I-Bacteremia ichazwa ngokuba khona kwamagciwane egazini. Kungaba umphumela wezenzo ezijwayelekile njengokuxubha amazinyo, ukwelashwa kwamazinyo noma izinqubo zokwelashwa, noma kungabangwa izifo ezifana nenyumoniya noma ukutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo. Ngokuvamile, i-bacterium ayihambisani nanoma yiziphi izimpawu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi amabhaktheriya aqoqana ezicutshini ezithile noma ezithweni futhi abhekene nezifo ezimbi kakhulu. Abantu abasengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezivela ku-bacterium baphathwa ngama-antibiotics ngaphambi kokwelashwa okuthile kwamazinyo nezinqubo zokwelashwa. Uma kusolwa i-bacterium, ukuphathwa okunamandla kwama-antibiotics kunconywa. Ukwelashwa bese kulungiswa ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwesiko nokuzwela.

I-bacterium ichazwa ngokuba khona kwamagciwane egazini. Igazi empeleni liwuketshezi lwebhayoloji oluyinyumba. Ngakho-ke ukutholakala kwamagciwane egazini a priori okungajwayelekile. I-bacterium itholwa isiko legazi, okusho ukutshalwa kwegazi elijikelezayo.

Isilinganiso seminyaka yeziguli ezine-bacterium sineminyaka engama-68. Iningi lebhaktheriya liyi-mono-microbial (94%), okusho ukuthi ngenxa yokuba khona kohlobo olulodwa lwebhaktheriya. Ama-6% asele angama-polymicrobial. Amagciwane ayinhloko ahlukanisiwe, uma kwenzeka i-bacteremia, i-Escherichia coli (31%) kanye ne-Staphylococcus aureus (15%), kanti ama-52% ama-bacterium anemvelaphi ye-nosocomial (enterobacteria, Staphylococcus aureus).

I-bacterium ingabangelwa okuthile okungenangozi njengokuxubha amazinyo ngamandla noma isifo esiyingozi.

I-non-pathological bacterium

Zihambisana nokukhishwa okufushane kwamagciwane egazini abonwa njengomphumela wemisebenzi evamile kubantu abanempilo:

• ngesikhathi sokugaya amagciwane angangena egazini esuka emathunjini;
• ngemva kokuxubha amazinyo okunamandla, lapho amagciwane ahlala ezinsinini “ephushwa” egazini;
• ngemva kokwelashwa okuthile okunjengokukhishwa kwezinyo noma ukukala, lapho amagciwane akhona ezinsinini angakhishwa futhi angene egazini;
• ngemuva kwe-endoscopy yokugaya ukudla;
• ngemva kokufaka i-catheter ye-genitourinary noma i-catheter efakwe emthanjeni. Nakuba kusetshenziswa izindlela ze-aseptic, lezi zinqubo zingathuthela amagciwane egazini;
• ngemva kokujova izidakamizwa zokuzilibazisa, ngoba izinaliti ezisetshenziswayo ngokuvamile zingcoliswa amagciwane, futhi abasebenzisi ngokuvamile abasihlanzi kahle isikhumba sabo.

I-bacterium ye-pathological

Zihambisana nesifo esijwayelekile esibonakala ngokuphuma okukhulu kwebhaktheriya egazini kusukela ekugxileni kokuqala okuthelelanayo, okulandela inyumoniya, inxeba noma ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo. Isibonelo, ukuhlinzwa kwezilonda ezithelelekile, amathumba okusho ukunqwabelana kobomvu, nama-bedsores, kungakhipha amagciwane akhona endaweni enegciwane futhi kubangele i-bacterium. 

Ngokuya ngezinqubo ze-pathophysiological, i-bacterium ingaba:

• ukuphazanyiswa kwe-thromboembolic kanye ne-endocarditic bacteremia: ukukhishwa kube okungajwayelekile futhi kuphindaphindiwe;
• okuqhubekayo kwe-bacterium yemvelaphi ye-lymphatic njenge-brucellosis noma i-typhoid fever.

Ukuba nengxenye yokwenziwa kwamalunga noma ukufakelwa, noma ukuba nenkinga ngamavalvu enhliziyo, kwandisa ingozi ye-bacterium eqhubekayo noma ingozi yokuthi iyimbangela yezinkinga. .

Ngokuvamile, i-bacterium ebangelwa izenzakalo ezijwayelekile, njengokwelashwa kwamazinyo, ayivamile ukubangela ukutheleleka, njengoba inani elincane kuphela lamagciwane akhona futhi lawa asheshe aqedwe ngumzimba ngokwawo. , ngenxa yesimiso se-phagocytes-mononuclear (isibindi, ubende, umnkantsha), noma ngamanye amazwi, ngenxa yesimiso sethu sokuzivikela komzimba.

Lawa ma-bacterium ngokuvamile awesikhashana futhi awaphelezelwa yinoma yiziphi izimpawu. Lawa ma-bacterium, ngaphandle komphumela weningi labantu, angase aveze ingozi uma kwenzeka isifo se-valvular noma ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokuzivikela komzimba. Uma amagciwane ekhona isikhathi eside ngokwanele futhi enenani elanele, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinesimiso sokuzivikela ezifweni esibuthakathaka, i-bacterium ingabangela ezinye izifo futhi ngezinye izikhathi ibangele ukusabela okujwayelekile okujwayelekile noma i-sepsis.

I-bacterium ebangelwa ezinye izimo ingabangela ukushisa. Uma umuntu one-bacterium enezimpawu ezilandelayo, cishe uhlushwa yi-sepsis noma ukushaqeka kwe-septic:

• umkhuhlane ophikelelayo;
• ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo;
• amakhaza;
• umfutho wegazi ophansi noma i-hypotension;
• izimpawu zamathumbu ezifana nobuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza kanye nesifo sohudo;
• ukuphefumula ngokushesha noma tachypnée ;
• ukwazi kahle, cishe uphethwe yi-sepsis noma ukushaqeka kwe-septic.

Ukushaqeka kwe-Septic kwenzeka ku-25 kuya ku-40% weziguli ezine-bacterium ebalulekile. Amagciwane angaqediwe amasosha omzimba anganqwabelana ezindaweni ezahlukene zomzimba, abangele izifo ku:

• izicubu ezivala ubuchopho (meningitis);
• imvilophu yangaphandle yenhliziyo (pericarditis);
• amaseli ahlanganisa ama-valve enhliziyo (endocarditis);
• umnkantsha (osteomyelitis);
• amalunga (isifo samathambo esithathelwanayo).
  

Prevention

Abanye abantu abanjengalaba abalandelayo basengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezivela ku-bacteraemia:

• abantu abane-valve yenhliziyo yokwenziwa;
• abantu abane-prostheses ehlangene;
• abantu abane-valve yenhliziyo engavamile.

Ngokuvamile lezi zelashwa ngama-antibiotics ngaphambi kwanoma iyiphi inqubo engase ibe nesibopho se-bacterium njengokunakekelwa kwamazinyo okuthile, izinqubo zokwelapha, ukwelashwa kwezilonda ezithelelekile njll. Ngakho-ke ama-antibiotics angavimbela i-bacterium futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo kanye ne-sepsis.

Ukwelashwa

Uma kusolwa i-bacterium, kunconywa ukuthi unikeze ama-antibiotics ngokuqina, okusho ukuthi ngaphandle kokulinda ukukhonjwa kwe-microorganism okukhulunywa ngayo, ngemuva kokuthatha amasampula esiko lezindawo zemvelaphi. okungenzeka. Okunye ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa:

• lungisa ama-antibiotics ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yamasiko kanye nokuhlolwa kokuzwela;
• khipha amathumba ngokuhlinzwa, uma kukhona ithumba;
• susa zonke izisetshenziswa zangaphakathi ezingaba umthombo okusolekayo wamagciwane.