ekumunceni amathumbu.

magnesium

Ukwanda kwezinga le-magnesium kungabonwa:

• ekuhlulekeni kwezinso;
• noma ngemva kokuthatha izithako ze-magnesium.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwehla kwezinga le-magnesium egazini kungaba uphawu lwalokhu:

• ukudla okungenamsoco (ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabasubathi);
• ukuphuza ngokweqile;
• izinkinga zokugaya ukudla, njll.

Ama-bicarbonates

Izinga eliphezulu le-bicarbonate egazini lingaba uphawu lwalokhu:

• ukwehluleka ukuphefumula;
• ukuhlanza okuphindaphindiwe noma isifo sohudo.

Izinga eliphansi le-bicarbonate egazini lingasho:

• i-acidosis ye-metabolic;
• ukwehluleka kwezinso;
• noma ukwehluleka kwesibindi.