Okuqukethwe
I-Peanut Ngumdumba okhulelwe ukusetshenziswa ngabantu. Ngokungafani nezitshalo eziningi, amakinati akhula ngaphansi komhlaba. Amantongomane namantongomane asekela futhi andise imetabolism emzimbeni, asize ukuqeda amafutha amaningi. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi lapho kudliwa ngokudla okuqukethe i-omega-3 fatty acids, njengembewu yefilakisi nembewu ye-chia.
Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ngo-2010 kumagazini i-Nutrients lukhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamantongomane kuhlotshaniswa nokwehliswa kwesifo senhliziyo nokuqedwa kwamatshe enyongo kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
ENdiya, ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu kwamakinati ibhotela elosiwe kanye namantongomane. Amantongomane abuye asetshenziswe kabanzi njengoyili wemifino. Njengoba amakinati ekhula phansi, abizwa nangokuthi amakinati.
Izinzuzo ezijwayelekile
1. Ungumthombo wamandla onamandla.
Amakinati aqukethe amavithamini, amaminerali, izakhamzimba kanye nama-antioxidants, ngakho-ke angabizwa ngokuthi ngumthombo ocebile wamandla.
2. Yehlisa i-cholesterol.
Iyanciphisa izinga le-cholesterol "embi" futhi inyuse izinga le-cholesterol "enhle" emzimbeni. Amantongomane aqukethe i-monounsaturated fatty acids, ikakhulukazi i-oleic acid, evimbela isifo senhliziyo.
3. Kuthuthukisa ukukhula nentuthuko.
Amantongomane acebile ngamaprotheni. Ama-amino acid akhona kuwo anomthelela omuhle ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukiseni komzimba womuntu.
4. Ulwa nomdlavuza wesisu.
Ama-antioxidants e-polyphenolic akhona ekugxileni okuphezulu kumantongomane. I-P-coumaric acid inamandla okunciphisa ubungozi bomdlavuza wesisu ngokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-carcinogenic nitrogenous amines.
5. Ilwa nesifo senhliziyo, izifo zesistimu yezinzwa.
I-polyphenolic antioxidant resveratrol, ekhona kumakinati, ilwa ngempumelelo nesifo senhliziyo, umdlavuza, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, kanye nokutheleleka ngegciwane noma ukhunta.
6. Kunciphisa amathuba okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
Ngokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitric oxide, i-antioxidant resveratrol ivimbela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
7. Iqukethe ama-antioxidants.
Amantongomane aqukethe izinga eliphezulu lama-antioxidants. Lawa ma-antioxidants asebenza kakhulu lapho abilayo amakinati. Kukhona ukwanda okuphindwe kabili kwe-biochanin-A kanye nokwanda okuphindwe kane kokuqukethwe kwe-genistein. Zinciphisa umonakalo odalwe ama-radicals amahhala emzimbeni.
8. Ibonisa amatshe enyongo.
Ukuthatha cishe amagremu angama-30 amakinati noma izipuni ezimbili zebhotela lamantongomane masonto onke kungakusiza ukuqeda amatshe enyongo. Futhi, ingozi yesifo se-gallbladder yehliswe ngama-25%.
9. Akubandakanyi ekuzuzeni isisindo.
Abesifazane abadla amakinati noma ibhotela lamantongomane ngokulinganisela, okungenani kabili ngesonto, mancane amathuba okuthi bakhuluphale kunalabo abangawadli nhlobo amakinati.
10. Kuvimbela umdlavuza wamathumbu.
Amantongomane angasiza ekunqandeni ukukhula komdlavuza wamathumbu, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane. Ukuthatha okungenani izipuni ezimbili zebhontshisi yamantongomane kabili ngesonto kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bomdlavuza wamathumbu ngokufika kuma-58% kwabesifazane kuze kufike kuma-27% kwabesilisa.
11. Kujwayelekile amazinga kashukela egazini.
Ama-manganese atholakala kumantongomane asiza ekumungeni kwe-calcium, ithuthukisa imetabolism yamafutha nama-carbohydrate, futhi ibeka amazinga kashukela egazini.
12. Ulwa nokudangala.
Izinga eliphansi le-serotonin liholela ekucindezelekeni. I-tryptophan kumantongomane yandisa ukukhishwa kwalesi sakhi futhi ngaleyo ndlela isize ukulwa nokudangala. Ukudla amakinati kuzuzisa empilweni ngezindlela eziningi. Kwenze umthetho wokudla okungenani izipuni ezimbili zebhotela lamantongomane njalo ngesonto ukuze uzivikele kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezifo eziyingozi futhi ube nempilo.
Izinzuzo kwabesifazane
13. Kukhuthaza ukuzala.
Uma idliwe ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, i-folic acid inganciphisa ubungozi bokuthola ingane enokukhubazeka okukhulu kwe-neural tube kuze kufike kuma-70%.
14. Kuthuthukisa ama-hormone.
Amantongomane asiza ukugwema ukungahambi kahle esikhathini ngenxa yokulawulwa kwamahomoni. Amantongomane asiza ngezikhathi zokwakhiwa kabusha kwamahomoni. Ngenxa yakhe, umzimba uzobekezelela kalula ukuguquguquka kwemizwelo, ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala nokungahambi kahle.
15. Izinzuzo zabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Amakinati azosiza ukugcwalisa umzimba wowesifazane okhulelwe ngama-polyphenols. Lezi zinto zibhekene nokuvuselelwa nokuvuselelwa kwesikhumba, futhi futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Amafutha emifino akha amakinati azosiza ukubhekana nokukhishwa kwenyongo ngaphandle kokulimaza ingane.
16. Kubuyisela ukuntuleka kwensimbi.
Ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, umzimba wesifazane ulahlekelwa inani elikhulu legazi. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi emzimbeni wabesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala yokuzala, izinga elincishisiwe le-hemoglobin cishe libhekwa njalo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, odokotela banikeza iziguli zabo izengezo zensimbi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kuyinsimbi, lapho ingena emzimbeni, ephendula nge-oxygen futhi yakhe i-hemoglobin (amangqamuzana egazi amasha).
Izinzuzo Zesikhumba
Ngaphezu kokusiza ukwanelisa indlala, amakinati enza isikhumba sibe bushelelezi, sithambile, sihle futhi sinempilo.
17. Welapha izifo zesikhumba.
Izici ezilwa nokuvuvukala kwamantongomane zilapha izimo zesikhumba ezifana ne-psoriasis ne-eczema. Ama-fatty acids akhona kumantongomane asiza ukuqeda ukuvuvukala futhi anciphise ububomvu besikhumba. Amantongomane aqukethe uvithamini E, i-zinc ne-magnesium, okunikeza isikhumba ukukhanya nokukhanya kwemvelo, isikhumba sibonakala sikhanya ngaphakathi.
Lawa mavithamini afanayo alwa namagciwane abangela induna. Amaprotheni aphezulu aqukethwe amakinati akhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwamaseli. Amantongomane ayasebenza kakhulu ekwelapheni izinkinga zesikhumba ezinjenge-pustules (purulent skin rashes) kanye ne-rosacea (ukukhuliswa kwemikhumbi emincane nengaphezulu kwesikhumba sobuso).
18.Inothile ngamafutha acid.
Amakinati aqukethe inani elikhulu kakhulu lama-acid anamafutha, abalulekile kumaseli ezinzwa asebuchosheni. Amaseli emizwa ebuchosheni asiza ukulwa nengcindezi nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo, nakho okuvimbela izinguquko ezahlukahlukene zesikhumba ezihlobene nobudala ezifana nemibimbi nombala ompunga.
19. Isusa ubuthi nobuthi.
I-fiber etholakala kumantongomane ibalulekile ekuqedeni ubuthi nemikhiqizo engcolile. Ubuthi obungaphakathi emzimbeni bubonakala ngokubukeka komuntu. Lokhu kubonakala ngokuqubuka kwesikhumba, flabbiness kanye nesikhumba esinamafutha amaningi.
Ukudla amakinati njalo kusiza ukuqeda ubuthi, kusiza ukujwayela izinqubo ze-metabolic, ezizothinta isikhumba sakho, zisenze sibe sihle futhi sibe nempilo.
20. Kuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi.
Amantongomane acebile nge-magnesium, ethambisa izinzwa, imisipha nemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi okungcono esikhunjeni sakho, okuzophinda futhi kuthinte ukubukeka kwakho.
21. Kuvikela isikhumba.
Ukulimala kwesikhumba kwenzeka ngenxa ye-oxidation. Kuyinqubo yamakhemikhali lapho ama-molecule angaqiniseki abizwa ngama-radicals amahhala ethatha ama-electron kumaseli aphilile. U-Vitamin E, otholakala kumakinati, uvikela amangqamuzana esikhumba ekulimaleni okubangelwe yingcindezi ye-oxidative.
UVitamin E uvikela isikhumba sethu emisebeni ehlasela i-ultraviolet, uvikela ukushiswa yilanga nokulimala kwesikhumba.
22. Kwehlisa izimpawu zokuguga.
Izimpawu zokuguga ezifana nemibimbi, ukushintsha kombala nokuncipha kwesikhumba kunciphise ezinye zezinkinga zobuhle ezinkulu. Amakinati aqukethe inani elibalulekile likavithamini C, elibalulekile ekukhiqizeni i-collagen.
I-Collagen ibalulekile kumathambo anempilo, isikhumba, kanye noqwanga. Inikeza ukuqina nokuqina kwesikhumba, okuzosigcina sisebusha.
23. Izakhiwo zivuselela izakhiwo.
I-beta-carotene, i-antioxidant etholakala kumakinati, ibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yesikhumba. Emzimbeni, iguqulelwa ku-vitamin A, esiza ekukhuleni nasekulungiseni izicubu zomzimba. Ngakho-ke, amakinati aphulukisa amanxeba nemihuzuko ngokushesha okukhulu.
24. Yenza isikhumba sibe sihle futhi sibe nempilo.
Amantongomane aqukethe i-omega-3 fatty acids esiza isikhumba sethu ngezindlela eziningi. Zinciphisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni, zivimbela ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, zinciphise ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba, zithambisa futhi zondle isikhumba ngaphakathi, zisikhulule ekomeni nasekubhibeni.
25. Ingabe ingxenye yamaski.
Imaski yobuso bamantongomane ithola ukuthandwa okukhulu kulezi zinsuku. Ukuyisebenzisa njengesifihla-buso sobuso, uzohlanza ukungcola okujulile kusuka esikhunjeni nasebusweni. Geza ubuso ngensipho, bese usakaza ibhotela lamantongomane ngokulinganayo phezu kwalo. Vumela imaski yomile, bese uhlikihla ubuso bakho ngokunyakaza okuncane okuyindilinga.
Hlanza ubuso bakho ngamanzi afudumele bese ubomisa. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imaski ebusweni bonke, yihlolisise ukuthola ukusabela okweqile. Ukwenza lokhu, faka inani elincane lemaski esikhunjeni sakho sentamo. Ukusabela okweqile kumakinati kungenye yemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Uma une-allergies, ungasebenzisi imaski.
Izinzuzo Zezinwele
26. Kukhulisa ukukhula kwezinwele.
Amantongomane aqukethe izakhamzimba eziningi ezisizayo ukugcina ubuhle nempilo yezinwele. Amakinati aphezulu ku-Omega-3 fatty acids. Ziqinisa izinwele zezinwele futhi ziba nomthelela omuhle ekhanda. Konke lokhu kuthuthukisa ukukhula kwezinwele.
27. Zondla izinwele ngaphakathi.
Amakinati awumthombo omuhle kakhulu we-arginine. I-Arginine iyi-amino acid ezuzisa kakhulu ekwelapheni impandla yamadoda nasekuthuthukiseni ukukhula kwezinwele okunempilo. Iphinde ithuthukise impilo yezindonga zemithambo futhi ivimbele igazi ekunqandeni, okuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwegazi.
Ukuze ube nezinwele ezinempilo futhi eziqinile, kufanele zondliwe, ngakho-ke ukujikeleza kahle kwegazi kubalulekile.
28. Iqinisa izinwele.
Ukushoda kuka-Vitamin E kungaholela ezinweleni ezi-brittle, brittle and weak. Okuqukethwe uvithamini E okwanele emzimbeni kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukutholakala okucebile kwamavithamini kufinyelela ezimpandeni zezinwele, okuzozenza ziqine futhi ziqine.
Izinzuzo zamadoda
29. Isiza nge izifo zesistimu yokuzala yowesilisa.
Amakinati awusizo kwabesilisa abanezinkinga zamandla kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzoba nomphumela wokuphulukisa ku-prostate adenoma nokungazali. Amavithamini B9, B12, manganese ne-zinc, ayingxenye yamantongomane, azosiza ukubhekana nezinqubo zokuvuvukala kanye nezifo zomzimba wesilisa.
I-Zinc izokhulisa ukuhamba kwesidoda, i-libido futhi yenze amazinga e-hormonal abejwayelekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kwama-walnuts kuzoba ukuvimbela okuhle kakhulu kwe-prostatitis nezifo ze-genitourinary.
Ukulimaza nokuphikisana
1. Kubangela ukusabela okweqile.
E-United States, ngaphezu kwe-2% yabantu banenkinga yokungezwani namantongomane, futhi leli phesenti liyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka. Lokhu cishe kungabantu abayizigidi ezintathu. Amacala okwaliwa amantongomane aphindwe kane kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule.
Ngo-1997, u-0,4% wabantu base-US bebonke babengezwani nezinto ezithile, ngo-2008 leli phesenti lenyuka laba ngu-1,4%, kwathi ngo-2010 ladlula ku-2%. Ukungezwani kwamantongomane kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala.
Amantongomane ahambisana nezifo ezivamile ezifana neqanda, inhlanzi, ubisi, umuthi womuthi, i-shellfish, i-soy kanye nokwaliwa kukakolweni. Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi asikho isizathu esiqondile sokuthi kungani ukungezwani kwamantongomane kungenzeka. …
Ucwaningo olusha lubonisa ukuthi ukungezwani komzimba nomzimba kungabangelwa ukungadliwa kwamantongomane ngesikhathi sobuntwana. Muva nje, ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukusebenzisa amaprotheni amantongomane amancane ngokuhlanganiswa nezithasiselo ze-probiotic kunganciphisa kakhulu izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba.
NgoJanuwari 2017, iNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases yakhipha imihlahlandlela yabazali kanye nochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukwethula ukudla okususelwa kwamantongomane kusukela besebancane.
Futhi uma wena noma amalungu omndeni wakho uxabana namantongomane, kukhona amakhambi emvelo okusiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba kanye nenye indlela yebhotela lamantongomane.
Ukungezwani kwamantongomane kungenye yezindlela ezibucayi kakhulu zokuphendula kokudla ngokweqile ngokuqhubeka kokudla. Ngokusho kwe-American College of Allergy, Asthma, kanye ne-Immunology, izimpawu zokungezwani kwamantongomane yilezi:
- isikhumba esilumayo noma isifuba (kungaba nezindawo ezincane kanye nezibazi ezinkulu);
- ukulunywa noma ukuncinza emlonyeni noma emphinjeni;
- impumu egijimayo noma evalekile;
- isicasuli;
- i-anaphylaxis (kaningi kaningi).
2. Kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-anaphylaxis.
I-Anaphylaxis isenzo somzimba esibi futhi esisongela impilo ku-allergen. Akuvamile, kodwa izimpawu zayo kufanele zithathwe ngokungathí sina. Izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis zifaka phakathi izinkinga zokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala emphinjeni, ukwehla okungazelelwe kwengcindezi yegazi, isikhumba esiphaphathekile noma izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuquleka, isiyezi, nezinkinga zamathumbu.
Izimpawu kumele zelashwe ngokushesha nge-epinephrine (adrenaline), ngaphandle kwalokho kungabulala.
Ngenkathi izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba nokudla sekufundwe kabanzi isikhathi eside, ukudla kukodwa kuyimbangela ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-anaphylaxis.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezigameko ezingaba ngu-30 ze-anaphylaxis eminyangweni yezimo eziphuthumayo yase-US unyaka nonyaka, ezingama-000 zazo ezibe yingozi. Amantongomane kanye namantongomane abangela ngaphezulu kwamaphesenti angama-200 alawa macala.
3. Kubangela ukutheleleka kwamafungal.
Enye inkinga ngokudla amakinati ukuthi amila enhlabathini ngakho-ke athola umswakama omningi. Lokhu kungadala ukukhula kwama-mycotoxin noma isikhunta. Isikhunta kumantongomane singakhula sibe ukhunta olubizwa nge-aflatoxin. Le fungus ingathinta impilo yakho yamathumbu (i-leaky gut syndrome kanye ne-metabolism ehamba kancane).
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-aflatoxin ingawabulala ama-probiotic esiswini bese ilimaza uhlelo lokugaya ukudla. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumafutha we-peanut, okungewona ophilayo.
Isikhunta singadala nezimpendulo zomzimba ezivuthayo kumantongomane ezinganeni. Uma ungezwani namantongomane futhi ungafisi ukukuthola, khetha okungatshalwanga enhlabathini emanzi. Lamantongomane avame ukutshalwa ezihlahleni, okususa inkinga yesikhunta.
Izingcingo nizinkinga zokugaya ukudla.
Ukudla amakinati angahlutshiwe kungadala izinkinga zokugaya ukudla. Igobolondo eliqinile linamathela ezindongeni zesisu namathumbu liholela ekuqunjeni, ebuhlungwini besisu nasekuqunjelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakinati athosiwe nosawoti, adliwa nge-gastritis, azodala isilungulela.
5. Kukhuthaza ukukhuluphala nokukhuluphala ngokweqile.
Amantongomane anama-calories amaningi futhi anelisa kakhulu, ngakho akufanele asetshenziswe ngokweqile. Ngokukhuluphala, ukusetshenziswa kwamantongomane kuholela ekuwohlokeni kwenhlalakahle, ukukhuluphala kwesisindo kanye nezifo zesisu. Kepha noma ngabe awukhuluphele ngokweqile, ukusetshenziswa kwamakinati ngokweqile kungadala ukubukeka kwawo.
Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali komkhiqizo
Inani elinomsoco wamakinati (100 g) namaphesenti wenani lansuku zonke:
- Inani lokudla okunempilo
- Vitamins
- AmaMacronutrients
- Landelela Izinto
- amakholori 552 kcal - 38,76%;
- amaprotheni 26,3 g - 32,07%;
- amafutha 45,2 g - 69,54%;
- ama-carbohydrate 9,9 g -7,73%;
- i-fiber yokudla 8,1 g -40,5%;
- amanzi 7,9 g - 0,31%.
- S 5,3 mg -5,9%;
- E 10,1 mg –67,3%;
- V1 0,74 mg -49,3%;
- V2 0,11 mg -6,1%;
- V4 52,5 mg - 10,5%;
- B5 1,767 –35,3%;
- B6 0,348 –17,4%;
- B9 240 mcg -60%;
- I-PP 18,9 mg –94,5%.
- i-potassium 658 mg -26,3%;
- i-calcium 76 mg -7,6%;
- i-magnesium 182 mg -45,5%;
- i-sodium 23 mg -1,8%;
- i-phosphorus 350 mg –43,8%.
- insimbi 5 mg -27,8%;
- imanganese 1,934 mg -96,7%;
- ithusi 1144 μg - 114,4%;
- i-selenium 7,2 μg - 13,1%;
- i-zinc 3,27 mg -27,3%.
iziphetho
Amantongomane angamantongomane ahlukahlukene. Manje njengoba usuzazi zonke izinto ezizuzisayo zamakinati, ungazifaka ngokuphepha ekudleni kwakho. Kodwa-ke, ungakhohlwa ukucabangela izinyathelo ezingenhla, ukuphikisana nokulimala okungenzeka. Uma ungabaza, xhumana nodokotela wakho.
Izakhiwo Eziwusizo
- Kungumthombo wamandla.
- Yehlisa i-cholesterol.
- Ikhuthaza ukukhula.
- Ulwa nomdlavuza wesisu.
- Ilwa nesifo senhliziyo, izifo zesistimu yezinzwa.
- Kunciphisa amathuba okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
- Iqukethe ama-antioxidants.
- Isusa amatshe enyongo.
- Akuphromothi ukuzuza kwesisindo lapho kusetshenziswa ngokulinganisela.
- Kuvimbela umdlavuza wamathumbu.
- Jwayelekile amazinga kashukela egazini.
- Ulwa nokudangala.
- Kukhuthaza ukuzala.
- Ithuthukisa amazinga e-hormonal.
- Kuhle kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
- Kubuyisela ukuntuleka kwensimbi.
- Uphatha izimo zesikhumba.
- Ucebile ngama-acids anamafutha.
- Isusa ubuthi nobuthi.
- Ithuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi.
- Kuvikela isikhumba.
- Yehlisa izimpawu zokuguga.
- Izakhiwo zivuselela izakhiwo.
- Ishiya isikhumba sibukeka sihle futhi sinempilo.
- Kuyingxenye yamaski.
- Ithuthukisa ukukhula kwezinwele.
- Ukondla izinwele ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
- Kuqinisa izinwele.
- Isiza nge-prostatitis ne-prostate adenoma.
Izakhiwo ezinobungozi
- Kubangela ukusabela okweqile.
- Iphromotha i-anaphylaxis.
- Kubangela ukutheleleka kwefungal.
- Idala izinkinga zokugaya ukudla.
- Kukhuthaza ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nokukhuluphala lapho uhlukunyezwa.
Imithombo yocwaningo
Ucwaningo oluphambili ngezinzuzo nobungozi bamakinati lwenziwe ngodokotela nososayensi bangaphandle. Ngezansi ungathola imithombo eyinhloko yocwaningo ngesisekelo lapho le ndatshana ibhalwe khona:
Imithombo yocwaningo
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/1/NEJMe10.1056
2.https://www.medicinenet.com/peanut_allergy/article.htm
3.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257681/.
4.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257681/.
5.https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2173094
6.https: //acaai.org/allergy/types/food-allergies/types-food-allergy/peanut-allergy
7.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC152593/.
8.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20548131
9.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3733627/.
10.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16313688
11.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25592987
12.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3870104/.
13.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4361144/.
14.http: //www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1414850#t=abstract
15.https: //www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/nih-sponsored-expert-panel-issues-clinical-guidelines-prevent-peanut-allergy
Https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/new-allergy-guidance-most-kids-should-try-peanuts-n16
17.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26066329
18.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4779481/.
19.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1942178/.
20. http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/y07-082#.Wtoj7C5ubIW
21.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257681/.
22.https: //pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnabk316.pdf
23.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24345046
24.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10775379
25.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20198439
26.http: //blog.mass.gov/publichealth/ask-mass-wic/november-is-peanut-butter-lovers-month/
27.http: //mitathletics.com/landing/index
28.http: //www.academia.edu/6010023/Peanuts_and_Their_Nutritional_Aspects_A_Review
29.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15213031
30.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18716179
31.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16482621
32.http: //www.mass.gov/eohhs/gov/departments/dph/programs/family-health/folic-acid-campaign.html
33.http: //tagteam.harvard.edu/hub_feeds/2406/feed_items/1602743/content
34. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=jxQHBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Food+is+your+Medicine++By+Dr.+Jitendra+Arya&hl=en&sa=X&ei=w8_-VJjZM9WhugT6uoHgAw&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Food%20is%20your%20Medicine%20%20By%20Dr.%20Jitendra%20Arya&f=false
35. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=MAYAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA6&dq=Better+Nutrition+Sep+2001&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Ltn-VJqLFMiLuATVm4GgDQ&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Better%20Nutrition%20Sep%202001&f=false
36. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/.
37.https: //getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/chun_ji-yeon_200212_phd.pdf
38.https: //link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02635627
39. https://www.webmd.com/diet/guide/your-omega-3-family-shopping-list#1
40.http: //www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-185229/Foods-make-skin-glow.html
41. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=3Oweq-vPQeAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+New+Normal++By+Ashley+Little&hl=en&sa=X&ei=z-X-VKDDDNGHuASm44HQBQ&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20New%20Normal%20%20By%20Ashley%20Little&f=false
Imininingwane eyengeziwe ewusizo ngamakinati
Isetshenziswa kanjani
1. Ekuphekeni.
Amantongomane angabiliswa. Le ndlela yokupheka amakinati ivame kakhulu eMelika. Hlanza amantongomane kahle bese ufaka emanzini ihora elilodwa. Thatha ama-200 ml wamanzi bese ufaka kuwo 1 ithisipuni kasawoti. Faka amakinati esitsheni samanzi bese upheka ihora elilodwa. Amakinati abilisiwe amnandi futhi anempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakinati angabhekwa njengokudla kokudla.
Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni amakinati, angacutshungulwa abe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, njengokuwenza uwoyela, ufulawa noma ama-flakes. Amantongomane asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphekeni nakumajarini. Amafutha akhishwa kumantongomane ahlutshiwe nachotshoziwe kusetshenziswa umfutho wokubacindezela.
Ufulawa wamantongomane wenziwa ngamantongomane ahlanganiswe nge-blanched, bese ehlelwa ngokwezigaba bese ekhethwa ukuba abe sezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Okulandelayo, amakinati ayosa futhi acutshungulwe ukuze kutholakale ufulawa ongenamafutha. Lo fulawa usetshenziselwa amaqebelengwane, ama-glazes, amabha okusanhlamvu kanye namamiksi ebhikawozi. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukubhaka nokwenza amakhekhe.
Amantongomane aphelele aqoshiwe athandwa kakhulu e-cuisine yase-Asia. I-peanut paste isetshenziselwa ukujiya isoso nesobho. Isobho le-peanut utamatisi lithandwa kakhulu e-Afrika. Amakinati ayengezwa kumasaladi, amafriji aseFrance, futhi asetshenziswa futhi njengokuhlobisa / ukuhlobisa ama-dessert. Ngenye indlela, ungangeza amakinati ku-yogurt smoothie yakho ngesidlo sasekuseni. Lesi sidlo sasekuseni sizokugcwalisa kuze kufike isikhathi sasemini.
2. Ibhotela lamantongomane ekhaya.
Fry amakinati, blanch bese usika kuze kube ukhilimu. Faka okokunandisa noma usawoti ukuze uthuthukise ukunambitheka. Ungafaka futhi amakinati aqoshiwe ukuze unikeze ibhotela ukuthungwa okukhilimu nokukhwabanisayo. Amakinati athosiwe awukudla okuthandwa kakhulu eNdiya futhi kulula kakhulu ukukwenza.
Amantongomane ajikelezayo aseSpain ayanambitheka futhi asetshenziselwa ukosa, beka amantongomane ahlutshiwe esitsheni esingashisi sokubhaka bese uwagcoba imizuzu engama-20 ngo-180 ° C. Awakhiphe kuhhavini bese upholile. Zinonge ngosawoti nopelepele futhi zilungele ukudla.
3. Okunye (okungekhona ukudla) okusetshenziswayo.
Izingxenye zamantongomane (amagobolondo, izikhumba) zisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kokuphakelayo kwemfuyo, ukwenziwa kwama-briquettes kaphethiloli, okugcwalisa udoti wamakati, iphepha kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemicu emincane ekhemisi. Amakinati nezithako zawo zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza okokuhlanza, amabhalsamu, ama-bleach, uyinki, igrisi yezobuchwepheshe, insipho, i-linoleum, iraba, upende, njll.
Indlela ukukhetha
Amakinati atholakala unyaka wonke. Ingathengwa ezitolo ezinkulu nasezitolo zokudla ezikhwameni ezingangeni moya. Kuthengiswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene: kuhlutshiwe futhi kungaphenywa, okuthosiwe, usawoti, njll.
- Ukuthenga amantongomane angahlutshiwe kuhlale kungcono kunamantongomane ahlutshiwe.
- Ukuze kususwe isikhumba emantongomeni, siphathwa ngamakhemikhali amaningi, okwenza singasebenziseki.
- Uma uthenga amantongomane angahlutshiwe, qiniseka ukuthi iphenathi lamantongomane alivuliwe futhi linokhilimu.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi amakinati omile futhi awahlafunwa yizinambuzane.
- Amantongomane akumele “abuthelezi” lapho unyakazisa umgodla.
- Gwema ukuthenga amantongomane asikiwe ashonile, ngoba lokhu kukhombisa iminyaka “esekhulile” yamakinati.
- Igobolondo lamantongomane kufanele libe brittle futhi kube lula ukulihluba.
Ungagcina kanjani
- Amantongomane angafakwanga angagcinwa endaweni epholile, emnyama izinyanga eziningi.
- Ngasikhathi sinye, amantongomane anamagobolondo angagcinwa esitsheni esingangeni moya iminyaka eminingi.
- Ngenxa yokuthi amakinati anamafutha amaningi, angathamba uma eshiywe ekamelweni lokushisa isikhathi eside.
- Ungakwazi ukugcina amakinati ekamelweni lokushisa, kepha agcinwa kahle esiqandisini.
- Egumbini elipholile, ligcina impilo yalo entsha kanye neshalofu kangcono.
- Okuqukethwe kwamanzi amantongomane okuphansi kuzowagcina engagodoli.
- Amakinati akufanele asikwe ngaphambi kokulondolozwa.
- Uma engagcinwanga kahle, amakinati ayathamba futhi abe nesibindi futhi ekugcineni abe rancid.
- Ngaphambi kokudla amakinati, qiniseka ukuthi awanalo iphunga elithile ukukhombisa ukuthi ayamanci.
- Ungagcina amakinati ezitsheni zengilazi noma zepulasitiki.
- Amantongomane athanda ukumunca iphunga kalula, ngakho-ke uwagcine kude nokunye ukudla okubabayo noma okunephunga.
- Ukosa amakinati kuzonciphisa impilo yeshalofu labo njengoba uwoyela uphuma kubo.
Umlando wesenzeko
INingizimu Melika ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yamantongomane. Isitsha esitholakala ePeru siwubufakazi baleli qiniso. Okutholakele kusukela esikhathini lapho iMelika yayingakatholakali nguColumbus. Isitsha senziwe ngendlela yamakinati futhi sihlotshiswe ngomhlobiso ngendlela yalamantongomane.
Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi amakinati ayethandwa ngisho nangaleso sikhathi esikude. Amantongomane afakwa eYurophu ngabaphenyi baseSpain. Kamuva kwavela amakinati e-Afrika. Yalethwa lapho ngamaPutukezi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bafunda ngamakinati aseNyakatho Melika. Ngokumangazayo, imininingwane ngamakinati ayifikanga kuleli zwekazi hhayi evela eNingizimu Melika, kodwa evela e-Afrika (ngenxa yokuhweba ngezigqila). Cishe ngo-1530, amaPutukezi afaka amakinati eNdiya naseMacau, futhi abaseSpain bawaletha ePhilippines.
Kwabe sekuba ithuba lamaShayina ukujwayelana nalo mkhiqizo. Amantongomane avela eMbusweni waseRussia ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMXth. Izitshalo zokuqala zahlwanyelwa eduze kwase-Odessa.
Ikhule kanjani futhi kuphi
Iphenathi lingelomndeni we-legume futhi liyikhambi lonyaka. Ikhula esimweni sezulu esishisayo, ububanzi bamazinga okushisa amukelekile angama-20… + 27 degrees, izinga lomswakama liphakathi nendawo.
Ngenkathi yokukhula, lesi sitshalo sakha izimbali ezizenzela impova. Isitshalo esisodwa singakhula size sifinyelele kubhontshisi abangama-40. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamakinati izinsuku eziyi-120 kuya kwezingu-160. Lapho kuvuna, izihlahla zikhishwa ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthi amakinati ome futhi angoni lapho kuqhubeka ukugcinwa.
Ensimini ye-USSR yangaphambili, amakinati alinywa kwezinye izindawo zeCaucasus, ezifundeni eziseningizimu zengxenye yaseYurophu nase-Asia Ephakathi. Amantongomane alungele kakhulu ukutshalwa eRussia yizinkundla zeKrasnodar Territory.
Kepha kwezinye izindawo lapho ihlobo lifudumele impela, kuvunyelwe ukukhulisa lo mkhiqizo. Maphakathi neRussia, isivuno ngeke sicebe, kepha kungenzeka ukutshala amakinati lapho. Namuhla, abakhiqizi abahamba phambili bamakinati yi-India, China, Nigeria, Indonesia ne-United States.
Amaqiniso Okuthakazelisayo
- URudolph Diesel usebenzise ezinye zezinjini zokuqala esebenzisa uwoyela wamantongomane, futhi kusabhekwa njengophethiloli ongasebenziseka nanamuhla.
- ENdiya, amakinati asetshenziswa emakhaya njengokudla kwezilwane.
- Empeleni amakinati ayimidumba. Kepha njengoba inazo zonke izimpahla zamantongomane, kanye nama-alimondi kanye namasheya, futhi ingeyomndeni wamantongomane.
- E-United States, amakinati asetshenziswa ekwenzeni i-dynamite, kuthi eRussia ithathelwe indawo ubhontshisi wesoya.
- U-2/3 wesamba samantongomane ese-United States uya ekukhiqizeni ibhotela lamantongomane.
- Ikhilomitha elilodwa lokutshalwa kwamantongomane belizokwanela ama-sandwich ka-peanut butter ayi-8000.
- Isidlo sasekuseni esithandwa kakhulu ngu-Elvis Presley sasithosiwe ngebhotela le-sarachis, ujamu nobhanana.
- Edolobheni lamathafa (USA) kunetshe lesikhumbuzo lamakinati.
- Igama elithi "iphenathi" livela egameni lesiGriki elisho "isicabucabu", ngenxa yokufana kwephethini lenetha lesithelo kubulembu besikhwebu.
- Kuthatha amantongomane angama-350 ukwakha imbiza engu-540 gram yebhotela lamantongomane.
- Abantu baseMelika abangama-75% badla ibhotela lamantongomane ngesidlo sasekuseni.
- Ngo-1500 BC, amakinati ayesetshenziselwa imihlatshelo nokungcwatshwa ukusiza abangasekho emhlabeni emva kwempilo.